Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “DIATRIZOATE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pulmonary edema induced by contrast medium. A comparative investigation in the rat following high intravenous doses of one ionic (diatrizoate) and non-ionic (metrizamide) contrast medium.

Monomeric ionic contrast media are known to induce a significant degree of pulmonary edema following intravenous injection of high doses of contrast media in rats. This edema has been shown to be dependent on dose and rate of injection. Metrizamide administered at the same dose causes much less and more transient pulmonary edema than diatrizoate. Although blood osmolalities were significantly and consistently lower following administration of metrizamide compared with diatrizoate, this difference alone does not account for the difference in the degree of pulmonary edema induced by these media.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Contrast-medium-induced electrocardiographic abnormalities: comparison of bolus and infusion of methylglucamine iodamide and methylglucamine/sodium diatrizoate.

A double-blind study comparing electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities induced by methyglucamine iodamide and methylglucamine/sodium diatrizoate was conducted in 189 patients. The media were each administered by both bolus and infusion. Iodamide caused fewer ECG changes both by injection and infusion. This contrast medium also resulted in fewer ECG changes in the patient groups with known prior ECG abnormalities, cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, ischemia, or renal impairment and in those over 50 years of age. Digitalis did not increase the frequency of ECG abnormalities with either medium. With diatrizoate, the lower bolus dose produced as many major ECG changes in the presence of preexisting ECG abnormalities (arrhythmias, ischemia) or prior cardiovascular disease as the three-times-larger infusion dose more slowly administered; conversely, the opposite was found when renal insufficiency or older age existed. The conclusion is that iodamide media caused fewer ECG abnormalities and may be less hazardous.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Digital subtraction angiography. Comparison of meglumine-Na diatrizoate with iohexol.

A slight improvement in image quality occurred with the use of iohexol when compared with meglumine-Na diatrizoate. There is less swallowing with iohexol, which gives better image registration when looking at the extracranial carotid arteries. A single significant tachycardia occurred with the ionic medium, but not with iohexol. Overall discomfort and minor adverse reactions were less with iohexol than with diatrizoate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of iohexol in pediatric urography: a comparative study with meglumine diatrizoate.

In a prospective study the nephrotoxicity of iohexol, a new non-ionic contrast medium, was compared with meglumine diatrizoate. Plasma creatinine, BUN, creatinine clearance, urinalysis and the urinary excretion of N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and muramidase (MU) were determined prior to and following intravenous pyelography. A significant rise in the enzyme excretion was observed in patients who received iohexol and diatrizoate. Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate any difference in nephrotoxicity between the two iodinated contrast media.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impermeability of the blood-brain barrier to intravenous high-iodine-dose meglumine diatrizoate in the normal dog.

The effect of an intravenous bolus of 4.3 ml/kg of 60% meglumine diatrizoate on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was studied in five adult unanesthetized dogs. Intravenous 3% Evans blue dye (4 ml/kg) was used as an indicator of BBB disruption. The animals were observed for signs of neurotoxicity for 1 hr after contrast-medium injection and then sacrificed. Their brains were removed and sectioned. None of the dogs displayed clinical evidence of neurotoxicity, and none of the brain specimens showed evidence of BBB disruption. The authors concluded that there is a statistically significant lack of correlation between the intravenous administration of 4.3 ml/kg of 60% meglumine diatrizoate and BBB disruption (p less than 0.05 with a probability of 90%). A previous publication reported focal BBB disruption in anesthetized dogs with dosages of 4 ml/kg and 6 ml/kg of 60% intravenous contrast agent given as an initial bolus followed by a drip infusion. The present study duplicated this prior experiment using the 6 ml/kg dose followed by infusion in three additional unanesthetized dogs and failed to substantiate the previous findings. This discrepancy leads to the assumption that the BBB damage noted in the previous experiment was somehow related to a factor(s) other than the intravenous contrast-medium injection. The BBB cannot be disrupted in the unanesthetized dog with intravenous doses of 60% contrast media of even 6 ml/kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Digital subtraction angiography. Comparison of meglumine-Na diatrizoate with iohexol.

A slight improvement in image quality occurred with the use of iohexol when compared with meglumine-Na diatrizoate. There is less swallowing with iohexol, which gives better image registration when looking at the extracranial carotid arteries. A single significant tachycardia occurred with the ionic medium, but not with iohexol. Overall discomfort and minor adverse reactions were less with iohexol than with diatrizoate.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cardioangiography in man using iohexol and meglumine-Na diatrizoate. A comparison of hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects.

