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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Traditional Crow Indian health beliefs and practices. Toward a grounded theory.

An important element in American Indian cultures is a holistic view of wellness. Nurses attempting to provide holistic, culturally sensitive health services to American Indian clients must assess the cultural orientation of their clients and have culture-specific knowledge. A pilot qualitative study was conducted at the Crow Indian Reservation in south central Montana. Qualitative analysis of data identified categories of traditional contemporary health practices of Crow Indians. These categories are use of rituals/ceremonies, indigenous healers, and sacred objects. Five patterns of use of traditional health practices were also discovered. These are (a) initial use of traditional practices followed by modern health services, (b) initial use of modern health services followed by traditional practices, (c) simultaneous bicultural use, (d) traditional use only, and (e) modern use only.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Vascularization of the pineal gland in the crow.

The blood vascularization in the pineal gland of the crow was investigated in detail using a vascular corrosion cast technique and by scanning electron microscopy. The pineal gland received two afferent arteries on either side, each artery arising from the A. cerebralis caudalis (CC) which supplied its branches to the hemisphere. The pineal gland of the crow was so highly vascularized as to be suggestive of its high metabolic and endocrine activities. The efferent veins drained into the Sinus occipitalis and the Sinus sagittalis dorsalis. There was a direct vascular connection between capillaries of the stalk of the gland and those of the Plexus choroideus.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from city-living crows captured in a zoo.

To study the distribution of pathogenic Yersinia in city-living birds, 145 wild jungle crows were captured in a zoo between June, 1992 and April, 1993. Although pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica was not isolated, Y. pseudotuberculosis belonging to serovar 4b was independently isolated from 7 caecal contents, respectively. All 7 isolates were positive on temperature-dependent autoagglutination and had a 70 Kb large plasmid. The plasmid DNAs from the 7 strains had the same BamHI digestion pattern. These results suggest that the wild crows in a zoo are one of the possible reservoirs of Yersinia.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Use of number by crows: investigation by matching and oddity learning.

Hooded crows were trained in two-alternative simultaneous matching and oddity tasks with stimulus sets of three different categories: color (black and white), shape (Arabic Numerals 1 and 2, which were used as visual shapes only), and number of elements (arrays of one and two items). These three sets were used for training successively and repeatedly; the stimulus set was changed to the next one after the criterion (80% correct or better over 30 consecutive trials) was reached with the previous one. Training was continued until the criterion could be reached within the first 30 to 50 trials for each of the three training sets. During partial transfer tests, familiar stimuli (numerals and arrays in the range from 1 to 2) were paired with novel ones (numerals and arrays in the range from 3 to 4). At the final stage of testing only novel stimuli were presented (numerals and arrays in the range from 5 to 8). Four of 6 birds were able to transfer in these tests, and their performance was significantly above chance. Moreover, performance of the birds on the array stimuli did not differ from their performance on the color or shape stimuli. They were capable of recognizing the number of elements in arrays and comparing the stimuli by this attribute. It was concluded that crows were able to apply the matching (or oddity) concept to stimuli of numerical category.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Cementless total hip arthroplasty and limb-length equalization in patients with unilateral Crowe type-IV hip dislocation.

BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty in patients with unilateral congenital high dislocation of the hip (Crowe type IV) presents many challenges, including the problem of a marked limb-length discrepancy. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the results of total hip replacement with limb-length equalization in these patients. METHODS: From 1988 to 1996, fifty-six patients (forty-seven women and nine men) with unilateral Crowe type-IV dislocation of the hip were treated with a cementless total hip arthroplasty at a mean age of 35.4 years. The preoperative limb-length discrepancy averaged 4.9 cm. Prior to the total hip arthroplasty, forty-eight patients with a limb-length discrepancy of >4.0 cm underwent iliofemoral distraction with use of an external fixator for eight to seventeen days. The acetabular cup was placed in the anatomical position in every patient. Shortening femoral osteotomies were not required. RESULTS: The iliac fixator pins loosened in six patients. No patient had a pin-site infection, hip joint infection, or nerve palsy. At the time of follow-up, at an average of 147.2 months, the Harris hip score averaged 90.2 points. Overall, the mean lengthening after the total hip arthroplasty was 4.6 cm. There were no revisions of the femoral stem. Nine cups were revised, four because of polyethylene wear and five because of loosening. CONCLUSIONS: We were able to safely place the acetabular cup at the anatomical position without femoral shortening by bringing the femoral head to the normal level preoperatively; thus, we could restore nearly normal limb length. We believe that our twelve-year results are similar to those of total hip arthroplasty in patients without dysplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An autopsy case of Crow-Fukase syndrome which developed 18 years after the first manifestation of plasmacytoma.

