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PubMed2005

Weight distributions on soles of feet in the primary and early permanent dentition with normal occlusion.

This study investigated the differences of weight distribution on the sole of the feet in the primary and the early permanent dentition by the modifying Morton staticometer. The distribution of body weight in the outer forward part on soles of feet in the permanent dentition group was significantly greater than that in the primary dentition group. The distribution of body weight in the heel on soles of feet in the permanent dentition group was significantly smaller than that in the primary dentition group. These results indicated that the weight was shifted from the heels to the forefeet from primary to permanent dentition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Five-year longitudinal recordings of functional variables of the masticatory system in adolescents with intact and restored dentitions. A comparative anamnestic and clinical study.

Recordings of functional variables of the masticatory system were made in 184 subjects, 18-20 years old, 5 years after the first examination. One hundred and six subjects had restored dentitions at both examinations (group F), 35 subjects with previously intact dentitions had received fillings during the follow-up period (group FI), and 43 subjects had intact dentitions at both examinations (group I). In conformity with the first examination 5 years earlier, the subjects in group F had higher scores for dentin facets on the first lower molar. Together with the finding of more frequent attrition on the distal part of the occlusal surface of the second lower molar, this finding indicates more functional or parafunctional activity in restored dentitions. Unilateral contacts in the retruded contact position (RCP) were equally common in all three groups, but the contacts in RCP were more often located in the molar region in group F. The finding at the first examination that interference causing a lateral slide of the mandible between RCP and the intercuspal position (ICP) was commoner in restored dentitions was not confirmed in the present study. Nor did the correlation analysis show any relationship between occlusal factors and signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction. However, the differences found between subjects with intact and restored dentitions indicate that the iatrogenic effect of dental filling therapy merits more consideration and more extensive research.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Indicators of mandibular dental crowding in the mixed dentition.

PURPOSE: Dental crowding occurring in the anterior part of the mandible in the early mixed dentition has been a subject of increasing concern for child patients, their parents, and the pediatric dentist. The aim of this study was to evaluate indicators of crowding found at the primary dentition, which may lead to the future manifestation of crowding at the anterior part of the mandibular arch in the early mixed dentition. METHODS: Skeletal and dental morphological characteristics at the stage of primary dentition were compared between two groups, using dental casts and cephalograms of 23 subjects. These two groups had been formed by evaluating the degree of crowding at 9 years of age (12 normal and 11 crowded cases). RESULTS: The size of several teeth in the crowding group was significantly greater than that found in the normal group. For the cephalometric measurements, a statistically significant difference was found only in the cranial base dimension (S-SE). The stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the mesiodistal size of the maxillary primary canine, the maxillary and mandibular dental arch lengths, and the posterior cranial base length (S-Ba) were effective discriminators in separating the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that larger primary tooth size is the chief indicator in the development of dental crowding. However, the maxillary and mandibular dental arch lengths and the cranial base dimensions, especially that of the posterior cranial base length in the primary dentition, should also be considered as indicators when attempting to predict dental crowding in the early mixed dentition.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1986

[Report of inaccuracies in the study of the dentition of mammals].

After discussing the existing view points and on the base of author's own studies, the designation of premolars and molars is proposed in the deciduous and permanent dentition of placental mammals, corresponding to the function, form, and structure of the teeth. With the admittance of the molars in the deciduous dentition of mammals, the discrepancy between milk dentition of mammals and humans is eliminated. In this way, the molars of deciduous dentition appeared to be the precursors of premolars and molars of permanent dentition. The separate groups of teeth are differentiated depending on the way of life and kind of consumed food, according to position and function of the teeth in the dentition. Lacerating teeth, premolars are formed in carnivora mammals for tearing off the food, and in case of intensive masticatory function of herbivora and omnivora, very likely, from the same germs of premolars, the molars are formed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Treatment planning for the mixed dentition malocclusion--treatment and goals.