The initial clinical experience from 5 centers in the United States with iohexol for routine cardioangiography is presented. The investigation includes 124 patients who received iohexol and 127 patients who received meglumine-Na diatrizoate. Iohexol produced a lesser degree of systemic hypotension after coronary angiography and left ventriculography than diatrizoate. No deleterious electrocardiographic changes were observed after iohexol injections. Iohexol was well tolerated by the patients and it may become a preferred contrast medium for routine clinical cardioangiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of iohexol and meglumine-Na diatrizoate in cerebral angiography.

A double blind investigation comparing meglumine-Na diatrizoate (290 mg I/ml) and iohexol (300 mg I/ml) showed that patients receiving iohexol experienced significantly less discomfort. Patients who received diatrizoate commonly showed transient episodes of hypertension while those who received iohexol either showed no changes or transient episodes of hypotension. No significant changes in heart rate were observed in either group.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

Immediate effect of meglumine diatrizoate on the vascular endothelium. An electron-microscopic study.

Immediate morphological alterations in the vascular endothelium were studied in the common iliac artery and muscle capillaries of the rat after perfusions ranging from 3 to 120 seconds. Isotonic meglumine diatrizoate and saline produced no perceptible changes. Hypertonic solutions produced cell shrinkage and deformation of the intercellular spaces of the iliac artery in all cases. Shrinkage of the endothelial cells was also accompanied by shrinkage of the neighbouring cells. Hypertonic solutions did not always produce alterations in the capillaries; the frequency of such alterations was greater with saline. It is suggested that meglumine diatrizoate causes circulatory disturbance which affects its distribution to the microvasculature.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Serum diatrizoate level during intraoperative cholangiography in patients without choledochal obstructions.

To assess the degree of regurgitation of contrast media during intraoperative cholangiography, serum diatrizoate levels were measured in 15 patients without demonstrable bile duct obstructions. The maximum pressure achieved during the injection was measured in seven cases and ranged from 13 to 39 cm H2O (average 21.7 +/- 9.3 cm H2O). Only two of the 15 patients studied had detected serum diatrizoate (in one patient 7-14 micrograms I/ml and the other patient 119-200 micrograms I/ml) after completion of the injection. The data suggest that regurgitation of contrast media into the blood during intraoperative cholangiography does not depend solely on injection pressure. Moreover the data suggest that in order to prevent adverse reactions to accidental intravenous contrast administration nonionic contrast media should be used in most, if not all, radiographic studies as some contrast media reaches the bloodstream.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1990

Unequal doses of ioversol versus diatrizoate for urography.

A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed to compare a higher dose of conventional ionic contrast media (diatrizoate) with a lower dose of a new, nonionic contrast material (ioversol) for excretory urography (EU). One hundred twenty patients were randomized to receive either 100 ml of diatrizoate (Renografin-60) or 75 ml of ioversol (Optiray-320). Despite the lower iodine dose, the use of ioversol resulted in significantly better opacification of the calyces, renal pelves, and ureters. There was no significant difference in renal parenchymal opacification, opacification of the urinary bladder, or distention of the collecting system. We conclude that high-quality EU can be performed with a lower iodine dose using ioversol.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparative effects of nonionic (iopamidol) and ionic (sodium and meglumine diatrizoate) contrast media for urography on urinary excretion of water and solutes.

Urinary water and solute excretion before and for 40 minutes after intravenous bolus injection of a nonionic (iopamidol) or an ionic medium (sodium meglumine diatrizoate) have been studied in subjects with normal renal function. Iopamidol produced less urinary losses of water, potassium, sodium, and chloride than did diatrizoate; uric acid excretion was also less enhanced. Surprisingly, both contrast agents produced a comparable increase in urinary pH and bicarbonate excretion. These data show that nonionic agents produce fewer changes in urinary excretion of water and solutes; the less enhanced excretion of uric acid after a nonionic medium may be an important reason to choose the latter agents for urography in patients at risk for urate neophropathy.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1997

Iopentol (Imagopaque 300) compared with iohexol (Omnipaque 300) and diatrizoate (Urografin 292) in pediatric urography. A clinical trial assessing adverse events and diagnostic information.

A double-blind, parallel-group trial was performed in 96 children in order to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of iopentol (Imagopaque, Nycomed imaging AS, Oslo, Norway) with those of routinely used contrast media. Ten children below 1 year of age received iopentol and eight received iohexol (Omnipaque, Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo, Norway) (both 300 mg I/ml) in a random manner. Seventy-eight children (39 in each group), between one and 10 years of age, received iopentol 300 or diatrizoate (Urografin, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) 292 mg I/ml for urography. No adverse events were observed among the children below 1 year of age. In the group between one and 10 years there was a statistically and clinically significant difference (p = 0.007) in the incidence of adverse events between the iopentol (2.6%) and diatrizoate (25.6%) groups. All adverse events were of mild or moderate intensity. No serious reactions were encountered. The overall quality of visualization was judged to be diagnostic for all patients. This study supports the use of non-ionic contrast media in pediatric patients and confirms that iopentol is a safe and effective contrast medium well suited for children from 0-10 years of age.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Physical stability of ethyl diatrizoate nanocrystalline suspension in steam sterilization.

