Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Dandruff”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The dandruff story.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dermatitis, Seborrheic↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of pityriasis capitis (dandruff) with econazole nitrate.

63 patients of both sexes with pityriasis sicca or steatoides were examined for presence of Pityrosporum ovale on the scalp. Only those cases in which very numerous yeasts were seen in all squamae present in the preparation were considered positive. According to the severity or duration of pityriasis, 60% of the patients in this population represented severe cases and 38% refractory cases. A solution of econazole nitrate was applied as a spray, morning and evening, for a period of 10 to 20 days (mean). The overall assessment of the clinical effects of econazole nitrate indicated 56 favourable results, with complete disappearance of objective clinical signs in 47 cases; the course of pruritus proceeded roughly parallel with that of the objective signs. The mycological checking of the clinical results, performed at least 7 days after the conclusion of therapy, disclosed 6 failures and 57 successes. In 17 patients, the microscopic examination of squamae was complemented by culture before and after treatment: in all cases, the culture, positive before econazole nitrate therapy, became negative after treatment, thus confirming the results of direct examination. These data suggest that Pityrosporum ovale plays a pathogenetic part in pityriasis simplex capitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

A non-invasive tape absorption method for recovery of inflammatory mediators to differentiate normal from compromised scalp conditions.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A simple non-invasive tape (Sebutape) adsorption method was used to recover inflammatory proteins from normal and compromised human scalp (i.e. dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis) in order to assess the inflammatory and immunologic changes relevant to these clinical conditions. METHODS: The scalps of subjects identified by a dermatologist as having either dandruff (n = 18), seborrheic dermatitis (n = 19) or normal scalp (n = 16) were visually graded to obtain total adherent scalp flaking scores (TASFS). Sebutape samples were then collected from both the high and low TASFS scalp sites using a one-minute tape application. To recover inflammatory molecules, tapes were extracted in buffered saline with sonication and the tape extracts analysed using commercial immunoassay methods for pro-inflammatory cytokines [i.e. interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] and the immunologic cytokines [i.e. IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15 and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)]. Nitric oxide (NO) was also assayed on tape extracts using the Greiss reaction. To account for differences in protein loading on the tapes all cytokine and NO results were normalized using the total protein (TP) amounts recovered in tape extracts. RESULTS: The IL-1alpha/TP levels recovered from dandruff and seborrheic scalps were significantly decreased (P = 0.03) compared to normal appearing scalp levels. The scalp levels of IL-1ra/TP and the ratio of IL-ra to IL-1alpha were significantly (P = 0.002) or directionally (P = 0.07) higher in seborrheic dermatitis scalps and dandruff scalps, respectively, compared to normal scalps. The IL-1ra and the IL-1ra/IL-1alpha ratio values correlated well with the TASFS. The TNF-alpha/TP levels recovered from dandruff scalps were significantly higher (P = 0.02) than levels recovered from seborrheic dermatitis and normal scalp subjects. IL-2/TP was significantly increased (P = 0.01) and IFN-gamma and NO significantly decreased (P = 0.05) in the seborrheic dermatitis scalp samples compared to normal controls. CONCLUSION: The Sebutape method has proven useful for distinguishing normal from diseased scalp conditions. The cytokines recovered from the scalp tape samples showed distinct patterns that differentiated dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis and normal scalp populations. These methods may also prove useful for monitoring the clinical efficacy of therapeutic actives for treating dandruff and seborrhea.

Absorption↗
PubMed2005

Efficacy of a new antidandruff thermophobic foam: a randomized, controlled, investigator-blinded trial vs. ketoconazole 2% scalp fluid.