A 57-yr-old woman developed Crow-Fukase syndrome 18 yr after resection of plasmacytoma of the rib. Irradiation applied to the relapsed plasmacytoma and systemic chemotherapy alleviated symptoms and signs, but the tumor relapsed in the unirradiated cervical lymph node and she died of Pseudomonas pneumonia during chemotherapy 3 yr after diagnosis. Biopsy of the lymph node revealed proliferation of IgG-lambda-positive atypical plasma cells while autopsy revealed plasmacytoma remnant in the pleura of the affected side 21 yr before. No amyloid was found on autopsy. Crow-Fukase syndrome can develop long after the origination of plasmacytoma.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Crow-Fukase syndrome associated with pulmonary hypertension.

A 60-year-old woman suffering from heart failure was found to have Crow-Fukase syndrome. A precise cardiovascular study revealed the existence of pulmonary hypertension (PH), cardiomegaly and myocardial hypertrophy in addition to manifestations of this syndrome such as hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, finger clubbing, polyneuropathy, organomegaly and plasma cell dyscrasia. These findings suggest the possibility that patients with Crow-Fukase syndrome have cardiopulmonary disorders including PH and cardiomegaly which might cause some cardiovascular symptoms such as peripheral edema and finger clubbing.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1996

Development of secondary leukemia associated with (1;7)(q10;p10) in a patient with Crow-Fukase syndrome.

A 42-year-old woman with Crow-Fukase syndrome developed acute myeloid leukemia (M6: FAB classification) following treatment with alkylating agents (a total of 2,500 mg of melphalan and 9,800 mg of cyclophosphamide). Chromosome analysis of the bone marrow showed 49,XX,der(1;7)(q10;p10), +8, +19, +21 in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome with additional chromosomes 8, and 12 and two additional chromosomes 21 in acute leukemia. Because of the risk of therapy-related leukemia, alkylating agents should be used with caution in the treatment of Crow-Fukase syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Crow-Fukase syndrome with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

A 31-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of heart failure symptoms. Crow-Fukase syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of findings of polyneuropathy, hepatomegaly, monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and hypertrichosis. Dipyridamole-stress thallium-201 perfusion imaging, contrast left ventriculography, and coronary angiography revealed a markedly dilated and dysfunctioning left ventricle, extensive reversible ischemia with fixed defect, and multiple coronary lesions. Histopathology of myocardial biopsy specimens demonstrated ischemia-induced myocardial necrosis. These findings suggested that ischemic cardiomyopathy, probably due to inflammatory reactions of coronary arteries in Crow-Fukase syndrome, was responsible for the heart failure symptoms and left ventricular dysfunction in this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Crow-Fukase syndrome associated with high-output heart failure.

A 64-year-old woman was admitted with systemic edema and exertional dyspnea. High-output heart failure was diagnosed by right heart catheterization and she was treated with diuretics. After 3 weeks, her symptoms disappeared but a high cardiac output state persisted. A diagnosis of Crow-Fukase syndrome was made based on the presence of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes. Her serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level was markedly elevated after recovery from heart failure. We suspect that an elevated VEGF level and a high cardiac output state may play a role in the pathogenesis of heart failure in Crow-Fukase syndrome.

Cardiac Output, High↗
PubMed1979

Morphological and histochemical observations on the primordial and early growing oocytes of crow (Corvus splendens) and myna (Acridotheres tristis).

A morphological and histochemical study has been made of the primordial and early growing oocytes in the ovaries of crow (Corvus splendens) and common myna (Acridotheres tristis). The primordial oocytes in the myna ovary are loosely arranged in groups or nests, whereas in crow they form compact nests surrounded by highly vascularized connective tissue bands or lie in layers beneath the surface epithelium. The primordial oocytes in both the species are surrounded by flat granulosa cells whose number, shape, and cytochemical properties change with the initiation of growth. The oocyte nucleus shows a single basophilic nucleolus and thick diplotene chromosomes. With the initiation of growth, the number of nucleoli increases; simultaneously the chromosomes attain lampbrush configuration. Crescent-shaped Balbiani's vitelline body consists of ribonucleoproteins, lipoproteins, and phospholipids. The amount of these substances increases with the oocyte growth. The nature of proteins and lipids in the ooplasm and follicular epithelium also changes with the oocyte growth. Some randomly distributed protein bodies are also present in the ooplasm of primordial follicles. They disappear with the initiation of oocyte growth. The enzyme activities of acid phosphatase, NADP-diaphorase and NAD-diaphorase, also increase in the Balbiani's vitelline body with the oocyte growth. Alkaline phosphatase and delta 5-3 beta-HSDH activities are not seen. The possible functional significance of these morphological and histochemical changes has been discussed in relation to the initiation of growth in quiescent oocytes.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2002

Isolation of eastern equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus from crows during increased arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut, 2000.

