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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Using community-based participatory research to address social determinants of health: lessons learned from Seattle Partners for Healthy Communities.

Seattle Partners for Healthy Communities (SPHC) is a multidisciplinary collaboration of community agencies, community activists, public health professionals, academics, and health providers who conduct research aimed at improving the health of urban, socioeconomically marginalized Seattle communities. SPHC uses a community-based participatory research approach to address social factors that affect the health of these communities. This article describes three SPHC projects that focus on social determinants of health, particularly the development of social support and improving housing quality. The characteristics of community participation in each of these projects are discussed and show a spectrum of participation. Although projects successfully addressed proximal social factors affecting health, influencing more distal underlying factors was more difficult. Implications for researchers using a community-based participatory research approach and public health practitioners seeking to engage communities in addressing social determinants of health are presented.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2003

Community gardens: lessons learned from California Healthy Cities and Communities.

Community gardens enhance nutrition and physical activity and promote the role of public health in improving quality of life. Opportunities to organize around other issues and build social capital also emerge through community gardens. California Healthy Cities and Communities (CHCC) promotes an inclusionary and systems approach to improving community health. CHCC has funded community-based nutrition and physical activity programs in several cities. Successful community gardens were developed by many cities incorporating local leadership and resources, volunteers and community partners, and skills-building opportunities for participants. Through community garden initiatives, cities have enacted policies for interim land and complimentary water use, improved access to produce, elevated public consciousness about public health, created culturally appropriate educational and training materials, and strengthened community building skills.

California↗
PubMed1992

A sense of community. Senior living communities must allow for mission, mutuality, and myth.

Most persons move to senior living communities because they want to regain the sense of "community" lost when they left their families, neighborhoods, and community networks. By focusing on mission, mutuality, and myth, the organization can offer residents this feeling of belonging. The mission statement must become the heart of the organization. It should represent both resident and staff expectations and goals. Community also develops around mutuality, a life-sustaining and growth-promoting matrix of care, comprising resident-staff care, staff-resident care, resident-resident care, and staff-staff care. Myth, the third component of community, is a way of making sense of what is often a senseless world and enhancing people's feeling of community. To facilitate coping with the stresses of aging, senior living community staff must sustain and promote myths, especially religious myths, images, and symbols. St. Leonard Center, Dayton, OH, is a senior living community that has incorporated these three components into its organization to make it a community in the true sense.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Consciousness of drug abuse problems and motivational intention for primary community intervention among the community residents].

PROBLEM: An influence of the community factor has a tremendous significance over the policy taken for the social rehabilitation of drug addicts as well as for the prevention of the drug problems. This study focuses, from a sociological viewpoint, on attitudes and consciousness of the community residents on drug abuse problems, particularly addressing their motivational intention of primary intervention in the community settings. METHOD: A social investigation with a random sampling of the adult male population of a ward community in Osaka was conducted by combining the self-administered schedule method and the individual interview method at the door. RESULTS: 1) More than 90% of the respondents recognized the drug abuse problem in Japan as one of the most severe social problems; 2) as for countermeasures against the drug problems, crack-down by police and severe legal punishments were much more preferred overwhelmingly to the soft measures such as education, therapy and social services; 3) ex-patients of drug abuse and dependence discharged from mental hospitals would be supposed to be faced with harsh, rejective interactions in their community life; 4) 15.4% of the respondents reported their recognition of the illegal drug users in the last three years prior to the survey and those reporting the recognition in their life time were found by 26.5%; 5) the active motivation for primary intervention with drug users on the community basis was widely shared among the community residents. DISCUSSION: It was implied that this motivational asset excavated in the community should be activated in one way or another by community programs for the primary prevention against drug abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Developing community capacity and improving health in African American communities.

Community-based programs have produced mixed results. Community capacity is thought to be a major determinant of program effectiveness. Thus, enhancing community capacity may increase the beneficial effects of existing programs and enhance future program effectiveness. This highlights the need to focus on understanding the components of capacity and the methods of enhancing capacity. Although we are just beginning to examine and understand key concepts, community capacity is probably influenced by both relatively nonmodifiable characteristics (such as demographic factors, institutional resources, and social structures) and relatively modifiable characteristics (such as knowledge, skills, and the ability and willingness of members and agencies to work collaboratively). In their relationships with community members and agencies, academicians and public health practitioners may help acquire categorical funding to enhance opportunities to build community capacity and their own capacity as well. The relationship between academicians/practitioners and community members/agencies probably is influenced by a host of characteristics which determine the degree to which capacity can be built. This paper discusses: the key components of capacity; the factors that influence building capacity through collaborations; a community health advisor (CHA) model which both builds on sociocultural aspects of African American culture and is consistent with methods for building community capacity; and how modifications to this model allow it to be compatible with categorically funded projects.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2001

Developing community capacity and improving health in African American communities.

