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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Antibiotic prophylaxis in transurethral surgery. Ceftriaxone versus cephradine versus control. A randomized, prospective study in low risk patients.

In this prospective, randomized study, the efficacy of one dose ceftriaxone or 48 hour cephradine therapy was compared to a control group to prevent urinary infection in 179 patients undergoing TUS. Only patients with low risk of developing infections were included. Both cephalosporins significantly reduced the incidence of UTI (ceftriaxone 11.9%, cephradine 17.6% compared to controls 47.2%; p less than 0.0005). Ceftriaxone seemed to have the definite edge in antibacterial spectrum and was easier to administer. Both regimens were well tolerated. Culture of prostatic chips did not have any significant predictive value to determine which patients would develop UTI.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Pharmacokinetics of cephalexin and cephradine in surgical patients].

Pharmacokinetics of 2 oral cephalosporin antibiotics, i.e. cephalexin and cephradin in surgical patients with normal function of the liver and kidneys was studied. Both the drugs were satisfactorily absorbed into the blood reaching the maximum level in 1 hour. The antibiotics were determined in close concentrations in the blood serum of the patients during 5 hours of the observation. No differences in the time of a two-fold decrease in the antibiotic serum level and the value of the area limited by the antibiotic blood level were found. Cephalexin and cephradin were excreted with the urine in equal amounts.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

Liquid-chromatographic determination of five orally active cephalosporins--cefixime, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cephalexin, and cephradine--in human serum.

We report an isocratic "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic (HPLC) procedure for measurement of five orally administered cephalosporins (cefixime, cefaclor, cefadroxil, cephalexin, and cephradine) in 0.1 mL of human serum. Serum protein is precipitated with acetonitrile, the sample is centrifuged, and the supernate is evaporated under nitrogen. The residue is reconstituted in 0.1 mL of mobile phase, and 50 to 80 microL of this is injected onto a reversed-phase Altex Ultrasphere Octyl (C8) column. The five cephalosporins are resolved by elution with a pH 2.6 mobile phase of methanol/monobasic phosphate buffer (20/80) by vol), flow rate 2 mL/min. The column effluent is monitored at 240 nm. Cefixime serves as the internal standard for the analysis of the four other compounds, cephalexin as the internal standard for cefixime. We used two standard curves for all compounds: a low-range curve for concentrations commonly observed clinically and a higher-range curve for higher concentrations. The former were linear from 1.0 to 10 mg/L for cefaclor, cefadroxil, cephalexin, and cephradine and from 0.1 to 1 mg/L for cefixime. The high-concentration curves were linear from 1 to 10 mg/L for cefixime and from 10 to 100 mg/L for the other compounds. The detection limits were 0.1 mg/L for cefixime, 1 mg/L for the other cephalosporins. Mean within-run and day-to-day CVs were always less than 15% for all compounds studied.

Cefaclor↗
PubMed1979

DC polarography of cephradine and its application to capsules.

A polarographic method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of cephradine and its dosage forms. Direct determinations on capsules are carried out; excipients and coloring matter do not interfere in the determination. The electroactive product is formed by acidic hydrolysis with 5.0N HCl and heating at 80 degrees C for 60 min. Two polarographic waves are obtained: I = -0.46 V and II = -0.78 v vs. SCE. Both reduction waves are diffusion controlled. Wave I is preferred for analytical purposes. The precise chemical identity of the electroactive product has not been determined, but UV spectral data and the TLC Rf value are reported. A linear relation is established for levels of cephradine between 10(-2) and 10(-5)M in 5.0N HCl.

Capsules↗
PubMed1982

Low-dose cephradine prophylaxis in obstetric and gynecologic surgery.