BACKGROUND: Ketoconazole (K), zinc pyrithione (ZP), and salicylic acid (SA) are compounds active in the treatment of dandruff. A thermophobic foam formulation containing K 1%, ZP 0.5%, and SA 2% is now available. STUDY AIM: To compare the efficacy of thermo phobic foam with K 2% scalp fluid in the treatment of moderate to severe dandruff. Patients and methods In a randomized, prospective, parallel-group, investigator-blinded, 4-week treatment trial, a total of 54 patients (mean age 43 +/- 8 years) were enrolled. Foam (F group) (n = 37) or K 2% scalp fluid (SF group) (n = 17) was applied daily for 7 days and twice weekly for 3 weeks thereafter. Clinical assessment of the total dandruff severity score (TDSS) was performed at baseline, after 2 and 4 weeks. The TDSS was calculated using a four-grade quantitative score (0 = no dandruff; 3 = severe dandruff) dividing the scalp area into four zones and adding the single score for each area. RESULTS: At baseline, TDSS was 7.1 +/- 2 and 5.1 +/- 1 in the F and SF groups, respectively. At the end of treatment period, beneficial effects were observed in both groups. The TDSS was reduced to 2.5 +/- 1 in the F group and to 3.7 +/- 1.2 in the SF group (mean difference in favor of F group: -1.2; 95% CI: -0.57 to -1.8) (P = 0.0003). A complete or nearly complete resolution of dandruff was observed in 24 out of 37 (64%: 95%CI: 48-77%) in the F group and in 7 out of 17 (41%: 95% CI: 21-64%) in the SF group (P = 0.06 between groups). CONCLUSIONS: This new antidandruff thermophobic foam has shown to be more effective than ketoconazole 2% scalp fluid in the treatment of severe dandruff.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

A randomised, single-blind, single-centre clinical trial to evaluate comparative clinical efficacy of shampoos containing ciclopirox olamine (1.5%) and salicylic acid (3%), or ketoconazole (2%, Nizoral) for the treatment of dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: The association between seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff and the yeast Malassezia furfur is well recognized. Symptoms include scalp itchiness and scaling. Due to its antimycotic activity, ciclopirox olamine is established as an effective treatment for these scalp conditions. Salicylic acid has keratolytic properties and aids in the removal of scales. OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of a shampoo containing 1.5% ciclopirox olamine and 3% salicylic acid (CPO/SA) with Nizoral (2.0% ketoconazole shampoo) in a study involving 154 subjects with dandruff - 70 of whom also had seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp. Nizoral is currently a registered treatment for dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis. METHODS: The shampoos were used three times week for 4 weeks, with 2-week washout and follow-up periods. Clinical and self-assessments were made throughout treatment and after follow-up (day 43). Within and between-treatment assessments of signs and symptoms were analysed. RESULTS: In the two groups, seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff improved significantly throughout treatment, with lower clinical and self-assessment scores at both the end of treatment (day 29) and follow-up (day 43). Only the subjects treated with CPO/SA shampoo showed a significant reduction in the itching of seborrhoeic dermatitis at these times. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that both CPO/SA and Nizoral were safe and effective in the treatment of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1995

Tinea versicolor of the scalp.

BACKGROUND: Tinea versicolor (TV) is commonly described on the trunk without giving attention to involvement of the scalp. We examined cases with dandruff with and without TV on the body to see how frequent Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is present in dandruff scales. METHODS: A total of 80 patients were examined mycologically using KOH preparation for the presence of M. furfur in dandruff scales. RESULTS: M. furfur was found in dandruff scales in 7 out of 20 men with TV (35%) and 5 out of 20 women with TV (25%), whereas it was absent in another 40 cases without clinical lesions of TV on the body. CONCLUSIONS: Attention must be paid to TV of the hairy scalp. Cases of dandruff, especially those accompanied with TV of the body, must be examined for the presence of M. furfur because of its prognostic significance. Positive cases should be treated accordingly.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effective treatment of seborrheic dermatitis using a low dose, oral homeopathic medication consisting of potassium bromide, sodium bromide, nickel sulfate, and sodium chloride in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Topical over-the-counter remedies exist to aid in the control of seborrheic dermatitis and chronic dandruff on a superficial level. Low-dose systemic oral nickel and bromide therapy has shown promise in providing improvement and eventual clearing of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the effect of an orally administered low-dose, homeopathic mineral therapy (Potassium bromide 1X, Sodium bromide 2X, Nickel sulfate 3X, Sodium chloride 6X) on seborrheic dermatitis and chronic dandruff. METHODS: Forty-one patients with seborrheic dermatitis and/or chronic dandruff were assigned to one of two treatment groups: Active (containing the medication) or placebo (vehicle). Study medication was administered in a placebo-controlled, randomly-selected, double-blind study for 10 weeks. At the end of 10 weeks all patients crossed over to the active medication, under a different label for an additional 10 weeks in an open study format. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients completed the 10-week blinded portion of the study. After 10 weeks of treatment, the disease state of the active patients improved significantly over that of the placebo patients (p<0.04). The placebo patients' condition before and after crossover to active treatment was also evaluated, showing significant improvement (p<0.01) 10 weeks after crossing over to active medication. CONCLUSION: Oral therapy using a low-dose homeopathic preparation combining Potassium bromide 1X, Sodium bromide 2X, Nickel sulfate 3X, and Sodium chloride 6X, provides significant improvement in seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff after 10 weeks of dosing.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The response of seborrhoeic dermatitis to ketoconazole.

