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PubMed2001

Studies on the development of DNA vaccine against Cysticercus cellulosae infection and its efficacy.

DNA vaccine against Cysticercus cellulosae infection was developed and its efficacy was tested. A pair of primers specific to antigen B gene of C. cellulosae was designed which amplified the gene successfully with RT-PCR. The gene was ligated to PV93 vector, and the recombinant of antigen B gene and PV93 was transformed to JM83 cells. The transformed JM83 cells were cultured in a large scale and the plasmid purified. Based on the recombinant plasmid. a DNA vaccine was developed and used to vaccinate two groups of experimental pigs. In each group, there was a routine vaccine, an enhanced vaccine and a control group. Groups 1 and 2 were challenged at 4 months and at 14 days post vaccination respectively with eggs of Taenia solium. The antibody response was also tested with ELISA. The results suggested that all animals vaccinated AgB gene DNA vaccine, no matter by routine or enhanced vaccine, their antibodies reached maximum peak 23 days post vaccination and decreased gradually. When the animals were challenged 4 months after vaccination, they had strong immunity and the parasites decrease rates were 91.2% and 93.1% respectively. When pigs vaccinated with AgB gene DNA vaccine were challenged 14 days post vaccination with 18,000 eggs/pig. The animals showed strong immunity and the parasite decrease rates were 99.5% and 84.9% respectively. However at that time, the antibodies did not reach the peak. While in the control group, the number of C. cellulosae was as many as 2,500. It was concluded that the pigs vaccinated with DNA vaccine had strong immunity against infection of eggs of T. solium.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Histochemistry of the parenchyma of Cysticercus bovis.

The contents of mucosubstances, proteins and lipids, and the activity of several enzymes were studied in the parenchyma of the bladder wall and the invaginated portion of Cysticercus bovis aged 108 days. The parenchyma of both parts contained a large amount of glycogen and minute bodies with a high activity of acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. By contrast to older larvae, the young larvae contained a minute amount of hydrophobic lipids. The rostellum was developed and similar to the suckers contained glycogen.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Construction of DNA vaccine including a chimeric gene encoding Cysticercus cellulosae antigen and porcine interleukin-4].

AIM: To construct a fusion expression vector for DNA vaccine including porcine interleukin-4(IL-4) and antigen cC1 to enhance the protective immunity of Cysticercus cellulosae antigen cC1. METHODS: The cDNA fragments encoding porcine IL-4 and cC1 were amplified respectively by PCR and the fused. The obtained chimeric gene IL-4cC1 contained a synthetic linker of ten amino acids and the sequence surrounding its 5' AUG initiatory codon was changed to optimized translational initiation. RESULTS: Identified by restriction enzyme analysis, an insert fragment of 1.5 kb was demonstrated. It had the same sequence as reported and designed by DNA sequencing analysis. CONCLUSION: A fusion expression plasmid containing porcine IL-4 and cC1 was constructed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Immunostimulatory activity elicited by CpG sequences in Cysticercus cellulosae paramyosin cDNA].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the immunostimulatory activity of CpG sequences in cysticercus cellulosae paramyosin (also named Antigen B, AgB) cDNA. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were immunized with pcDNA3-AgB plasmid, pcDNA3-AgB' (CpG sequences were mutated), pcDNA3 or AgB protein and two weeks later, immune response was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: IgG and IgG2a were detectable at week 2 after immunization and continually increased until week 4. The antibody levels elicited by pcDNA3-AgB were significantly higher(P < 0.05) than those elicited by others. CONCLUSION: After pcDNA3-AgB plasmid inoculation, the immune response of mouse was elicited not only by the AgB protein but also by the CpG immunostimulatory sequences in the AgB cDNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of cysticercus extract, cyst fluid and Taenia saginata extract for use in ELISA for serodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis.

Cysticercus cellulosae extract (CS), cyst fluid (CF), and an extract of Taenia saginata adult worm (TS) were evaluated for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis in Thai patients. ELISA sensitivity was found to be 78.13%, 81.25% and 62.50%, respectively. False positivity was 6.66% with CS and 0% with other antigens. CF gave positivity with a pooled visceral gnathostomiasis serum and 3 of 10 (30%) of angiostrongyliasis sera. CS produced weakly positive ELISA with pooled opisthorchiasis and visceral gnathostomiasis sera. TS gave weak positive ELISA with a pooled opisthorchiasis serum. It was concluded that CF was the best antigen for use in ELISA for serodiagnosis of human neurocysticercosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

New solitary cysticercus granulomas causing recurrent symptoms in patients with resolved solitary granulomas.