A short-course, low-dose perioperative prophylactic regimen of cephradine was found to be highly effective in preventing serious postoperative infections (wound, vaginal cuff/pelvic and endometrial) in patients undergoing cesarean sections and vaginal hysterectomies. In patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of wound and pelvic infections in the antibiotic and placebo-treated groups. In all three operative procedures there was no significant reduction in urinary tract infections. The postoperative length of stay was significantly decreased in cesarean section patients, and a similar trend was observed in vaginal hysterectomy patients. An analysis of risk factors in cesarean section revealed that anemia and labor reduced the effectiveness of prophylaxis. Among vaginal hysterectomy patients those who were anemic and those who were premenopausal were at greater risk of infection. There was a low incidence of adverse drug reactions (less than 0.5%) and no evidence of the promotion of bacterial resistance in cephradine-treated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of single and multidose cephradine prophylaxis on infectious morbidity of vaginal hysterectomy.

The administration of cephradine prophylactically to patients who were undergoing vaginal hysterectomies resulted in a marked and significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative infections when compared to a placebo group. Cephradine was the cephalosporin studied because of its unique pharmacodynamic properties, which result in high uterine tissue levels. The protective effect was similar whether 1 g was given preoperatively followed by 500 mg IV q. 6 hours for 4 doses, or a single dose of 2 g IV given approximately 1 hour before surgery. Uterine tissue and serum levels of antibiotic were high and correlated with the degree of protection noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Cephradine delivery into the eye with domestic collagen shield].

The author reports that enhancement by the native made collagen-shield on the permeation of cephradine into the eye is 1.5 times and 1.3 times versus controls when the corneal epithelium is intact or defect, and is 10 times versus frequent eyedrops instillation. On the other hand, the enhancement of the collagen-shield is about the same as that of the soft contact lens impregnated with cephradine solution, but the drug concentration in aqueous humor is increased by collagen-shield 1-2 times than that by the wet soft contact lens. These results indicate that the collagen-shield can effectively increase the drug concentration in aqueous humor.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Studies of the effect of cephradine and lincomycin on dynamics of selected parameters of nonspecific cellular immunity in experimental animals].

Rabbits of group I received cephradine i.m. and of group II lincomycin in mean therapeutic doses (calculated by body weight) for seven days. Determinations were performed before application of antibiotics and at 7, 14, 28 and 42 days of the study. Following tests were performed: phagocytosis index by determination of phagocytizing neutrophils, phagocytosis index and the NBT test. After application of cephradine, each determination revealed significant decrease of percentage of phagocytosing neutrophils, whereas phagocyte index was lowered at 14 day and the NBT value in 14 and 28 days of investigation. After application of lincomycin, value of percentage of phagocytosing neutrophils was lowered at the 14 day, and of phagocytosis index at the 7 day. NBT test values were lowered at 7 and 28 day and increased at the 42 day of the study.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetics of oral cephalosporins: cephradine cephalexin.

A crossover experiment was utilized to compare the pharmacokinetics of a 1-g dose of cephalexin tablets, cephalexin capsules, or cephradine capsules in nine normal human volunteers. These antibiotics were administered as three formulations: two 500-mg capsulin every 6 hr for five doses, and one 1000-mg tablet of cephalexin every 6 hr for five doses. Pharmacokinetic parameters in the experimental groups showed no statistical differences (p greater than 0.1), indicating that these drugs are equivalent pharmacokinetically.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Complications with antibiotics used prophylactically in joint replacement surgery: a case report of cephradine-induced pseudomembranous colitis.

A woman underwent joint replacement surgery with prophylactic antibiotic cover, and subsequently died as a result of pseudomembranous colitis. We have noted a high incidence of antibiotic diarrhoea with cephradine, and suggest that if administration of prophylactic antibiotics is restricted to 3 days or less, the incidence of diarrhoea would diminish, and the therapeutic value of the antibiotics would be maintained.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Antibacterial efficacy of cefazolin and cephradine in neutropenic mice.

The activity of cefazolin (CEZ) and cephradine (CED) was studied in experimentally infected neutropenic mice. Neutropenia was induced by 600 rad whole-body irradiation; an infection was induced by the injection of 5 X 10(6) Escherichia coli into the thigh on Day 5 after irradiation. Antibiotics were administered 1 h later, and antibacterial activity was estimated from bacteria counts made in the homogenized individual thighs 3 h after infection. The effect of a low dose of each of the cephalosporins on the infection was significantly lower in the absence of granulocytes than in animals with intact host defence; at higher dosages the effect of both antibiotics on the infection was the same in neutropenic and unirradiated mice. In the neutropenic mice, CEZ was 2.95 times more active than CED against E. coli in vivo, this difference in activity being similar to that found earlier in normal mice.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Labile conjugation of a hydrophilic drug to PLA oligomers to modify a drug delivery system: cephradin in a PLAGA matrix.

