Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cebus”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Experimental respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in cebus monkeys.

Into 14 juvenile cebus monkeys that lacked serum antibodies for RS virus 10(8) plaque-forming units (pfu) of wild-type respiratory syncytial (RS) virus were inoculated transtracheally. Roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia developed in 13 of 14 infected animals. Gross pathologic changes occurred in each of the 13 monkeys that were sacrificed. Patchy areas of red consolidation were seen in the lower lobes 24 hours after inoculation, and there was progression to gray consolidation seven days later. Each of the infected animals had histologic evidence of interstitial pneumonia. Changes were detected in the lung as early as 24 hours after inoculation; they consisted primarily of infiltration of the alveolar wall. By the fourth to sixth day after inoculation there was marked interstitial thickening, pulmonary consolidation, formation of multinucleated giant cells and development of eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies within alveolar cells. RS viral antigens, detected by indirect immunofluorescence, were distributed throughout cells of the alveolar wall and the bronchiolar epithelium. The virus grew to highest titer in the lungs on the fourth to sixth day after inoculation; up to 10(8) pfu/gram of tissue were detected. The cebus monkey represents the first experimental host to develop extensive pulmonary lesions during infection with respiratory syncytial virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Experimental chemotherapy of schistosomiasis mansoni. XIII. Activity of praziquantel, an isoquinoline-pyrazino derivative, on mice, hamsters and Cebus monkeys.

In mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni, praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline-4-one), administered orally at the levels of 100 and 50 mg/kg, for 5 consecutive days, produces oogram changes in all animals and a pronounced hepatic shift of schistosomes (97.1 and 89.1, respectively). At lowest levels (12.5 and 6.3 mg/kg), alterations in the oogram could still be detected, although hepatic shift of schistosomes was no more evident. After a single intramuscular injection, the results obtained paralleled those observed with a single-dose oral treatment. The hepatic shift was only moderate at 200 and 100 mg/kg and the percentages of worms retained in the liver, after perfusion, were particularly low. When nasal route in a 1-day regimen was used, the results obtained were slightly less evident as compared with those observed by oral route (5-day schedule). Considering the percentage of oogram changes, the degree of hepatic shift of schistosomes and the percentage of worms fixed in the liver, the antischistosomal activity of praziquantel was greater in hamsters than in mice. Actually, a daily dose as low as 12.5 mg/kg, administered for 5 consecutive days, was sufficient to shift 60.4% of the worms towards the liver and to produce alterations of the oogram in 60% of the animals. In Cebus monkeys orally treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg of praziquantel, given 3 times within a single day (total doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively), a remarkable reduction in worm burden was observed. A single oral or intramuscular dose of 100 mg/kg was found to be curative. One Cebus doses with 100 mg/kg, by nasal spray, was found to harbor only female worms at autopsy performed 69 days after treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The catecholamine pontine cellular groups locus coeruleus, A4, subcoeruleus in the primate Cebus apella.

The distrubution of CA neurons of areas A6 and A4 was delineated in Cebus apella monkey using the fluorescent histochemical technique of Falck and Hillarp. Cytospectroscopy was utilized for CA differentiation. The noradrenergic cellular regions A6, A4, and subcoeruleus have extensively increased in size in the Cebus as compared to the rat and appear to be separate nuclear regions. Area A4 is made up of two cellular subgroups: a more abundant lateral magnocellular area with cells as large as 45 mum and a smaller medial parvocellular group where the neurons are spindle-shaped and lie within 10-100 mum of the ependyma. The neuronal processes of A4 tend to be directed towards the flocculus and paraflocculus of the cerebellum. Some processes seem to enter the ependyma and others end subependymally. The functional significance of the pontine CA neurons is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Polymorphism of the middle wavelength cone in two species of South American monkey: Cebus apella and Callicebus moloch.

The spectral sensitivity of the middle wavelength cone was measured in two species of South American monkey, Cebus apella and Callicebus moloch, using electroretinogram (ERG) flicker photometry. Both of these species were found to have a polymorphism of the middle wavelength cone. Eight male Cebus monkeys each had only a single type of middle wavelength cone having lambda max values of either 550 or 562 nm. Eight Callicebus monkeys (7 male, 1 female) showed a similar polymorphism of the middle wavelength cone (lambda max = 549 or 561 nm). A single female of this latter species had two types of middle wavelength cone. The cone polymorphisms of these species appear very similar to that previously described for the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1978

Protein deficiency and energy restriction in young cebus monkeys.

Infant cebus monkeys (Cebus albifrons) were fed liquid formulas that were limited in protein, energy, or a combination of the two restrictions. Weight gain, food intake, hematological development, and plasma protein and cholesterol levels were monitored over a 20-week period. The animals restricted in protein developed the classical signs of protein deficiency--reductions in plasma albumin, a mild anemia, accumulation of fat in the liver, and, in a few cases, facial edema. These animals maintained a relatively high energy intake, and apparently wasted energy when compared to similarly non-growing energy-restricted animals. Energy-restricted animals did not exhibit these symptoms, even when their daily protein intake was reduced to match that of protein-restricted monkeys. It is concluded that an energy restriction superimposed upon a limited protein intake did not increase protein requirements or precipitate protein deficiency.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Responses of neurones in motor cortex and in area 3A to controlled stretches of forelimb muscles in cebus monkeys.