PURPOSE: To study the effects of formulation variables on the physical stability of a submicron crystal (nanocrystal) suspension under steam sterilization conditions. METHODS: Suspensions of ethyl diatrizoate nanocrystals were prepared by wet milling in the presence of the surfactant poloxamine 908. Particle size distribution and zeta potential were measured by photon correlation spectroscopy. RESULTS: On heating, the mean particle size of the nanocrystal suspension remained essentially unchanged up to 110 degrees C, the cloud point of the stabilizing surfactant, but increased significantly above that temperature. The increase in particle size was a result of particle aggregation rather than crystal growth. Adding a cloud point booster to the suspension significantly minimized the particle aggregation at high temperatures. The purity of poloxamine 908 and the tonicity agent and buffer salt used also affected the heat stability of the suspension, the latter agents apparently through altering the surfactant cloud point. CONCLUSIONS: The aggregation of the ethyl diatrizoate nanocrystalline suspension under steam sterilization conditions was a result of phase separation of the stabilizing surfactant at its cloud point. When formulated with a cloud point booster to prevent the phase-separation, the suspension maintained its physical stability under steam sterilization without any significant change in particle size distribution.

Buffers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac function during coronary arteriography with calcium enriched diatrizoate and metrizamide.

Calcium was added to diatrizoate (Renografin 76) and metrizamide (Amipaque) to concentrations from 2.5 to 50 mEq/1. The solutions were injected into the left coronary artery in dogs with either the chest opened or closed. In open chest experiments contractile force and aortic pressures were recorded. In closed chest dogs, left ventricular pressure, first derivative of that pressure and aortic pressure were registered. The calcium ion concentration was linearly, inversely related to the effect of the contrast solutions on the recorded parameters. In these experiments the optimal amount of calcium is suggested to 40 mEq/1 added to the diatrizoate solution but only 10 mEq/1 added to the metrizamide solution. No ECG changes due to calcium addition could be registered. The cardiac toxicity of these contrast media seem to be due to an interference with the calcium flux across the cell membrane. The effect on contractility can be recorded with the same reliability in either closed or open chest experiments.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of iopamidol, ioxaglate, and diatrizoate during coronary arteriography in dogs.

Iopamidol and ioxaglate are two new contrast media which have an osmolality approximately half that of diatrizoate for the same iodine concentration. These three contrast media were compared with each other and with Hartmann's solution during coronary arteriography in dogs using hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters in addition to coronary venous sinus sampling to measure changes in osmolality, electrolyte, and contrast media concentration. Iopamidol and ioxaglate had similar, but less toxic, effects in comparison with diatrizoate. These new contrast media may offer a reduction in the morbidity and mortality of coronary arteriography.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac function during left coronary arteriography in canines with ioxaglate, nonionic compounds, and diatrizoate.

The new contrast medium ioxaglate (P286) was compared with diatrizoate and the nonionic media metrizamide and C-29 regarding their effects on left ventricular pressure, the rate of rise in this pressure (dP/dt), stroke volume, peak aortic flow rate, and on the QT interval during left coronary arteriography in dogs. Ioxaglate and the nonionic compounds had significantly less effect on these parameters than diatrizoate. Contractility and QT time was least affected by the nonionic media, which have an osmolality similar to that of ioxaglate. This indicates that, in addition to osmolality, other properties of contrast solutions contribute to their toxic effects on the heart. Measuring contractility seems to be a more sensitive method in evaluating contrast media than measuring the performance of the heart as a pump.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1989

Positive contrast arthrography of the dog's shoulder with meglumine-sodium diatrizoate.

Different volumes with varying concentrations of meglumine-sodium diatrizoate were injected to study positive contrast shoulder arthrograms in six experimental dogs weighing 23-37 kg. The best delineation of the articular cartilage was obtained following injection of 1.5 ml of a 25% solution (185 mg iodine/joint). To visualize the bicipital tendon sheet and the different pouches of the shoulder joint, 6 ml of a 25% solution (750 mg iodine/joint) should be used. If no definite lesions are previewed, 6 ml of a 19% solution (550 mg iodine/joint) offers an acceptable compromise since with this volume and concentration no pooling of contrast medium overlapping the caudal area of the humeral head was seen. Radiographs should be obtained within 5 minutes after injection of the contrast medium. After that period the delineation of the joint structures is vaguening by absorption of the contrast medium. Repeated contrast examination with meglumine-sodium diatrizoate should be avoided. After four procedures at weekly intervals, the necropsy performed on two dogs showed inflammatory changes of the synovial membrane.

Animals↗