The physical entrapment of a hydrophilic drug within degradable microspheres is generally difficult because of poor entrapment yield and/or fast release, depending on the microsphere fabrication method. In order to counter the effects of drug hydrophilicity, it is proposed to covalently attach the drug to lactic acid oligomers, with the aim of achieving temporary hydrophobization and slower release controlled by the separation of the drug from the degradable link within the polymer matrix. This strategy was tested on microspheres of the antibiotic cephradin. As the prodrug form, the entrapment of the drug was almost quantitative. The prodrug did degrade in an aqueous medium, modelling body fluids, but cleavage did not occur at the drug-oligomer junction and drug molecules bearing two lactyl residual units were released. When the prodrug is entrapped within a PLAGA matrix, no release was observed within the experimental time period. However, data suggest that conjugation via a bond more sensitive to hydrolysis than the main chain PLA ester bonds should make the system work as desired.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1986

Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefamandole, cefuroxime and cephradine during total hip replacement.

Serum, bone and tissue levels of the three cephalosporins, cefamandole, cefuroxime and cephradine were determined in 60 patients given a single 1 g dose intravenously before total hip surgery and two similar doses at 8 h intervals. The levels achieved were comparable for all three antibiotics, hence the choice of prophylactic antibiotic for total hip replacement should be guided by the pathogens causing infection and cost of the antibiotic.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Laboratory studies on mecillinam: activity alone and combined with cephradine.

Mecillinam (MC) was found to be inhibitory at low concentrations to a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria; the sensitivity of such strains could be predicted by using a 10 microgram disk. Resistance to MC did not appear to be associated with beta-lactamase-mediated destruction of the antibiotic. Ampicillin-resistant strains tended to be less sensitive to MC. MC and cephradine acted synergistically against Proteus mirabilis, Pr. vulgaris, Prov. stuartii and Serratia marcescens, and the combination was additive against most Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

The administration of cephradine to patients in renal failure.

Cephradine was given to two control and twenty subjects with varying degrees of renal failure. Serum levels at various times were recorded and side-effects noted. Recommendations for dosage schedules for subjects with renal failure have been made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Fluorimetric assay of cephradine, cephalexin and cephaloglycin.

1 A simple, rapid and reproducible fluorimetric assay for cephradine, cephalexin and cephaloglycin is described. 2 The method involves addition of formaldehyde which catalyses the formation of fluorescent derivatives. 3 The structural similarities between the side chains of these antibiotics and their identical excitation and emission spectra suggest that they may be forming similar fluorescent derivatives.

Cephalexin↗
PubMed1987

Antibiotic prophylaxis for prostatic surgery. Single-dose cephradine compared with single-dose cefotaxime.

Several previous studies have attested to the value of antibiotic prophylaxis for prostatic surgery. We report a prospective randomised study which compared a single dose of cefotaxime with a single dose of cephradine given with the induction of anaesthesia. There was little difference between these regimens and it was concluded that either may be used, depending on availability and cost of the antibiotic. We have now completed a 5-year study of antibiotic prophylaxis for prostatic surgery and we also report the results of a long-term survey of the ward flora. There has been no significant change and there is no evidence for the emergence of resistant strains.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Intravenous use of cephradine and cefazolin against serious infections.

The relative efficacy and safety of cephradine and cefazolin were compared in 180 patients with a variety of serious infections caused by susceptible organisms. The patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups of 90 patients each. Most patients received 2 to 4 g per day, administered by intravenous injection in four equally divided doses, for a minimum of 4 days. Based on the clinical and microbiological results, the two cephalosporins were found to be comparable in therapeutic effectiveness. Toxicity was not a problem with either drug.

Adolescent↗