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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Protein components for nanodevices.

A long-term goal of nanobiotechnology is to build tiny devices that respond to the environment, perform computations and carry out tasks. Considerable progress has been made in building protein components for such devices, and here we describe examples, including self-assembling protein arrays, pores with triggers and switches, and motor proteins harnessed for specific tasks. A major issue that has been successfully addressed in this recent work is the interface between the proteins and other components of the system, such as a metal surface. While further progress is expected in the coming years, the assembly of devices from the components has seen more limited accomplishments. For example, although a wide variety of sensors based on nanobiotechnology has been developed, unresolved problems still confront the construction of complex nanobioelectronic circuits, and the development of nanorobotics with biological components remains a distant dream.

Microchip Analytical Procedures↗
PubMed1989

The will in psychoanalytic theory and practice.

In psychoanalytic treatment insight does not necessarily lead to change, because psychoanalysis has not yet integrated into its theory and technique the full significance of two determinants: (1) the resistances arising from the patient's environment, and (2) the role played by the patient's will in his/her analysis. This paper is focused on the second determinant. Freud's elucidation of repression and other defences challenged the assumption that the will operated in an uncomplicated, straightforward manner. When, however, neurotic fears, secondary gain, or guilt underlying the inhibited or misdirected will are thoroughly analysed, patients are enabled to strive for their long-range aims, as clarified during the course of their analysis. Psychoanalytic theory has not recognized the will for two reasons. (1) Its theory is committed to determinism, which does not characterize its practice. Psychoanalysis does not predict outcome as required by philosophical determinism, but traces it backwards to find that it is meaningful, and not arbitrary or purposeless. (2) It attributes 'willing' to the ego, along with other multifarious functions, which confounds the development and operation of distinct functions, and distracts attention from the phenomenological investigation of each separate function.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

The real person of the analyst and his role in the process of psychoanalytic cure.

This paper focuses on the real relationship with the analyst in the psychoanalytic situation as an aspect of the therapeutic process that leads to change. The role of free association, clarification, and interpretation of the transference are taken for granted as major activities of the analyst, and the real relationship with him is seen as a complementary but important ingredient for change. In particular, his emotional availability determines the climate of analysis. The concepts of neutrality, anonymity, and abstinence, though of importance as guideposts in the conduct of an analysis, have conceptual limitations that not infrequently bind the analyst in a stance that is not useful for the progress of the analysis. On occasion, confirmation by the analyst of the verity of an experience in the patient's early life facilitates the analytic process. This occurs particularly in situations of early trauma, but at times may include chronically traumatic early life experiences. An important motivating force in analysis is the patient's unconscious wish to find the ideal parent absent in early life experience, a wish that is experienced and ultimately analyzed. This is to be distinguished from a defensive idealized transference. Psychoanalytic developmental psychology contributes to our understanding of how the real person of the analyst, his emotional availability, his responsiveness at particular times, his attitude toward action and progressive change in the patient, affect the therapeutic process that leads to change.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The controversial discussions and après-coup.

The author suggests a distinction between what is descriptively named après-coup, and what is dynamically identified as après-coup. This parallels Freud's distinction between the descriptive unconscious and the dynamic unconscious in the topographical model of the mind. The descriptive après-coup refers to the way in which the concept has found a use, especially but not only in the French literature, to refer to retrospective signification in the moment-to-moment progress of a session. The author outlines dynamic après-coup and she suggests it is at the core of Freudian metapsychology. Dynamic après-coup establishes a link between trauma, castration, repetition compulsion, sexuality and temporality in the context of the transference.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Story-like organization of dream experience in different periods of REM sleep.

Four dream reports, collected from each of 16 subjects in an experimental night, were analysed using the criteria of Mandler and Johnson's story grammar. The experimental night was the first of the four nights where subjects had spontaneously given a dream report after each of the four awakenings planned in REM sleep. A multivariate analysis of covariance, taking the order of the nights where the experimental night occurred and the order of reports as factors, the number of stories per report as covariate and the number of statements in the setting, the number of statements in the event structure and number of episodes per story as dependent variables, showed that the greater length and complexity of reports collected in the second half of the night depends on a greater effectiveness of the dream production system rather than on a greater accuracy of recall. This increase concerns the organization of individual stories rather than the number of stories developed in a given time. These findings raise the issue of how dream production is re-triggered during REM sleep. To cast light on this issue, it seems important to establish whether and how the themes of the various stories developed in a given dream experience are interrelated.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Korean American family experiences of caregiving for their mentally ill adult children: an interpretive inquiry.