The mixed dentition stage of development may provide a useful window of opportunity to embark upon orthodontic therapy to correct an isolated malocclusion or provide preliminary treatment as a precursor to more comprehensive therapy at a later stage of the patient's physical development. As in all forms of orthodontic treatment, the planning of any correction must be carried out with care so that meaningless tooth movement can be avoided. Growth modification procedures can also be considered during this stage of development but, as this is connected intimately to increased height velocity, these procedures are most usefully carried out in the late mixed dentition, or more frequently in the early permanent dentition as this coincides more closely with peak height velocity. Several studies have suggested that approximately 20 per cent of patients presenting with a malocclusion can be treated appropriately during the mixed dentition. There would appear to be a genuine risk of falling off in cooperation levels in needed, permanent dentition treatment in many patients who have experienced one or more treatment procedures at an earlier stage in dental development. These findings reinforce the need for careful treatment planning during the mixed dentition.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1990

Some anatomical features of the periodontium of the deciduous and permanent dentition in the beagle dog.

The present study describes some anatomical characteristics of teeth and periodontal tissues in the deciduous and permanent dentition of the beagle dog. Five animals were used. At the age of 10 weeks (Period A) and 15 months (Period B), respectively, a plaque control period was initiated. At the end of each plaque control period, clinical examinations were performed. Biopsies were obtained from the 02P, 03P (Period A) and P3, P4 (Period B) tooth regions and were examined with the light microscope. Histometric and morphometric measurements were made. The macroscopic and microscopic measurements revealed that marked differences exist between the teeth and the periodontium of the deciduous and the permanent dentition. The permanent premolar erupting into the position of the deciduous premolar was found to be significantly wider and higher than its precursor. Also the shape of the crown of the permanent premolar differed from that of the deciduous premolar. The sinuous contour of the buccal gingival margin was more accentuated in the deciduous than in the permanent dentition. The free gingiva was shorter and the periodontal ligament space was wider in the deciduous than in the permanent dentition. The free gingival unit in the deciduous dentition consisted of a larger volume of epithelium and a smaller volume of connective tissue than the corresponding unit in the permanent dentition. The connective tissue of the deciduous gingiva contained a larger proportion of fibroblasts and a lower proportion of collagen fibres than the corresponding tissue of the permanent gingiva.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Morphological characteristics of dentitions developing excessive root resorption during orthodontic treatment.

The present study focuses on orthodontically provoked, excessive root resorption. The purpose was to identify in these cases common morphological features in radiographic diagnostic material taken before treatment. The material was submitted by 35 Danish orthodontists. The goal was to improve the future orthodontic diagnostics of the dentition in order to prevent severe root resorption during treatment. The study indicates that: (1) there is a strong connection between various dental morphological characteristics, such as invagination, length of root, and root shapes, especially taurodontism, and the tendency to root resorption during orthodontic treatment; (2) there is a connection between anomalies in the dentition, particularly ectopia and agenesis, and the tendency to root resorption during orthodontic treatment; (3) there seems to be a connection between the pattern of resorption in the primary dentition and the tendency to root resorption in the permanent dentition following orthodontic treatment; (4) girls are more susceptible to root resorption during orthodontic treatment than boys; (5) one ought to be on the lookout for connections between condylar changes, root resorptions, and anterior open bites in connection with orthodontic treatment. The observation regarding root resorption in dentitions in which invaginations and taurodontic root shapes occur has not previously been reported. Also, the findings of deviant resorption patterns in both the primary and permanent dentitions in a considerable number of patients are new observations, which ought to be incorporated into orthodontic treatment planning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of the effectiveness of three different methods in detection of changes in gingivitis in the primary dentition.

The pattern of distribution and development of gingivitis is different in children and adults. Also the anatomy in the primary dentition is different from that in the permanent dentition. Indices to measure gingival inflammation and changes in this condition have been designed for the permanent dentition and may not necessarily perform adequately in the primary dentition. The purpose of the present study was to assess the association between indices commonly used in adults and to compare their ability to detect changes in gingivitis in children. The correlation between the Gingival Index and percent bleeding units (scores 2 and 3) was r = 0.93, while provoked bleeding from the interdental area correlated only weakly with the two. However, the non-bleeding papilla index seemed to more effectively detect changes in the gingival condition induced by professional cleaning. Since gingivitis usually is less severe in the primary dentition than in the permanent dentition, it may be of importance to use an index with high sensitivity in studies where effect of interventions is to be evaluated in children.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Morphological study on growth process of primary dentition having distal step of the terminal plane. 1. Growth on the average].