Recurrence of symptoms in a patient with a resolved solitary cerebral cysticercus granuloma (SCCG) is uncommon. Recurrent seizures in these patients are generally attributed to an epileptogenic scar or calcific residue of the granuloma. We report two patients with recurrent seizures and one patient with headache; all three patients were previously diagnosed to have SCCG and had complete resolution of the granuloma on follow-up imaging. Computed tomography (CT) at the time of recurrent symptoms showed a SCCG at a site different from the initial lesion, but in the same cerebral hemisphere in all the three patients. Since a new lesion can cause recurrent symptoms in patients with a resolved SCCG, repeat imaging should be performed in all these patients. We also postulate that recurrent cysticercal lesions in patients who have previously had a SCCG, tend to be solitary.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Fine structure of a racemose cysticercus from human brain.

The surface of a racemose cysticercus from the human brain was studied by scanning electron microscopy and the tegument of the cyst by transmission electron microscopy. The surface of the larva is covered by microvilli of uniform shape and size. The glycocalyx of the microvilli bears knotlike areas positive for acid mucopolysaccharides. Microvilli are interconnected by a fine, electron-dense network. The tegumental and subtegumental tissues vary in thickness from one region to the next, and the tissues below the vesicular layer are scattered irregularly, in a seemingly disordered manner.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Molecular cloning of a protein antigen gene of Cysticercus cellulosae].

OBJECTIVE: To immunoscreen one protein antigen gene from a cDNA library of Cysticercus cellulosae. METHODS: A eDNA library of C. cellulosae was constructed after cDNA was synthesized, and immunoscreened using rabbit anti-C. cellulosae polyclone antibody. The gene structure and its possible function were analyzed by comparing with the sequences available in the GenBank, after the insert of positive clone was subcloned to pBluescript SK plasmid and the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was determined by dideoxynucleotide chain termination method using a Taq DyeDeoxy Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit. The amino acid sequence was deduced from nucleotide sequence using GENETYX software. Homological search of the nucleotide sequences was done using BLAST in GenBank. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A cDNA clone of 1320 bp was isolated. The clone contained one open reading frame composed of 1260 bp encoding 420 amino acids, in which two potential glycosylation sites were found. The partial nucleotide sequence of the gene fragment showed high homology with the essential spectrin gene of Caenorhabditis elegans and the erythrocyte surface antigen gene of Plasmodium falciparum, when the gene fragment was homologically analyzed in GenBank.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

[Adjuvant effect of CpG DNA recombinant plasmid on antigen of Cysticercus cellulosae].

In order to prove the adjuvant effect of CpG DNA recombinant plasmid, the total antibodies and their IgG2a subtype induced by antigen of Cysticercus cellulosae, and content of IL-4 and IFN-gamma secreted from splenic cell of mouse immunized were measured. The recombinant plasmids showed an adjuvant effect, and CpG2 was the best adjuvant among the plasmids. It is proved that the CpG DNA possesses a synergistic effect with AI(OH)3 and 206 adjuvant, and is an effective Th1 type adjuvant in mice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2006

[Cysticercus tenuicollis infection in a goat farm].

An outbreak of acute cysticercosis occurred in six female goats 2-4 years old and three 50 days old kids from a goat farm in northern Italy. Goats were usually recovered in stable with an outdoor paddock. Post-mortem examination showed a massive infection of Taenia hydatigena larvae in the liver, lungs and on the peritoneum. All recovered Cysticercus tenuicollis were at immature stage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Antigenic analysis of Cysticercus cellulosae by crossed immunoelectrophoresis & its role in immune diagnosis of neurocysticercosis.

The antigenic composition of Cysticercus cellulosae cysts excised from infected pig and autopsied human brain was analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with an intermediate gel technique using rabbit hyperimmune serum. Normal pork muscle and human brain antigen were used to differentiate parasite derived components from that of host. Attempts were made to look for the rich source of parasitic immunodominant antigens by analysing preparations of different parts of cyst namely scolex and fluid using rabbit hyperimmune serum. Twenty three antigenic components were identified in sonicate extract of porcine cyst, of which 15 were parasite derived. On comparison with antigens of whole cyst sonicate, scolex showed 10, cyst fluid 9 and human cyst sonicate 11 parasite derived antigens. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neurocysticercotic patients reacted with 12 parasite derived antigens of porcine cyst sonicate (PCS) in a heterogenous manner. It was also noticed that human cyst sonicate (HCS) lacked 4 of the parasite derived antigens present in the PCS.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Scanning electron microscopic representation of the tegument of the cysticercus of Taenia saginata].