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study was made of ketoconazole 200 mg daily in nineteen patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis. All had scalp lesions and sixteen had seborrhoeic dermatitis at other sites. Responses were measured by clinician and patients independently, using a linear analogue scale. Body and scalp lesions and itch regressed considerably and significantly with ketoconazole in all but five patients, three of whom subsequently responded to a higher dose. The patients studied with seborrhoeic dermatitis had been sent by their family doctors in answer to a request for patients with dandruff, and the clinical difference between the two was found to be only of degree. Three patients with dandruff without erythema were studied separately using the same study design: all three responded similarly to those with seborrhoeic eczema. It is concluded that Pityrosporum yeast infection is the immediate cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis and that dandruff is its mildest manifestation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Specific diagnosis of exogenous bronchial asthma in adults. Comparison between case history, intracutaneous test, RAST, histamine release from basophil leucocytes, and bronchial provocation.

Twenty-two adults with extrinsic bronchial asthma were examined with 26 different allergens from five groups: house dust + mite (30 BP), animal dandruff (30 BP), pollen (12 BP), mould fungi (11 BP), and feather + cotton (10 BP). The same allergen batch was used for each allergen extract in all analyses. Based on the results of the single analyses: case history (CH), intracutaneous test (ST), RAST, histamine release from basophil leucocytes (HR), and the results of the analysis combinations and the "true diagnosis" bronchial provocation (BP), the sensitivity and specificity (SE and SP) were calculated and shown graphically. An evaluation of the diagnostic reliability of the single analyses and analysis combination was then possible. Generally, HR was the best individual analysis with very few false positive values and false negative values, followed by RAST, ST, and CH. None of them was able to predict allergy for feather + cotton. Otherwise, BP was positive when HR and rast reached scores 2 and 3 with the exception of RAST for animal dandruff. As regards ST, we had to reach score 3 in order to predict positive BP. CH would only provide the diagnosis with a maximum score in the pollen group. BP was positive in any analysis combination resulting in score 6 or more. ST appeared to be the most sensitive of the individual analyses. All the patients with ST score 0 showed negative BP for all allergen groups, whereas a corresponding sensitivity for HR score 0 was only achieved with animal dandruff, and for RAST score 0 for pollen only. In spite of the new analyses, BP is in many cases necessary if a definite diagnosis is required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Nasal provocation test in the diagnostics of hairdressers' occupational rhinitis.

