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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The introduction of postpartum intrauterine devices in the People's Republic of China.

In China, which has a commitment to family planning and, in particular, to the one-child family, a postpartum IUD should be widely accepted and could have significant impact on the Chinese family planning program. This report presents the introduction of the Delta T and Delta Loop devices, with 200 immediate postpartum insertions. Fifty-two deliveries were by cesarean section. The 6-month expulsion rates were 13.3 and 17.2 for the Delta T and Delta Loop, respectively. There was one pregnancy reported. Analysis suggests that the two devices are suitable for use in the postpartum period for Chinese women.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Preliminary report on a postpartum CuT 200 study, Santiago, Chile.

An analysis is presented of a study of the Copper-T 200 (CuT 200) intrauterine device at the Barros Luco Hospital in Santiago, Chile. The devices were inserted in 1142 postpartum patients. The expulsion rate was high, 32.1% at 3 months. Of the 372 women who expelled devices, 349 received a replacement CuT 200. The expulsion rate for these reinsertions was 7.7% at 12 months with a continuation rate of 86.4%.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A misplaced intrauterine device: a case report.

A 26-year-old woman consulted our Family Planning Unit because she could not locate the thread of her intrauterine device (IUD), which was placed 16 months earlier. Attempts to remove the IUD under fluoroscopy failed. A hysterography showed the IUD to be in the pelvis away from the uterus. At laparotomy, the IUD was found hidden in the omentum and its removal was done by resection of a piece of the omentum. The patient became pregnant three months later and gave birth to a healthy baby at term.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Time to conception after IUD removal: importance of duration of use, IUD type, pelvic inflammatory disease and age.

Some investigations of IUD use have demonstrated impaired ability to become pregnant after removal, while others have not. None of these studies, however, have adequately considered such potentially influencing variables as age and a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). To study the effect of length of IUD use, IUD type and the modifying influences of age and PID history on time required to conceive, we followed women trying to become pregnant after removal of their IUD. Five hundred forty women in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia who were first fitted with an IUD between 1964 and 1972 and had their IUD removed in order to become pregnant were followed through 1980. We found no relationship between the duration of IUD use or type of IUD used, but increasing age and a history of PID each decreased the monthly probability of conception. These findings, along with other recent work, indicate that IUDs are a safe and efficacious contraceptive for women at low risk for sexually transmitted diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of 24 patients with IUD-related problems: hysteroscopic findings.

The clinical and diagnostic findings in 24 patients with IUD-related abnormal uterine bleeding or missing IUDs have been evaluated with special reference to hysteroscopy. For the IUD-related abnormal uterine bleeding no gross uterine or tissue pathology has been revealed except for chronic inflammatory reaction of the endometrium. In half of the cases the IUD showed embedment, displacement within the uterine cavity or migration into the uterine wall, which may be a possible cause of the IUD-related abnormal uterine bleeding. For the detection and removal of IUDs with missing strings, partially embedded and perforated IUDs or retained broken parts of it, the hysteroscopic procedure appeared to be invaluable and in our opinion should be the method of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Adolescents' reasons for and experience after discontinuation of the long-acting contraceptives Depo-Provera and Norplant.

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to examine the reasons for discontinuation of the long-acting contraceptives Depo-Provera and Norplant in adolescents, and to assess the adolescents' experience after discontinuation of the methods. METHODS: A total of 35 adolescents [gynecologic age 4.7 +/- 0.3 years, and body mass index (BMI) 24.2 +/- 0.6] who discontinued Depo-Provera, and 31 adolescents (gynecologic age 3.4 +/- 0.3 years, BMI 24.1 +/- 0.9) who discontinued Norplant were periodically assessed during use of the methods and up to 12 months after discontinuation. RESULTS: The most common reasons for discontinuation of both Norplant (after 21.8 +/- 1.6 months of use) and Depo-Provera (9.2 + 0.9 months of use) were irregular menstrual bleeding (64%), weight gain (41%), and increased headaches (30%). Resumption of menstrual regularity and dysmenorrhea was noted sooner after discontinuation of Norplant, compared with Depo-Provera. The increase in BMI noted at discontinuation of Depo-Provera (1.1, P = .0005) and Norplant (1.3, P = .03) persisted up to 6 months after discontinuation of either method (0.6, P = .01 post-Depo-Provera discontinuation; and 0.9, P = 0.02 post-Norplant discontinuation). Only 62% of the adolescents reported no break in contraceptive practice. The condom was the most popular method (37%) after discontinuation of Depo-Provera, and oral contraceptive (39%) after discontinuation of Norplant. The cumulative conception proportion reached 0.93 at 12 months after discontinuation of Norplant, and was significantly higher (P = .01) compared with the cumulative proportion of conception after discontinuation of Depo-Provera (P = .50). CONCLUSIONS: Health care providers should aggressively manage physical problems associated with Depo-Provera and Norplant use, and expedite the transition to a new contraceptive method to minimize the high pregnancy rate observed after discontinuation of these methods in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effect of duration of low-dose oral contraceptive administration on carbohydrate metabolism.

Two hundred and ten healthy young women volunteered to take a combined oral contraceptive (OC) and to have glucose tolerance in insulin secretion measured in a projected 3-year study with roughly annual investigations. Although the dropout rate was high, glucose tolerance was noted to deteriorate progressively and insulin secretion to rise initially, but thereafter they remained constant. Eventually, insulin levels were lower than would have been expected from the prevailing glucose values. This combination of steroids produced marked insulin resistance to which the pancreas could respond by further insulin secretion. It is suggested that levonorgestrel is too strong a progestin for routine use in the combined OC, and it is recommended that its dose be reduced further or that weaker progestins such as norethindrone be used.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effect of progestins in combined oral contraceptives on serum lipids with special reference to high-density lipoproteins.