The purpose of this cross-cultural qualitative study is to describe and interpret the Korean American families' (KAFs') caregiving experiences for their mentally ill grown children. Seven KAF caregivers were purposefully sampled. In-depth audiotaped interviews were conducted in Korean, and Korean metaphors, images, and dreams were translated into English. This allowed for a rich explication of this study's complex caregiving phenomena. Five major themes were identified: (a) realization of children's illness, (b) battling the disease of incompetence, (c) poignant processes of caregiving, (d) suffering as a way of life, and (e) journey toward spirituality. In conclusion, incorporating transcultural nursing into core nursing curricula, recognizing the spiritual dimensions of care in nursing, and establishing culturally congruent community-based day treatment modalities and programs integrating other cultures are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Action theory within the structural view.

This paper presents a summary of a cohesive theme coursing through a group of selected papers written by the author over four decades. Purpose, intention, choice and decision are seen as firmly anchored within structural metapsychological theory. These constitute a cohesive and operative psychoanalytic theory of action, which Hartmann stated did not exist within psychoanalytic theory. The exposure and inclusion of this unconscious series of intrapsychic events obviates the need for many alternative theories which have been erected to give a place to these very functions. Unconscious decision, ego will and volition, the unconscious initiation and execution of action, operate during waking life, with as complete and complex secondary process mentation as secondary revision organizes the final shape and contents of a dream during sleep. These conceptual changes and advances have important psychosociolegal implications. Man not only does not know why he acts; he also does not always know that he acts. The mainstream itself is not monolithic and has also resisted the development of many of these advances. Factors responsible for this lag or block are adduced, which include anti-scientism or intellectuality, as well as, most importantly, a resistance to an increase of responsibility and accountability.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1982

The nature of the Oedipus complex in the Dora case.

In this paper we sought to study, through a detailed review of Dora's analytic material, the specific nature of her oedipal conflict and its expression in her treatment with Freud as manifested in her dreams, associations, and transference. We found that while Freud was surely correct in considering Dora's positive oedipal conflict as an important source of her psychopathology, the implication of her early regression to a phallic-oedipal position was not fully appreciated or interpreted, leading to her eventual premature termination. While Freud analyzed, largely following the end of the treatment, Dora's erotic love for Frau K., he did not see this love as deriving from an integrated phallic-oedipal complex which included competitive and castrative strivings toward men as well as wishes to love a woman from a phallic position. Thus we sought to extend Freud's analysis of the case by delineating the specific form of Dora's homosexual love, the genetic sources for it, and the aggressive wish toward men as they derive from a particular substage of the oedipal phase for females, the phallic-oedipal phase. We conclude that Dora's hostility toward Freud, her father and Herr. K. resulted not only from injured pride but, more basically, from her jealousy and rivalry with father for mother's love. In her treatment Dora's phallic-oedipal wishes became increasingly dominant. They were manifested in the transference with her first acting to engage Freud's interest and then thwarting his interpretive efforts, ultimately by leaving the treatment altogether. The case well illustrates the importance of understanding the role of the phallic-oedipal phase in female hysterical patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Sigmund Freud and cocaine].

The basic tenet proposed by J. V. Scheidt states that the narcotic drug, cocaine played a role in the development of psychoanalysis which has been underestimated up to the present day. It is a fact that Freud himself took cocaine (in small doses) for about two years, and that he began his dream interpretation approximately ten years later. Scheidt believes that a long, unconscious conflict related to the cocaine-induced states of euphoria (ten years later) suddenly led to the beginnings of dream interpretation. The question to be answered now is: Why did this happen precisely in 1895? The foundations of psychoanalysis had already been laid, the application of the new method to the treatment of nervous disorders (heart complaints, train phobias, etc.) was certainly obvious. During this self-analysis it became necessary, first of all, to come to terms with the self-reproaches-which lay on the surface and were more accessible to consciousness-related to Freud's cocaine period (Fleischl-Marxow becomes addicted to cocaine, the most terrible night ever experienced, death of this friend, Freud's warning came too late). It was only when Freud has come to terms with this phase of his life that the road to the deepest part, the discovery of the Oedipus complex in the fall of 1897, was cleared.

Austria↗