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PubMed2003

Genetic diversity among accessions of an ancient olive variety of Cyprus.

To evaluate germplasm variability and to discriminate between accessions of 'Ladolia', an ancient olive variety of Cyprus, different accessions from a germplasm collection were screened with 11 selected oligonucleotide primers in RAPD-PCRs. A total of 49 polymorphic markers were scored, the combination of which resulted in 70 distinct electrophoretic patterns. Based on either unique or combined patterns, all accessions were identified. Seven genotype-specific markers were detected. One RAPD marker could distinguish accessions according to fruit size. Genetic similarities between accessions, estimated using the Dice similarity coefficient, indicated a high degree of genetic diversity among 'Ladolia' accessions. Genetic relationships were estimated by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) and principal components analysis (PCA). Three main groups of accessions were detected. The first group was generally composed of accessions with small-sized fruits and could be further divided into two subgroups. According to PCA, most accessions with medium- or large-sized fruits were clustered together. Our results support previous observations suggesting that 'Ladolia' is actually a highly variable mixture of genetically distinct landraces.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Swedish UN soldiers in Cyprus, UNFICYP: their psychological and social situation.

Two Swedish rifle batallions serving as UN soldiers in Cyprus (UNFICYP) have been investigated with respect to their demographic background and motives for application for UN service. The comparison of symptoms of stress in general, of posttraumatic stress disorder specifically, and some other variables of reaction with various studies of Swedish UN soldiers in different settings has given the following results. Very few interviewees experienced 'personal nervous breakdown' (0.5%). The soldiers reported in general very few psychological or psychosomatic complaints in the short time perspective. There seemed, however, to be two groups of persons at risk, namely those who were repatriated and those with a high consumption of alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Symptom formations and character changes due to upheavals of war: examples from Cyprus.

This article offers a review of the psychoanalytic and psychiatric literature on symptom formation and individual and collective character changes triggered by war or by similarly violent civil upheaval. It is suggested that each such event should be studied by itself since many different circumstances can bring man to acts of aggression. The effects of the war on Cyprus, where group narcissism developed to compensate for hurt, constitute a case example of such focused study.

Aggression↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of macrolide resistance genes among staphylococci in Cyprus.

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the frequency of macrolide-resistant staphylococci in Cyprus and to examine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of these isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution method and the macrolide resistance determinants were detected by PCR. The relatedness among the isolates was examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Ninety-six (67.61%) of the 142 Staphylococcus aureus and 19 (59.4%) of the 32 coagulase-negative staphylococci were resistant to erythromycin. Among the 115 erythromycin-resistant staphylococci, 70 expressed the MLSB-inducible phenotype, 38 the MLSB-constitutive, and 7 the MS. The predominant genes associated with macrolide resistance were the ermA for S. aureus and the ermC for coagulase-negative staphylococci, detected in 90.62% and 47.37% of the isolates respectively. Dissemination of one clone carrying the ermA gene accounted for macrolide resistance in the majority of S. aureus isolates.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of control programmes for echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Cyprus.

In Cyprus, echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus) was an important public and animal health problem until the 1970s. In 1971, the Department of Veterinary Services instigated a control programme, which was based on an island model, using arecoline testing, euthanasia of positive dogs, control of dog breeding, elimination of stray dogs and control measures in slaughterhouses. The first programme ended in 1985 with excellent results and E. granulosus was considered to have been eradicated from both the definitive hosts (dogs) and the intermediate hosts (livestock). However, surveillance from 1985 to 1993 demonstrated that the life-cycle of E. granulosus was continuing at very low levels. Control measures were therefore reintroduced in 1993. The second programme commenced in 1993 and was based on surveillance of intermediate hosts, control of infected flocks, and testing and treatment of owned and stray dogs in infected areas. A continental model was employed for the second programme, due to the division of the island in 1974. The experience gained from the two programme is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Incidence of sand fly fever among Swedish United Nations soldiers on Cyprus during 1985.