Growth process was analyzed on the primary dentition having bilateral distal step of the terminal plane. Plaster models and cephalometrics of 32 cases were examined. They were taken in the following five developmental periods: Hellman's Dental Ages IIA, eruption of the first molars, eruption of the maxillary central incisors, eruption of the maxillary lateral incisors, and half a year past the eruption of the maxillary lateral incisors. The measurement of plaster models was taken on the mesiodistal crown diameter, the interdental spaces in the primary dentition, the traverse width of the dental arches, and the arch length. Cephalometric analysis was made on 21 linear items together with 6 proportional items, 18 angular items, and coordinates. For a control group, plaster models and cephalometrics of 12 cases having normal occlusion were also analyzed in the same areas as the examined group. These normal cases were chosen according to Kito's criteria of normal occlusion. Comparisons were made between the two groups and the results were as follows: 1. Growth process data obtained from the plaster models 1) There was no significant difference between the mesiodistal crown diameter of the two groups except in the mandibular deciduous central incisors. 2) Concerning the total interdental spaces from the primary canine to the opposite canine, the examined group showed longer spaces in the mandibular dentition (3.03 millimeters on the average) than the control group (1.83 millimeters on the average) (p less than 0.05). 3) Concerning the transverse width of the arches, in the maxillary dentition, the examined group showed a narrower width than the control group through all developmental periods (p less than 0.05), and in the mandibular dentition, the examined group showed wider intercanine width than the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the growth process of the transverse width. 4) The examined group showed a longer arch length than the control group in the mandibular dentition in the period of Dental Age IIA (p less than 0.05). 2. Growth process data obtained from cephalometrics 1) Linear growth data in the skeletal pattern (1) The examined group showed a larger dimension in the total cranial base length (N-Ar), the posterior cranial base length (S-Ar), and the posterior facial height (S-Go) than the control group through all developmental periods (p less than 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the quantitative growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1999

Structural changes of dental enamel in both dentitions of cleft lip and palate patients.

The aim of this study was to register the incidence, the location and the character of structural changes in dental morphology in cleft lip and palate patients and to examine the connection between defects of dental enamel and the development of clefts. Twenty-two children and adolescents from a cross-section study carried out in 1987/89 with cleft lip and palate patients could be covered in a second study (longitudinal study). The frequency, the extent and the location of changes of dental hard tissues in both dentitions were assessed in the form of a static and a dynamic examination. Dental enamel anomalies were found in all patients, with opacities of cleft-adjacent incisors being the dominating form of classified defects in both dentitions. In 20 of the 22 examined patients, dental enamel dysplasia was found both in the primary and in the secondary dentition. The intraindividual comparison of the maxillary teeth in both dentitions showed that 19 patients had at least 1 permanent tooth retaining the structural changes in the dental enamel. The location of the defect and the fact that both dentitions were involved reflect the moment of effectiveness of pathogenetic stimuli. Consequently this can be interpreted as the outcome of corresponding pathomechanisms both for disorders of the dental structure and for the development of the primary palate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Occlusal changes from primary to permanent dentitions.

A longitudinal study was undertaken to assess the persistence of occlusal features of the primary dentition at five years into the permanent dentition at 12 years. It was found that although there was a broad measure of predictability there was variation in detail which made forecasting unreliable in the individual patient. Generally speaking, incisal overjet and overbite changed very little between the two dentitions, but those changes which occurred were in both directions, and the direction of change could not be predicted. The sagittal relationships of the dental arch were also relatively stable, but where change occurred it tended to be in a Class II direction, with the mandibular arch becoming more retroposed in relation to the maxillary arch. The prediction of crowding of the permanent dentition from a simple count of spaces in the primary dentition, while generally reliable, was not accurate in every individual patient.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of dentition of a living wild population of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) from Beza Mahafaly, Madagascar.