Fasting serum lipids were measured in a group of 293 women desirous of using oral contraceptives (OCs) and 536 women who had been taking five varieties of OCS for many months before being tested. Parameters studied were serum cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the two main subfractions of HDL, namely, HDL2 and HDL3, and the ratio of HDL2 cholesterol to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Studies of these five groups of women enabled us to compare the effect of varying amounts of levonorgestrel with norethindrone and to study the effects of estrogen combined with these progestins. The levonorgestrel-containing pills and the progestin-only OC significantly depressed HDL2 cholesterol levels and the ratio of HDL2 to LDL cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The Copper T 220C: a new long-acting copper intrauterine contraceptive device.

The Copper T(TCu) intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) has been found to be an effective method of contraception but has the disadvantage of needing periodic replacement due to loss of copper through dissolution and fragmentation of the copper wire. Modification of the Copper T to overcome this disadvantage involved substitution of copper sleeves for wire on the vertical arm and the addition of copper sleeves to the horizonal arms to give an effective surface area of 220 sq. mm. of copper and an estimated life span of 20 years. A randomized comparative study was undertaken in 999 women to determine if the new model performed as well as the wire-wound Copper T 300. Net cumulative first-event rates at one year were as follows: TCu 220C-pregnancy 0.9, expulsion 3.7, removal for pain or bleeding 14.4; TCu 300-pregnancy 1.1, expulsion 3.1, removal for pain or bleeding 9.3. None of the differences in event rates were significant. If long-term follow-up confirms these findings, this new long-lasting copper intrauterine device could become the IUD of choice for all women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Menstrual impact of contraception.

Persistent bleeding is a common reason for the discontinuation of contraception. Standard terminology for describing bleeding patterns by reference period is presented. Observed bleeding patterns with oral contraceptives, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, the levonorgestrel subdermal implant, and intrauterine devices are described. Bleeding days are least with oral contraceptives that are highest in progestin and estrogen potency and dose, but the ratio of the two steroids is also important. Published studies suggest that oral contraceptives containing new nonandrogenic progestins have bleeding patterns as acceptable as older low estrogen formulations. Approaches to the evaluation and treatment of intermenstrual bleeding with contraceptive methods are reviewed. Patient education on expected bleeding patterns is essential to compliance and continuation.

Contraceptive Agents↗
PubMed1976

The radiology of the intrauterine contraceptive device.

Some intrauterine devices are of low radiographic density and require careful technique for their demonstration. The main indications for radiology are to exclude deformity, which reduces the loop's efficiency, perforation of the uterus, or expulsion of the loop.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1979

IUD compared with oral contraception in nulliparae.

172 nulliparae attending a Swedish family planning clinic were studied. Doctors and midwives with various experiences gave the contraceptive method. Continuation rate at 12 months was 58 per cent for IUD and 86 per cent for OC. The expulsion rate in the IUD group was 11 per cent and in 30 per cent of IUD users the device was removed because of adverse effects. 10 per cent of the IUD group and 5 per cent of the OC group discontinued their method without introducing another one, thereby risking an unwanted pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Five years private practice experience of nulliparous women using copper IUD's.

This is a study of 296 nulliparous women who used Copper IUD's as their method of contraception. At the time of first insertion the women had an average age of 21.6 years. The gross cumulative pregnancy rate rose to 11.8 over 5 years. The gross cumulative expulsion rate rose to 13.6 over 5 years and the removal rate for bleeding and pain to 20.4. The net rates were lower over 5 years (pregnancy 8.6, expulsion 11.2 and bleeding and pain 17.3). 29 women expelled their IUD's, of whom 20 underwent reinsertion. 43 women requested removal of their IUD's because of bleeding and pain, of whom 6 requested a reinsertion at a later date. Taking reinsertions into account, the continuation rate over 5 years was 55.2. Inability to insert the IUD was encountered in 28 women (8.6%). In 20 of the women cervical stenosis precluded the insertion of the IUD without local anesthetic, and in the other 8, the pain and/or syncope encountered during sounding the uterus precluded the continuation of the procedure. Insertion problems were encountered in 31 women (10.5%). Syncope occurred in 4 women and one of the women developed a 'grand mal' seizure. Clinically significant pelvic infection occurred within 30 days of insertion in 5 women (approximately 1% of insertions), and one woman developed pelvic infection from gonorrhoea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Insertion technique, not design, affects expulsion rates of postpartum intrauterine device.

A Lippes type intrauterine device (IUD) was modified to be used for immediate postpartum insertion. In 114 patients in whom the modified IUD was inserted immediately after delivery, expulsion rates at six months averaged approximately 30%. Expulsion rates were significantly different, at p less than 0.05, for women in whom the IUD was inserted digitally (19.5 +/- 5.6% at 6 months) compared to those in whom it was inserted using surgical forceps (39.6 +/- 7.1%). Furthermore, expulsion rates were higher for inexperienced inserters (p less than 0.01). We conclude that: 1) this modification of an otherwise standard IUD has a continued high expulsion rate, and 2) the technique of insertion has significant impact upon the likelihood of expulsion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Use effectiveness of the Prentif cervical cap in private practice: a prospective study.

Of two-hundred-sixty women seeking cervical cap contraception, exactly half subsequently used the Prentif cavity rim cap as their sole method of contraception. The one year continuation rate for these exclusive cap users was 56.7 per hundred. No major side effects related to the use of the Prentif cap were observed in the course of this study, involving 918 women-months in year 1. Pregnancy and dislodgement of the cap during use were the principal reasons for discontinuation of exclusive use, with gross rates of 19.1 and 12.9 per 100 at one year, respectively.

Adult↗