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Results for “Compartment Syndromes”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Is acute compartment syndrome avoidable?

Complete absence of acute compartment syndrome was observed in a consecutive series of 966 tibial fractures in African patients of diverse ethnic groups, reviewed retrospectively at our institution. Considering the incidences reported in the literature, we should have experienced between 22 and 86 cases of acute compartment syndrome. The purpose of this prospective study was to confirm these findings and at the same time to look for possible explanations for this unexpected observation. During a period of one year and four months, 257 tibial fractures were prospectively analyzed for clinical signs and late sequelae of acute compartment syndrome. In 156 of these patients, presenting 158 fractures of the tibia, the pressure in the anterior compartment was systematically measured. No single case of compartment syndrome was diagnosed in this series, and no late sequelae of acute compartment syndrome were noted. The hypothesis we forward for total absence of acute compartment syndrome is the favourable effect of the continuously high surrounding temperatures on safeguarding the arteriovenous pressure gradient and lowering the vascular resistance. We suggest that further investigation should be carried out to study this hypothesis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

The 'occult' compartment syndrome.

Two cases of compartment syndromes after tibial fractures are presented in patients who had no sensation in the involved compartments. The absence of any clinical symptoms in these patients emphasizes the need for routine monitoring of intra-compartmental pressure in this select group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Compartment syndrome of the arm.

Compartment syndrome in the upper arm is uncommon, but early recognition and treatment is as essential as it is in other sites. A case of compartment syndrome in the upper arm is reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Acute atraumatic compartment syndrome in the leg.

The compartment syndrome is well recognised as occurring after trauma, but atraumatic acute compartment syndrome is less widely known. We report 3 cases in whom an acute compartment syndrome developed without major injury. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment by decompressive fasciotomy is of vital importance if limb function is to be preserved and complications avoided.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Acute rhabdomyolysis following acute compartment syndrome of upper arm.

Compartment syndromes of the upper arm are rare, and patients presenting with suspected problem in this region may not have physical signs as obvious as those presenting with symptoms of forearm and lower extremity. This case report describes the aetiology, diagnosis and the management of compartment syndrome that presented in upper arm.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compartment syndrome of the foot.

Compartment syndrome is a relatively common posttraumatic diagnosis in the forearm and lower leg. Although the existence of this syndrome in the foot has been documented, it is not a well-known entity. Because delays in recognition and treatment can lead to catastrophic complications, practitioners should be aware of both its existence and its presentation. The authors present a case report of pedal compartment syndrome and a discussion of the literature pertaining to its diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Compartment syndromes and reperfusion injury.

Compartment syndrome has been defined as increased pressure within a limited space that compromises the blood supply and function of tissues within that space. The pressure rise is usually a result of increased interstitial fluid, although cell swelling may play a part. Most closed compartment syndromes can be detected by repeated clinical examination. Despite the extensive incisions and dissection required for adequate fasciotomy, if the nerves and muscles can be preserved, the limb will often be relatively normal.

Compartment Syndromes↗
PubMed1989

Haematoma block for fractures of the wrist: a cause of compartment syndrome.

A case of compartment syndrome after haematoma block for a fracture of the distal radius is reported. This seems to be the first report of this complication. A review of the literature revealed seven other cases of compartmental ischaemia reported after fracture of the distal radius, and a haematoma block was used in all the cases where the type of anaesthesia was known. It is suggested that the additional fluid added for a haematoma block can precipitate a compartment syndrome, which may be more common than the scarcity of cases reported would indicate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint combined with the compartment syndrome of the upper arm: case report.

Compartment syndromes occurring in the forearm and leg are not infrequent. However, reports of compartment syndrome of the upper arm are conspicuously rare. Inferior dislocation of the shoulder combined with compartment syndrome has rarely been reported in the literature. We report our experience with a patient with inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint combined with compartment syndrome of the upper arm. A 29-year-old man had traumatic inferior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint combined with severe swelling of the shoulder and upper arm. After close reduction, the shoulder and upper arm were still tensely swollen. Compartment pressure of the upper arm was measured using a digital manometer (Quick Pressure Monitor 295-1, Stryker) and remained very high, thus, fasciotomy was performed. After debridement and skin graft, the arm healed without sequelae. When a patient has a fracture dislocation of the shoulder joint associated with a swollen arm, compartment syndrome of the upper arm should be included as a differential diagnosis. Detecting the compartment pressure can confirm the diagnosis of compartment syndrome objectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Compartment syndrome of the thigh].

Compartment syndrome in the thigh is an uncommon condition. Most of the patients have multiple injuries. The main etiological factors are ipsilateral fractures of the femur and isolated severe soft-tissue injuries following blunt trauma. If the diagnosis is made clinically, compartment syndrome is treated by lateral incision of the thigh with incision of the fascia lata and the lateral intermuscular septum. Dermatofasciotomy does not lead to severe complications. In the follow-up there is no functional loss or neurological deficit. The indications for decompressive fasciotomy should be broad.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome--therapeutic implications].

