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Results for “Child Health”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The use of knowledge in public health nursing activities in child health care; a methodological study].

The purpose of this research is to study the selection and use of nursing knowledge in two simulated practical situations in child health care. The study introduces a computer-simulated test based on the decision-making process. The contents of the simulations are a reality-based case description including theoretical and experimental knowledge about child's development, care and education. The target group consists of 61 public health nurses. The computer simulations was implemented in workplaces of public health nurses. The results of the study prove that the main focus in the work is on the child and his/her health status, development and care but it includes also family and environment. The use of knowledge was not always systematic and relative to the child's and the family needs.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Maternal rating of child health at school age: does the vulnerable child syndrome persist?

OBJECTIVES: To assess the extent to which parental ratings of child health, including perceived vulnerability to illness, are associated with current and past health events and sociodemographic characteristics of the family and the child. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of children aged 8 to 10 years previously assessed in infancy in two multi-site studies. SETTING: Thirteen sites largely in eastern United States. PARTICIPANTS: 1877 children representing 65% of those originally selected for follow-up from the two previous studies. Participants were specifically selected on the basis of birth weight so that more than two-thirds were low birth weight. MEASUREMENT: Parental interviews at school age including measures of several dimensions of child health and sociodemographic characteristics of the family. The former included a six-item scale assessing parental perceptions of child health overall, and on subscales assessing child current health, previous health, and resistance or susceptibility to illness. Data on health problems at birth were derived from previously collected birth certificates, medical records, and interviews. MAIN RESULTS: Although overall parental perceptions of child health reflected both current and past health events, a clear distinction emerged. Parental rating of current child health and resistance or susceptibility were associated with current child health problems, not events in infancy including very low birth weight. Nonwhite race and maternal rating of her own health also influenced maternal rating of child health. CONCLUSION: The results do not support the persistence of a vulnerable child syndrome, as health in infancy does not affect maternal rating of current child health at school-age in the absence of current health problems.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of mothers' health beliefs on use of preventive child health care services and mothers' perception of children's health status.

During the first three years of life, many health problems are preventable, and health maintenance visits present an excellent opportunity to prevent disease and disability. Unfortunately, preventive child health care services are underutilized. Children who do not adequately use preventive health care services are often seen late in the course of an illness. Thus, they do not receive the continuing care that could eliminate the onset of preventable health problems. In our research, we sought to determine whether mothers' health beliefs influence their use of preventive child health care services and whether their use of preventive child health care services influence their perceptions of the child's health status. The sample was composed of low-income mothers living in an urban environment. No significant relationships were found between the variables. These results indicate the need to develop more sensitive tools to measure these variables in a similar sample.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The national-international nexus in public health: Uruguay and the circulation of child health and welfare policies, 1890-1940].

This paper examines the emergence of child health policy as a global concern from the perspective of Uruguay's interaction with the international public health community in the early 20th century and its role in the circulation of child health ideas and practices. It considers two facets of national-international interplay: a) Uruguay's exploration of an interrelationship with the international panorama of policies, research and lessons on the improvement of child health; and b) the translation of Uruguay's domestic debates into the influential Instituto Internacional Americano de Protección a la Infancia - IIPI and the purveying of Uruguay's policies, research, and lessons on child health improvement to other countries and to international health and welfare agencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The economy, the health sector and child health in Zimbabwe since independence.

This paper examines the changes in the economic environment which have taken place in Zimbabwe since independence in April 1980, concentrating on those which are relevant to health. It also describes the post-independence restructuring of the health sector itself. Finally, it considers some changes which have taken place in the health status of children. Despite a prolonged drought, economic recession and the imposition of economic stabilisation measures, there is evidence of a sharp improvement in infant and young child mortality. This has resulted almost certainly from an energetic expansion and reorientation of health care provision, and particularly from greatly improved access to immunisation and oral rehydration therapy. The adverse effects of drought and stabilisation measures have been partially offset by aid-supported relief feeding and particular health programmes. However, the economic crisis has resulted in a decline in real incomes for a large number of households since the immediate post-independence boom. This is reflected in high levels of childhood undernutrition which seem to have remained static despite the health care drive. This emerging divergence between death rates and quality of life as reflected by nutrition levels is reflective on the one hand of rapid expansion in effective health care provision, and on the other of little change in socio-economic conditions for the majority of the population.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Influence of parental gender and self-reported health and illness on parent-reported child health.

BACKGROUND: Although there is clear evidence of the influence of parental factors on child health outcomes, the influence of parental perceptions of their health and illness on the reporting of child health remains primarily unknown. OBJECTIVES: To examine relationships between parents' reporting of their own health and illness with the reporting of their children's health and illness. METHOD: We surveyed parents of a representative population-based sample of children aged 5 to 18 years. One parent of each child completed a written questionnaire including the Child Health Questionnaire, a subjective measure of functional health and well-being, and an assessment of self-reported parental health and illness. Logistic regression models were used to examine relationships between parent and child health and illness. MAIN RESULTS: 5340 parents responded (86% mothers, 14% fathers). After adjusting for confounding effects, parents self-reporting poor health had increased odds of reporting their children with poor health (odds ratio: 7.5), although the effect was modified by parent gender. There were increased odds of mothers with self-reporting poor global health reporting their children with poor global health and illness (odds ratio: 9.0 and 2.5, respectively) that were not observed for fathers. CONCLUSIONS: A mother's self-reported health is strongly associated with her reporting of her child's health; this was not observed for fathers. These results suggest that parental gender should be considered as a mediating factor in the reporting of child health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Client-public health nurse relationships in child health care: a grounded theory study.