The emergence of the West Nile virus (WNV) in the northeastern United States has drawn emphasis to the need for expanded arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut. Although the state of Connecticut began a comprehensive mosquito-screening program in 1997, only since 1999 have there been efforts to determine the prevalence of arboviruses in bird populations in this state. Herein, we report on our results of an arbovirus survey of 1,704 bird brains. Included in this report are the first known isolations of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) from crows and data on the geographic and temporal distribution of 1,092 WNV isolations from crow species. Moreover, these nine isolations of EEEV identify regions of Connecticut where the virus is rarely found. With the exception of WNV and EEEV, no other arboviruses were isolated or detected. Taken together, these data illustrate the distribution of avian borne EEEV and WNV in 2000 and support the need for ongoing avian arbovirus surveillance in Connecticut.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Experimental infection of five species of raptors and of hooded crows with Francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica.

Sixteen raptors and three hooded crows were infected experimentally with Francisella tularensis biovar palaearctica. The birds were infected parenterally or per os. One goshawk, one sparrow hawk and one hooded crow died during the experimental period, and the remaining 16 birds were killed 14-77 days after the first infection. Francisella tularensis was not isolated from any bird. Antibody levels against F. tularensis measured in nine birds varied from 0 to 1:1,280. In one goshawk with a titer of 1:1,280, positive fluorescent antibody reactions against F. tularensis were seen in the liver and spleen. These results are similar to those found by other authors indicating that raptors and corvids are normally resistant to infections with F. tularensis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

["Crow's feet wrinkles" as a sign of preserved consciousness].

We report on 3 deaths after the influence of high voltage current, fire and traumatic injury respectively. In all cases we found radial bands beside the eyes--so called "crow's feet". They are a sign of vital reaction in the cases of traumatic and thermic injury, possibly also in high-voltage burns due to sparking. In general, the "crow's feet" show that the person was conscious at the moment of the event.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Erysipelas in a free-ranging Hawaiian crow (Corvus hawaiiensis).

We describe a case of erysipelas in a free-ranging endangered Hawaiian crow. The partially scavenged carcass exhibited gross emaciation and petechial hemorrhages in both lungs. Microscopy revealed multiple necrotic foci associated with gram-positive rods in the liver and adrenal, diffuse acute proximal tubular necrosis of kidney, diffuse necrosis and inflammation of proventricular mucosa associated with gram-positive rods, and multiple intravascular aggregates of gram-positive rods associated with thrombi. Culture of the kidney revealed the bacterium to be Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The implications of this finding to free-ranging crows remain unclear.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the morphological structure of the endbrain in the hooded crow (Corvus corone cornix L.) and in the rock dove (Columba livia) in relation to their development of elementary reasoning activities].

The number of neurons in the endbrain [correction of forebrain] of two avian species--carrion crows and rock pigeons--was assessed. It was shown that the higher development of reasoning activity of crows is associated with greater number of cells in evolutionary new fields of hyperstriatum and greater number of cell complexes than in pigeons.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

4-aminopyridine poisoning of crows in the Chicago area.

Poisoning of crows with the avicide 4-aminopyridine is reported. Seven crows had frequent vocalization and nervous signs; 6 died. Postmortem examination of 4 found evidence of trauma and corn-based bait present in the gastrointestinal tract. The bait contained 4-aminopyridine, a rapidly fatal nervous system toxin. When utilized by pest control professionals using manufacturer's recommendations, 4-aminopyridine has little risk of direct or relay toxicosis to non-target species. Treatment of exposed individuals involves symptomatic care and control of seizures.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed2003

Host-range restriction of chimeric yellow fever-West Nile vaccine in fish crows (Corvus ossifragus).

We evaluated a recombinant virus chimera, ChimeriVax-WN, in which the West Nile virus (WNV) surface protein genes (pre-membrane [prM] and envelope [E]) are substituted into the genome of the 17D vaccine strain yellow fever virus (YF-17D), as a vaccine candidate for protection of birds from WNV disease. Using fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) as a model, we found that none of eight crows that received two high doses of vaccine (approximately 100,000 plaque-forming units [PFU]) developed viremia and only one developed WNV-neutralizing antibodies. When challenged with subcutaneous injection of 2,000 PFU of WNV (NY99 strain), all eight developed viremia levels similar to unvaccinated control birds (n = 4). Two of the vaccinated birds died of the infection, compared with no mortality in the four controls. To further investigate the failure of the vaccine, we inoculated chickens with both the vaccine and YF-17D and found no evidence of replication with either of these viruses. These data indicate that this vaccine candidate failed to protect birds from the morbidity and mortality attributed to WNV infections. However, if used in mammals, this recombinant viral vaccine is unlikely to inadvertently enter a natural transmission cycle with birds as amplifying hosts.

Animals↗