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) involves progressive uncontrolled increase in intra-abdominal pressure which eventually leads to multi organ failure. Therefore the ability to diagnose and adequately treat ACS is so important in hospital practice. The aim of this paper was to review current data on intra-abdominal hypertension and ACS, with emphasis on practical aspects. The article presents main concepts, symptoms, causes, pathophysiology and diagnosis of abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). The article also describes the key elements of contemporary strategy of treatment and prevention of the condition.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

Prospective characterization and selective management of the abdominal compartment syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is now recognized as a frequent confounder of surgical critical care following major trauma; however, few prospective data exist concerning its characterization, evolution, and response to decompression. METHODS: Acutely injured patients with an injury severity scale (ISS) score >15 requiring emergent laparotomy and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were prospectively evaluated for the development of ACS. The syndrome was defined as an intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) >20 mm Hg complicated by one of the following: peak airway pressure (PAP) >40 cm H2O, oxygen delivery index (DO2I) <600 mL O2/min/m2, or urine output (UO) <0.5 mL/kg/hr. Physiologic response to decompression was similarly documented prospectively. RESULTS: Over a 14-month period ending December 1995, 21 (14%) of 145 patients (ISS >15) requiring laparotomy and admitted to our surgical ICU developed ACS; mean age was 39 +/- 9 years; injury mechanism was blunt in 60%; ISS 26 +/- 6. At initial laparotomy, 67% underwent abdominal packing (57% for major liver injuries). Mean IAP was 27 +/- 2.3 mm Hg, and time from laparotomy to decompression was 27 +/- 4 hours; 24% were planned whereas the remaining were prompted by deteriorating organ function as defined above (cardiopulmonary in 43%; renal in 19%; both renal and cardiopulmonary in 14%). Following decompression, there was an increase in cardiac index, oxygen delivery, urine output, and static compliance while there was a decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and peak airway pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The abdominal compartment syndrome occurs in a significant number of severely injured patients, and it develops quickly (27 +/- 4 hours). Cardiopulmonary deterioration is the most frequent reason prompting decompression. Timely decompression of the ACS results in improvements in cardiopulmonary and renal function. These data support the use of the proposed ACS grading system for selective management of the syndrome.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Chronic compartment syndrome of the leg.

Chronic compartment syndrome is an uncommon but important cause of exercise-induced leg pain. The author provides a comprehensive review of chronic compartment syndrome of the leg. Case reports are presented to stress the clinical importance of chronic compartment syndrome to the podiatric physician.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Exertional compartment syndromes of the lower extremity.

Compartment syndromes may be acute or chronic secondary to exertion or exercise. The chronic or exertional type most commonly involves the lower extremity, particularly the anterior compartment of the lower leg, and is the subject of this review. Rarely, an exertional compartment syndrome may become acute. The diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, and compartment pressure measurements. The differential diagnosis of exertional leg pain includes stress fractures, stress reaction, periostitis, claudication, popliteal artery entrapment, and peripheral nerve entrapment. Unusual causes, such as a ganglion of the proximal tibiofibular joint causing an anterior compartment syndrome, have recently been reported.

Compartment Syndromes↗
PubMed2003

Review: acute compartment syndrome of the foot.

Foot compartment syndrome is a serious potential complication of foot crush injury, fractures, surgery, and vascular injury. The purpose of this article is to summarize and review the existing literature on this entity. Long-term sequelae of foot compartment syndrome (FCS) include contractures, deformity, weakness, paralysis, and sensory neuropathy. These complications are poorly tolerated, and often necessitate multiple procedures for rehabilitation. Therefore, the threshold for considering compartment syndrome and performing fasciotomy must be low to minimize such outcomes. The existence of nine foot compartments and frequent presence of complicating injuries necessitate multi-stick needle catheterization for direct measurement of compartment pressures. Fasciotomy is indicated when compartment pressure exceeds 30 mmHg, or if compartment pressure is greater than 10-30 mmHg below diastolic pressure. The approaches for compartment decompression generally include two dorsal incisions for access to forefoot compartments, and one medial incision for decompression of the calcaneal, medial, superficial, and lateral compartments.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Acute traumatic compartment syndrome of the foot in children.

Acute traumatic compartment syndrome of the foot is a sequelae of serious injury to the foot, which, if unrecognized, may result in significant motor and sensory deficits, pain, stiffness, and deformity. It is nearly always associated with fractures, dislocations, and crush injuries to the foot. Vascular injuries and coagulopathic states are also risk factors for the development of an acute foot compartment syndrome. In children, the presentation of an acute foot compartment syndrome may be masked by the pain and edema caused by associated fractures and dislocations. A high index of suspicion is warranted in children presenting with foot injuries that are associated with foot compartment syndrome. Recognition of the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome in the emergency room are paramount; the diagnosis is best confirmed by multiple compartment pressure readings. The urgency of diagnosis of a compartment syndrome must be underscored, as the complications of a missed foot compartment syndrome includes contractures, claw toe deformity, sensory loss, stiffness, and chronic pain. Prompt orthopaedic consultation is mandatory; urgent compartment fasciotomies are associated with a good clinical outcome.

Acute Disease↗