By scanning electron microscopy we found heteromorph microtriches in the tegumental surface of the praeadult and its bladder. But this polymorphism is caused by three unimorph parts, namely the head region, the midbody and the bladder. The types of microtriches are heterogeneous in regard to the shape (from conical to cylindrical), the size (from 0.37 to 4.5 micron in length and 0.055 to 0.092 micron in diameter) and the density (from 6.3 to 25 microtriches/micron 2). An attempt was made to determine the relative increase in the tegumental surface of the cysticercus of T. saginata. The relation of actual surface area to a corresponding area without microtriches is OF = nA + 1/1 - nB. In this study, the factor of the increase in the tegumental surface (OF) ranged from the head region (6.3x) to the midbody (1.4x -1.7x) and the bladder (21x). By transmission electron microscopy fine threads were demonstrated in the apical surface of the microtriches. These fine threads raised the adhesive function of the microtriches in the course of the infection of the final host as well as in the migration in the digestive tract. A relation between shape, size and density of the microtriches and the body volume is postulated.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Fractionation and characterisation of the cysticercus of Taenia solium.

Fractionation by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 of a saline extract of Cysticercus cellulosae scolex antigen yielded three distinct fractions associated with distinct peaks. These fractions were analysed by double immunodiffusion (DID) and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP). The three peaks gave five, four and three antigenic determinants, respectively, by DID with homologous hyperimmune rabbit serum. However, the same serum gave nine antigenic determinants of scolex antigen by DID and 11 components by IEP. The IEP demonstrated seven and five antigenic components in the first two peaks. The first peak gave a stronger reaction in indirect haemagglutination than the others. There were common antigenic components in C cellulosae and C tenuicollis antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Observations on Cysticercus cellulosae in the flesh of rural dogs.

Out of a total of 150 carcases of rural dogs examined in Eastern Nigeria, 4 (2.7%) had Cysticercus cellulosae in the heart, tongue, thigh muscles and liver. Visual examination, palpation and multiple serial incision technique were used in locating the cysts. The cysts uncovered were collected in specimen bottles and transported in ice to the laboratory for morphologic assessment. The ages and sexes of the dogs were also recorded. Viable cysts were found only in young dogs. Environmental pollution with human excreta predisposes dogs to cysticercal infection. Thus environmental sanitation and health education should be an ongoing exercise for successful control of cysticercosis in dogs.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

A case report of cysticercosis caused by Cysticercus longicollis, a larval form of Taenia crassiceps in a woodchuck (Marmota monax).

Cysticercosis was found in one of 18 woodchucks imported from the United States and maintained in our laboratory for study of hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The lesions found in subcutaneous area, lungs and maxillary sinus were multiple cysts containing numerous cysticerci identified as Cysticercus longicollis, a larval form of Taenia crassiceps.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pathology of experimental Cysticercus bovis infection in the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus Linné, 1758).

In the present study, the tissue reaction of the brain, skeletal muscles and heart in experimental C. bovis infection of the reindeer is described. There is non-purulent cysticercal leptomeningites with formation of multinucleate symplasms in the cerebral meninges, and lymphocytic encephalitis in the superficial layers of the cerebral cortex. The tissue reaction around the morphologically differentiated cysticercus in the meningeal location is similar to that in muscle cysticercosis of cattle. In muscles and heart, larvae die very soon after infection and they are resorbed in the course of formation of fibroplastic granulation tissue around them. C. bovis reaches the infective stage in cerebral localization only. The authors suppose that this phenomenon is due to a certain degree of immunological tolerance in the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A survey of Cysticercus bovis (measles) infestation in cattle sent for slaughter to Botswana Meat Commission (BMC). A ten years retrospective study--1974-1983.

For the past ten years Cysticercus bovis (measles) infestation has proved to be on the increase in most parts of Botswana; this has been demonstrated by an incidence of 12-15% which represents a loss of up to five million pula (P1.00 = US $0.68) in detained and/or condemned carcasses per year. The losses caused by this disease will increase tremendously as the major markets for Botswana beef will soon stop accepting beef that has been frozen due to he disease. In the past fifteen years it is believed that the incidence was only at 2.0%. Table 1 shows the increase in incidence in different parts of the country according to veterinary interzonal areas, and figure 2 shows the increase patterns of the condition throughout the ten years of study. It appears there is a strong relationship between the disease and climate, the increase in incidence seem to be prominent during the drought. This could be so especially due to a very high cattle-human contact because it is during this period that there is competition for water sources between livestock and human-beings in most parts of this country. Data from the export abattoir, the Botswana Meat Commission (BMC) was analysed and this incidence increase is documented in the text of this paper. Visits to areas as categorised were undertaken to assess the management systems and to observe possible climatic factors which could be tied to this problem.

Abattoirs↗