Detailed descriptions of the dentition of many strepsirhine primate taxa are rare, despite their importance in understanding primate evolutionary biology. While several researchers have provided detailed morphological descriptions of ring-tailed lemur dentition (e.g., Schwartz and Tattersall [1985] Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Anthropol. Pap. 60:1-100; Tattersall and Schwartz [1991] Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Anthropol. Pap. 69:2-18), there are few studies (e.g., Eaglen [1986] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 71:185-201) that present quantitative data on the dentition of this species. Furthermore, prior analyses were based on museum specimens from various populations and locations. We present here quantitative and morphological data on the dentition of a population of wild Lemur catta from Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. Measurements were made on dental casts (n = 39) taken from living members of this L. catta population. Our analysis indicates that no significant (P > 0.05) sexual dimorphism exists for the 30 dental measurements collected. These data support the generalizations (e.g., Plavcan and van Schaik [1994] Evol. Anthropol. 2:208-214; Kappeler [1996] J. Evol. Biol. 9:43-65) that little sexual dimorphism in dentition exists among Malagasy strepsirhines. In addition, the overall patterns of metric variation in this sample compare favorably with patterns seen among other primates, e.g., premolar measurements varying more than molars (e.g., Gingerich [1974] J. Paleontol. 48:895-903). However, there is a degree of intraspecific morphological variation indicated, with one of the morphological traits discussed in other studies as being species-specific for L. catta (absence of P(4) metaconids) observed to vary between specimens. Because the patterns of variation seen in this sample are from a known breeding population, the data presented here provide an important reference for interpreting and understanding the fossil record.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Individual overbite behavior between the deciduous and permanent dentition].

Manuals and relevant publications give rise to the impression that the formation of the overbite in the incisor region throughout its development is a process easy to overlook. Impressions of 108 cases were taken, one of the deciduous dentition and one of the permanent dentition 13 years later. A mathematic-statistical analysis of objective measurable morphological dentition criteria were made and discussed. This shows that neither from the degree of overbite nor from any other feature of the deciduous dentition a prognosis concerning the extent of the final overbite of the permanent dentition can be derived. Changes throughout the development of the overbite are predominant. There are only little correlative coherencies among the morphological symptoms that can be applied quickly and easily for the prognosis in the clinical inspection. For estimating the development tendency longterm individualized observations are necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Individual variability in the duration of the second phase of the mixed dentition].

With a collection of dental casts from a longitudinal study of 175 orthodontically untreated probands (100 children without and 75 children with premature loss of deciduous molars and/or canines) serving as a base, the duration of the second period of mixed dentition was determined to be in relation to the probands the period of time between the gingival emergence of the first permanent buccal tooth and the full eruption of the set of teeth. The second period of mixed dentition in boys without premature loss of deciduous molars and canines lasts on an average 3.6 +/- 1.1 years and in girls 3.8 +/- 1.0 years. In cases of premature loss of deciduous molars and/or canines, the period of dentition is distinctly longer than under normal development conditions. The outside parameters (boys: Xmin = 0.9 years, Xmax = 6.2 years; girls: Xmin = 2.6 years, Xmax = 8.6 years), reflect a high degree of variability. The duration of the second period of mixed dentition is significantly affected by "the point in time of inception" and by the criteria "morphologically intact support zones" and "premature loss of deciduous molars and/or canines". Even given such data, however, it is not possible to make a sufficiently reliable prediction on an individual basis of the duration of the dentition.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Prediction of mandibular incisor and canine crowding changes in the mixed dentition.