Members of a Swedish United Nations (UN) battalion of 362 soldiers were bled just before and immediately after their 6 month tour of duty in Cyprus during 1985. Sera were tested for presence of specific antibodies to sand fly fever (SF) Sicilian, SF Naples, and Toscana viruses by both indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFT) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Of 298 serum pairs available, seroconversion was noted in 11 soldiers: 7 cases for SF Sicilian, 3 for SF Naples, and 1 for Toscana virus. IFT and PRNT revealed identical results. Seroconversion was associated with clinical disease in 7 out of 7, 2 out of 3, and 0 out of 1 for SF Sicilian, SF Naples, and Toscana infections, respectively. Virus isolation was attempted on acute-phase sera collected from febrile patients. Of 5 such acute-phase sera from patients with serologically verified SF, virus was recovered from 2: 1 strain of SF Sicilian virus and 1 strain of SF Naples virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Isolation and characterization of two novel organophosphate resistance mechanisms in Culex pipiens from Cyprus.

Two novel mechanisms of organophosphate resistance were isolated and characterized from a population of Culex pipiens L. from Cyprus. Two strains, one expressing the novel, highly active esterases A5 and B5 (strain A5B5-R), and one expressing insensitive acetylcholinesterase (strain Ace-R), were developed by single pair crosses and selection with temephos and propoxur, respectively. The A5B5-R strain demonstrated resistance toward organophosphate insecticides that could be suppressed by the esterase inhibitor S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF). No cross-resistance to carbamates occurred. The Ace-R strain demonstrated resistance to organophosphate as well as to carbamate insecticides. Propoxur and temephos resistance was not affected by the monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide or by DEF. The Ace-R strain possessed a novel toxicologic profile as well as a unique acetylcholinesterase inhibition pattern. Inheritance of temephos or propoxur resistance was codominant in F1 offspring. Backcrosses to a susceptible strain in both cases failed to fit a single gene model, suggesting that multiple loci may be involved. Combining the A5B5-R and the Ace-R strains resulted in high levels of temephos resistance, similar to that of the parents.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1990

The relative impact of demographic change on future social expenditure increases: an example from Cyprus.

"Taking the case of Cyprus, the authors examine the likely implications for social expenditure, under various scenarios of benefit and cost increases, of projected population changes up to the year 2020. The increased expenditure resulting solely from demographic changes could be easily absorbed if unit costs remain unchanged or rise no faster than overall productivity, but not if recent rapid increases in unit costs and in services continue."

Asia↗
PubMed2004

The nursing leadership program. The Cyprus experience--a tale of two cultures.

Implementing a leadership program in a distant and culturally unique country poses numerous challenges and a terrific opportunity to develop cultural awareness and competence. The political history of Cyprus provides a context for understanding the delicate balance that Duke University School of Nursing faculty had to maintain throughout the offering of a leadership program that was funded through a United States Congressional program of Economic Support Funds (ESF). Although participants were all nurses and all Cypriots, they represented two very different cultures, languages, governments, and health care systems. These differences had to be addressed on every level, ranging from the food served and the language spoken in the conference to the need for impartiality when working with participants.

Culture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multicentre surveillance of antibiotic resistance in nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus in Cyprus.

Four general hospitals in Cyprus evaluated the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in positive cultures of staphylococci among inpatients from September 1999 to March 2000. One hundred and ninety three (193) strains were isolated from cultures of respiratory secretions, skin and mucous membrane lesions, blood and urine. Of the S. aureus strains studied, 80 (41.45%) were MRSA and 113 (58.55%) were methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). More than 78.75% of the MRSA were resistant to erythromycin and 18.75% to gentamicin. Of the MSSA, 17.69% were resistant to erythromycin and 7.08% to gentamicin. None of the MRSA and MSSA strains showed reduced sensitivity to vancomycin.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2006