Community-based programs have produced mixed results. Community capacity is thought to be a major determinant of program effectiveness. Thus, enhancing community capacity may increase the beneficial effects of existing programs and enhance future program effectiveness. This highlights the need to focus on understanding the components of capacity and the methods of enhancing capacity. Although we are just beginning to examine and understand key concepts, community capacity is probably influenced by both relatively nonmodifiable characteristics (such as demographic factors, institutional resources, and social structures) and relatively modifiable characteristics (such as knowledge, skills, and the ability and willingness of members and agencies to work collaboratively). In their relationships with community members and agencies, academicians and public health practitioners may help acquire categorical funding to enhance opportunities to build community capacity and their own capacity as well. The relationship between academicians/practitioners and community members/agencies probably is influenced by a host of characteristics which determine the degree to which capacity can be built. This paper discusses: the key components of capacity; the factors that influence building capacity through collaborations; a community health advisor (CHA) model which both builds on sociocultural aspects of African American culture and is consistent with methods for building community capacity; and how modifications to this model allow it to be compatible with categorically funded projects.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2004

Geographic retrofitting: a method of community definition in community-oriented primary care practices.

Community definition is an important aspect of community health work in general and community-oriented primary care (COPC) in particular. Yet, community definitions are often nonspecific, relying on geopolitical boundaries or local presumptions about patient populations. Such definitions are an impediment to the precise application of sociodemographic or health status data to community health problems or to targeted community organizing. This paper describes a technique called "geographic retrofitting" that has proved useful in establishing a rigorous definition of a practice's community based on current patterns of health care by the community. It also demonstrates how this approach, used in conjunction with geographic information systems software, facilitates more-powerful capabilities in community characterization and intervention.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed2004

Bringing health policy issues front and center in the community: expanding the role of community health coalitions.

BACKGROUND: Systemic, environmental, and socioeconomic conditions create the context in which community members deal with their health concerns. Comprehensive, community-based chronic disease prevention interventions should address community-wide or regional policy issues that influence lifestyle behaviors associated with chronic diseases. CONTEXT: In two communities along the Arizona-Mexico border, community coalitions that administered a comprehensive diabetes prevention and control intervention expanded their membership to become policy and advocacy coalitions with broad community representation. These coalitions, or Special Action Groups (SAGs), identified and prioritized policy issues that directly or indirectly affect physical activity or nutrition. METHODS: Local schools were one focus of advocacy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's School Health Index was implemented as part of the overall intervention; the SAGs supported schools in advocating for more physical education programs, removal of vending machines, substitution of more healthful options in vending machines, and changes in health education curricula. In the broader community, the SAGs promoted opportunities for walking and bicycling, long-term planning by their cities and counties, and healthy food choices in local grocery stores. Advocacy tactics included attending and making presentations at city council, school board, parks and recreation, and planning and zoning commission meetings; participating on long-range planning committees; organizing an annual community forum for elected and appointed officials; and presenting healthy food and cooking demonstrations in local markets. CONSEQUENCES: After three years, SAGs were able to document changes in local policies and practices attributable to their activities. INTERPRETATION: The SAGs contributed to systems changes in their communities and were able to obtain new resources that support protective behaviors. Also, the advocacy process itself provided strong positive reinforcement to all participants in this comprehensive diabetes intervention.

Arizona↗
PubMed2006

[The process of empowering community development: the experience of a community in Taipei city].

Community participation and development are the most difficult aspects of building healthy communities. They are also, however, the most essential parts of the process. It has been established that empowerment can ultimately enhance individual self-efficacy, influence organizational and social structures, and increase the sense of community and citizen's capabilities. This article demonstrates the experience of one community in Taipei City during a lengthy period of organization and development. It illustrates the different stages involved in community development and the functions of community health professionals. It seeks to provide insight into the importance of using empowerment in promoting communities' capabilities and the fact that only by developing organic communities that are rich in the energy of life can we develop sustainable communities.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2006

Building an academic-community partnered network for clinical services research: the Community Health Improvement Collaborative (CHIC).

OBJECTIVE: Community-based participatory research is recommended for research on health disparities and to improve uptake of clinical research findings. We describe the development of a multicenter consortium designed to support a community agency-academic partner infrastructure to support community-based, health-services research on multiple sources of health and healthcare disparities in local communities. DESIGN: We describe the development of the Los Angeles Community Health Improvement Collaborative (CHIC). RESULTS: The CHIC partners examined the research capacity and health priorities of its partners and developed a research agenda focused on four tracer conditions (depression, violence, diabetes, and obesity) and four areas for development of research capacity: public participation in all phases of research; understanding community and organizational context for clinical services interventions; practical clinical services trial methods; and advancing health information technology for clinical services research. The partners pooled resources to develop these areas for the tracer conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The challenges of a participatory approach to community-based clinical services research go beyond the significant methodologic and operational issues for specific projects and include building a sustainable capacity for research, community programs, and partnership across diverse communities and stakeholder organizations even when funding sources are not fully aligned with these goals.

Community Participation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Understanding communities today: using matching needs and services to assess community needs and design community-based services.

Matching Needs and Services (MNS) is a practice tool intended to help people who work with vulnerable children use rigorously assembled information on needs as a guide to design, implement, and evaluate more-effective services. To do this, MNS focuses on needs but links them to outcomes and thresholds before dealing with the services to achieve those outcomes.

Child↗