To test the hypothesis that preeruptive tooth positions and dental arch parameters might forecast crowding changes, a sample of 47 aboriginal children (26 males, 21 females) was selected stringently on the basis of Class 1 characteristics and an untreated dentition unaffected by caries or attrition. Crowding scores, radiographic relationships of 765E, and dental arch dimensions were evaluated for the mixed dentition (Stage 1, 8.91 +/- 1.05 years) and earliest emergence of the permanent dentition (Stage 2, 12.48 +/- 0.97 years). Changes between the stages were calculated and the sample was divided into two groups, according to an increase (Group 1) or decrease (Group 2) in incisor and canine crowding. Multivariate and multiple regression analyses were used to identify predictors (Stage 1 radiographic and dental arch parameters) of incisor and canine crowding behavior. Dental arch form and tooth size were important factors in measuring the amount of incisor or canine crowding at Stage 1 and Stage 2. Neither the radiographic nor the dental arch predictors proved useful in forecasting crowding changes. Group 2 dental arches tended to be initially narrower, shallower, and more crowded; however, they showed greater molar and canine width expansion and lessened arch depth reduction than Group 1 cases. Many cases showed a reduction in canine crowding from mixed to permanent dentition. This appeared to be largely independent of the observed incisor crowding. Sexual, racial, and individual variations in dentofacial pattern reinforce the need to carefully consider interceptive extraction or space-regaining therapy for each patient because of the unpredictability of crowding behavior during the transition from mixed to permanent dentition.

Australia↗
PubMed1996

The prevalence of developmental anomalies of teeth and their association with tooth size in the primary and permanent dentitions of 1650 Japanese children.

The prevalence of microdontia, macrodontia, peg-shaped tooth, Carabelli's tubercle, protostylid, paramolar tubercle, central tubercle and palatal accessory cusp were examined in Japanese children. This study included 905 children with primary dentitions (mean age 4 years 7 months) and 745 high-school students with permanent dentitions (mean age 16 years 8 months). Microdontia, macrodontia, Carabelli's tubercle, protostylid and paramolar tubercle were more frequent in the primary dentition, whereas peg-shaped tooth, central tubercle and palatal accessory cusp were more frequent in the permanent dentition. The association between the presence of developmental anomalies and the size of the remaining teeth was significant in permanent dentitions. Both the literature and this study indicate that developmental anomalies of tooth number, size and morphology should be studied as a group rather than as isolates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Five-year longitudinal study of adolescents with intact and restored dentitions: signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and functional recordings.

Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and functional recordings were re-examined in subjects, 19-21 years of age, 5 years after the first examination. Thirty-seven subjects had restored dentitions at both examinations (group F), 13 subjects with previously intact dentitions had had fillings in their teeth during the follow-up period (group FI), and 14 subjects had intact dentitions at both examinations (group I). In agreement with the first examination, the subjects with restored dentitions had a higher degree and frequency of TMD than the subjects with intact teeth. Most of the symptoms were mild, but more severe symptoms were reported by the subjects in group F, and female subjects in group F had more signs than male subjects. The subjects who had received fillings during the follow-up period (group FI) constituted a group intermediate between group F and group I with regard to signs and symptoms of TMD. Frequent parafunction and more attrition were more common in group F. Together with the finding of increased muscle tenderness, this indicates more functional activity in restored dentitions. Correlation analysis did not reveal any relationship between occlusal factors and TMD. The findings of this study are consistent with those of the earlier investigation. Dental filling therapy appears to be an aetiological factor in TMD worthy of more consideration and more extensive research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Characteristics of protrusive and lateral excursions of the mandible in children with the primary dentition.

This study characterizes the mandibular protrusive and lateral excursions of children with primary dentition. With use of a Selspot system, the protrusive and lateral excursions of nine children with the primary dentition and nine adults with the permanent dentition were measured and compared. This system was able to analyse the simultaneous movements of multiple points on the mandible of a subject in three dimensions. Furthermore, the system proved appropriate for use in young children because of the small burden imposed on them during the measurements. Using this subject-friendly system, the directions of the mandibular excursion for five reference points on the mandibular dental arch at each measurement distance (i.e. at 0.5 mm intervals) for three projected angles (frontal, sagittal and horizontal) were calculated. From the results it was found that the excursions of the primary dentition can move more horizontally and more forward with small descent compared with the permanent dentition. The underlying reason for these findings may be physiological growth, maturation, and adaptation of the occlusal function.

Adult↗