Survival of medically treated thalassemia patients in Cyprus. Trends and risk factors over the period 1980-2004.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A large number of patients with thalassemia major have been born and treated exclusively in Cyprus. They have been managed according to standard international practice, but few have been transplanted. In 1999, a combination chelation regime with desferrioxamine and deferiprone was introduced. We analyzed survival trends in Cypriots and tried to identify factors associated with prolonged survival. DESIGN AND METHODS: We had incomplete information on births pre-1974 and complete information from 1974 onwards. Clinical data were incomplete pre-1980 and complete thereafter. We analyzed data on 539 patients born after 1960 and followed over the period 1980 to the end of 2004. RESULTS: There were 58 deaths, 31 (53.4%) of which where due to cardiac causes. In the complete birth cohort of 284 patients born after 1974, survival (95% CI) at 10, 20 and 30 years was 100% (0); 98.5% (96.1-99.4) and 92.7% (86.7-96.1) respectively. There was a significant trend of increasing cardiac deaths between 1980 and 2000 (p<0.001) and a decline after 2000 (p=0.06). In multivariate survival analysis, protective effects were found for female sex (hazard ratio, 0.37, 95% CI 0.21-0.66; p<0.001), and post-2000 follow-up (hazard ratio, 0.44, 95% CI 0.20-0.99; p<0.05), but not for genotype, treatment center or birth cohort. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Most patients born after 1974 survive to at least the age of 30. There has been a marked improvement in survival for patients of all ages since 2000, which may be due to the introduction of combination chelation therapy.

Cyprus↗
PubMed1989

Mesothelioma in Cyprus.

For many years, the main source of asbestos in Cyprus was thought to be the chrysotile mine in the central mountains. When a woman, who had no connection with the mine, developed mesothelioma, it was surprising to discover tremolite asbestos bodies within her lung. However, further studies have shown that tremolite occurs as a contaminant within the chrysotile ore body. In this study we have shown that both chrysotile and tremolite can be found in domestic and environmental samples throughout the mountain region; in particular, numerous fine fibres of both materials are present in stucco. Preliminary radiological studies have shown pleural disease in the village population and 5 out of 13 known cases of mesothelioma have arisen in persons unconnected with the mine. This suggests an environmental contribution to asbestos-related disease on the island.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1981

A comparison of the treatment of otitis externa with 'Otosporin' and aluminium acetate: a report from a services practice in Cyprus.

We studied 126 cases of otitis externa among the population of a British forces base in Cyprus during one season. The causes of infection, the infective agents involved and the treatment of the observed cases in general practice are discussed. The patients were treated with either antibiotic/steroid ear drops (;Otosporin') or with aluminium acetate ear drops. We found no significant difference between the two.

Acetates↗
PubMed1998

Anopheles (malaria) eradication in Cyprus.

The island of Cyprus was suffering for many years from malaria fever. It was only in 1946 when a well organised Anopheles eradication campaign started. For this purpose the Anopheles Eradication Service was formed. Until 1949 this Service worked on Mosquito Eradication. An official announcement about the success of this Campaign was made on January 10th, 1950.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The history of the ox warble fly in Cyprus.

The eradication of ox warble fly from Cyprus is described. Initially, the major part of the eradication consisted of dressing every bovine animal with derris at monthly intervals between December and May (inclusive), but in the final and critical stages when the level of infestation had fallen to 0-2 per cent, it was found that the most efficient and economical approach was to offer a financial reward to any stock-owner reporting the presence of warble fly.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Copper and lead bioaccumulation by Acacia retinoides and Eucalyptus torquata in sites contaminated as a consequence of extensive ancient mining activities in Cyprus.

Aspects of the industrial archaeology of the northwestern part of the island of Cyprus are outlined. Wastes resultant from copper mining activities of approximately two millennia ago continue to exert an important influence on organisms. Detailed chemical analysis of two tree species growing on archaeologically important metalliferous spoil tips has indicated their ability to bioaccumulate heavy metals and sulfur primarily from the substratum; the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of lead and sulfur are particularly marked in both Acacia and Eucalyptus. The concentrations of elements in different parts of the two tree species are discussed and partitioning is noted together with the fact that while the pod of Acacia and the fruit capsule of Eucalyptus may have an enhanced metal loading, the values in the seeds are much reduced; the importance of this is discussed. The seeds of Acacia differ chemically from those of Eucalyptus. The importance of these plants as biomonitors of environmental quality is noted.

Acacia↗
PubMed1989

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus.

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.

Journal Article↗