Hairdressers are exposed daily at their work to many different hair chemicals and dandruff. The work-related nasal symptoms are common, especially with hair bleaching and striping. There are some reports on hairdressers asthma, but publications concerning occupational rhinitis among hairdressers are very few. The purpose of this study is to investigate the work-related rhinitis symptoms of hairdressers, and to study whether nasal provocation tests (NPTs) can be applied in diagnostics. The study subjects were 40 hairdressers having work-related rhinitis symptoms. Detailed work and exposure histories and work-related symptoms were inquired of using a questionnaire. Prick tests were done. Altogether 142 NPTs were done: 40 placebo, 36 dandruff, 35 ammonium persulphate (APS), and 31 ammonium thioglycolate (ATG). To register the nasal response rhinorrhea and nasal blockage were scored. In 3 allergen NPTs there was an essential change in the nasal status: in 2 APS and in 1 dandruff tests. Three patients were diagnosed as having an occupational rhinitis. The low number of positive reactions in NPTs and few positive reactions in skin prick tests verified that immediate allergy caused by hairdressers' work substances is uncommon. However, in cases of clear work-related rhinitis, there is a need to perform examinations to find the probable allergy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A clinical study of topical mucopolysaccharides & polydeoxyribonucleoprotein (Foltene) therapy in alopecia.

We performed clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Foltene in patients of the several types of hair fallings. Thirty patients with male pattern baldness, alopecia areata and seborrheic alopecia were included in this study. Foltene was applied every other day for 40 days, and followed by maintenance therapy of twice application a week. The duration of whole therapy was 6 months. We conclude that Foltene is an effective and agent for male pattern baldness, alopecia areata and seborrheic alopecia from the following results. Ten patients with male pattern baldness was treated with Foltene for 6 months. Foltene had therapeutic effects of 50% in hair regrowth, 70% in decreased hair falls, 30% in decreased dandruff, 50% in decreased seborrhea. Thirteen patients with alopecia areata was treated with Foltene for 6 months. Foltene had therapeutic effects of 61.6% in hair regrowth, 53.9% in decreased in hair falls, 53.9% in decreased dandruff, 77.0% in decreased seborrhea. Seven patients with seborrheic alopecia was treatment with Foltene for 6 months. Foltene had therapeutic effects of 85.8% in hair regrowth, 57.2% in decreased hair falls, 42.9% in decreased dandruff, 85.8% in decreased seborrhea. The degree of therapeutic success was related to the duration of therapy. The side effects were as followed: itching sensation developed in 2 patients (6.7%); tingling sensation in 3 patients (10.0%); burning sensation in 1 patient (3.3%); erythema in 3 patients (10.0%).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

A report of clinical trial conducted on Toto ointment and soap products.

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of Toto ointment and soap on common skin disorders was tested. METHODOLOGY: A cohort of Nigerians with common skin conditions such as fungal and bacterial skin infections, scabies, acne vulgaris, and dandruff were selected and followed for a period of 12 weeks. The study is a randomized, comparative, prospective, blinded observational study. Following a placebo run in/wash out period, patients were given either a Toto ointment or soap, or a combination of these, or sulfur ointment alone. Soap use was preferred in patients with Tinea capitis more than patients with any other superficial skin condition for technical reasons--such as ease of application of the soap lather. Expressed preference for either the soap or the cream was at times taken into consideration. Cure rate, adverse drug effects and acceptability of the products were assessed. RESULTS: Out of the 595 patients with common skin diseases selected for the study, 446 (74.9%) had fungal infections, while 64 (10.8%) had scabies infestation. A total of 47 (7.9%) patients had bacterial skin infections, 36 (6.1%) had acne vulgaris, and two (0.3%) had dandruff. At the end of the treatment period, out of the 129 patients with fungal infections treated with Toto ointment alone, 92 (71.3)% were successfully treated; while 41 (87.2%) out of the 47 patients with scabies were successfully treated with Toto ointment alone. Although few patients were seen with bacterial skin infections during the study period, these patients responded well to the ointment, the soap or a combination of the two. Overall, the combination of Toto ointment and soap had a better clinical success rate on all diseases when compared to sulfur ointment alone. The study has shown the efficacy and tolerability of Toto products (skin ointment and soap) in the management of common skin disorders. CONCLUSION: Toto ointment and soap are particularly efficacious in the management of common skin conditions such as fungal and bacterial skin infections, scabies, acne vulgaris and dandruff.

Double-Blind Method↗