Client-public health nurse relationships are considered to be important in nursing literature. However, little research in nursing has touched this area. The purpose of this paper is to describe a study of the patterns of interaction in terms of relationships between clients (mother and child under 1 year of age) and public health nurses in child health care at Finnish health centres. The qualitative data were collected by observing client-public health nurse interactions during visits. In total, 1554 interactions were observed over 2 years from 20 visits to child health centres. The grounded theory method was used in this study. Various relationships were identified between child and mother, child and public health nurse and mother and public health nurse. The relationship between child and mother during the visit was called a tender, protective and persuasive relationship. The relationship between child and public health nurse was called a persuasive and entertainment relationship. The main relationship between mother and public health nurse was called relationship supporting self-confidence. Suggestions for nursing practice and further research are made.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spanish version of the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition Parent Report Form [CHIP-CE/PRF]].

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the reliability and validity of the domains of the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition Parent Report Form (CHIP-CE/PRF) included in the Barcelona Health Survey conducted in 2000 and to obtain population-based reference values. METHODS: Data were obtained from proxy-respondent interviews of children aged 5-14 years old (n = 836) participating in the Barcelona Health Survey 2000. The 4 subdomains of the parent version of the CHIP-PRF included in the health survey were: satisfaction with health, and physical discomfort, emotional discomfort, and limitation of activities of the discomfort domain. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out and analysis of covariance was performed to assess the construct validity of the subdomains. RESULTS: In all the subdomains assessed, Cronbach's alpha was above 0.70 (range, 0.76-0.98). In the factorial analysis, almost all the items (31/35) presented the highest load in their corresponding subdomain. Most of the expected mean differences among groups were confirmed. Girls aged 10-14 years old scored the lowest, both in satisfaction with health (48.93; 95% confidence interval [CI 95%], 47.40-50.47) and in discomfort (48.87; CI 95%, 47.51-50.22). No differences were found according to the social class of the head of the family. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides a useful measure of perceived health status in a child health survey.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Construct validation of the Health Utilities Index and the Child Health Questionnaire in children undergoing cancer chemotherapy.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of two questionnaire-based measures of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children undergoing cancer chemotherapy: the Health Utilities Index (HUI) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Subjects were children hospitalised for chemotherapy. To examine construct validity: (1). a priori expected relations between CHQ concepts and HUI attributes were examined; (2). HUI and CHQ summary scores were compared to visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Ease of completion was rated using a 5-point categorical scale and completion time was recorded. A total of 36 subjects were included. The maximum score was seen in 15 (47%) of HUI3 assessments. As predicted, CHQ body pain was moderately correlated with HUI3 pain (r=0.51), CHQ physical functioning was moderately correlated with HUI2 mobility (r=0.58) and CHQ mental health was moderately correlated with HUI2 emotion (r=0.53). Only the CHQ psychosocial subscale (and not HUI) was correlated with VAS (r=0.44). The CHQ and the HUI were both easy to use. The HUI questionnaires required less time to complete (mean=3.1, s.d.=1 min) compared with CHQ (mean=13.1, s.d.=3.4 min, P<0.0001). In conclusion, HUI and CHQ demonstrated construct validity in children undergoing cancer chemotherapy. The Health Utilities Index is subject to a ceiling effect whereas CHQ requires more time to complete.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Caregiver health literacy and the use of child health services.

OBJECTIVES: Eighty million US adults have low health literacy, a risk factor for increased health care use among adults. The purpose of this work was to assess the association between caregiver health literacy and the use and cost of child health services. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of caregiver-child dyads from a sample of children aged 12 months to 12 years presenting to the pediatric emergency department of an urban, public hospital. Caregiver health literacy was measured by the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in their preferred language (English or Spanish). Child health care use was measured by a 12-month retrospective review of the public hospital system's electronic database and of state Medicaid billing records for 4 types of visits: preventive care, urgent care, emergency care, and hospital care. Cost of child health care use was provided by Medicaid billing records. Multivariate analysis included caregiver education, age, and language proficiency, as well as child age, special health care needs, ethnicity, and health-insurance coverage. RESULTS: A total of 290 dyads were enrolled in the study. Twenty-two percent of caregivers had low (inadequate or marginal) health literacy. Caregivers with low health literacy were more likely to have less than a high school education, to have limited English proficiency, and to have been born outside the United States. There were no differences in health care use or cost between children of caregivers with low health literacy and children of caregivers with adequate health literacy. Three caregiver characteristics were associated with increased use of child health care services: born outside the United States, age at child's birth <24 years, and limited English proficiency. CONCLUSIONS: One in 5 caregivers of young children has low health literacy. Caregiver health literacy, however, was not associated with disparities in the use of child health services in this inner-city, ethnic minority population.

Caregivers↗