1. The experiments were designed to investigate the effects of longitudinal muscle displacements on neurones of the motor cortex of anaesthetized Cebus monkeys and thus test the hypothesis that signals from muscle spindles may modify motor cortical output. The effects of sinusoidal stretching of the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) at frequencies varying from 6 to 300 Hz and of step and rhomboidal stretches were studied in neurones of the motor cortex. For comparison, neurones of the primary receiving area for low-threshold muscle afferents, cortical area 3a, were also included in this study. Neurones of the motor cortex were subdivided into corticospinal (PT) neurones and non-corticospinal (non-PT) neurones. 2. Threshold stretch amplitudes were clearly higher for neurones of area 4 (PT and non-PT) than for 3a neurones. However, a conspicuous fall in threshold stretch amplitude was observed for all three neurone populations when the frequency of sinusoidal stretching was increased (highest frequency: 300 Hz). A small number of non-PT and PT neurones responded to vibration amplitudes of less than 100 mum and some of these low-threshold cells of area 4 also responded to rhomboidal stretches of 8 mm/sec ramp velocity and 80 mum plateau amplitude. Increasing the stretch amplitude to twice threshold nearly doubled the output magnitude in all three cell types. Neurones of area 3a and non-PT neurones of area 4 had similar latencies, and these were significantly shorter than the latencies of PT neurones tested with trains of high frequency vibration. Dynamic response patterns were observed in all three cell types, but most frequently in 3a neurones. 3. It is concluded that, in Cebus monkeys, signals from both primary and secondary muscle spindle endings from forelimb muscles reach the motor cortex. Under the present experimental conditions, the input from the primaries to the motor cortex was effective only if these spindle receptors were driven maximally by vibratory stimuli. The particularly low probability of stretch-evoked discharges of cortico-spinal neurones in the anaesthetized preparation may be explained by a low gain in transmission from input to output cells of the motor cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Genital herpesvirus hominis type 2 infection: an experimental model in cebus monkeys.

Genital infection with herpesvirus hominis type 2 was established in ten female cebus monkeys. Clinical and laboratory findings in the cebus mimic closely those observed in humans, thus providing an experimental model which may be used in the study of the possible role of genital herpetic infection in cervical cancer and in perinatal and chronic neurological diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Experimental production of respiratory tract disease in cebus monkeys after intratracheal or intranasal infection with influenza A/Victoria/3/75 or influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus.

A total of 28 cebus monkeys were inoculated intratracheally or intranasally with 10(6) 50% tissue culture infective doses of A/New Jersey/76 virus or 10(7) 50% tissue culture infective doses of A/Victoria/75 virus, and 8 additional monkeys received sterile allantoic fluid. Each of the animals became infected as evidenced by a serological response and/or shedding of the virus. Of the 10 animals inoculated intratracheally with A/Victoria/75 virus, 8 developed a systemic illness, and pulmonary infiltration was detected by X-ray in 7 of the 8. Administration of A/New Jersey/76 virus intratracheally to 10 monkeys produced a mild systemic illness in 2 animals and an upper respiratory tract illness in 6, but no illness developed in the remaining 2 monkeys; none of the animals developed X-ray evidence of lower respiratory tract disease. Intranasal administration of either virus failed to induce any illness or produced, at most, mild illness confined to the upper respiratory tract. These studies demonstrate that cebus monkeys are susceptible to respiratory tract infection with influenza A viruses and that the development of pulmonary disease is reflected in the appearance of easily recognizable radiological changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of three strains of influenza A virus in humans and in owl, cebus, and squirrel monkeys.

The virulence of three cloned influenza A viruses was compared in humans and in three readily available species of nonhuman primates (owl, squirrel, and cebus monkeys) in an attempt to identify a species of monkey that could be used to investigate the genetic basis of attenuation of influenza A viruses for humans. Three influenza A viruses from two subtypes, i.e., the A/Udorn/72 (H3N2), A/Alaska/77 (H3H2), and A/Hong Kong/77 (H1H1) viruses, produced febrile influenzal illness in humans. Squirrel monkeys developed mild upper respiratory tract illness in response to each of the three viruses. Illness was accompanied by a high level of virus shedding; each of nine squirrel monkeys that shed equal to or greater than 10(5.0) 50% tissue culture infective doses of virus became ill, whereas those that shed less remained well. In contrast, the cebus and owl monkeys remained clinically well despite infection with each of the three viruses. Thus, squirrel monkeys appear to be moderately permissive primate hosts in which to investigate the genetic basis of virulence of human influenza A viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Banding patterns of the chromosomes of Cebus albifrons. Comparative study with Cebur apella.

Quinacrine- and Giemsa-banding studies of the chromosomes of Cebus albifrons permitted to obtain a pattern that characterizes the species. The topography of the bands has been compared with that of Cebus apella. Each chromosome pair of C. albifrons has a homologue in C. apella. The differences between the two karyotypes are the result of five pericentric inversions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Presence of abundant heterochromatin in the karyotype of Cebus: C. cappucinus and C. nigrivittatus].

The karyotypes of Cebus capucinus and C. nigrivittatus (Primates, Platyrrhini) are compared after applying several banding techniques. The chromosomes have abundant intercallary heterochromatin which can be stained by R-, T- and C-band techniques and which are late replicating. The X chromosome resembles that of man and of numerous primates. However, the late replicating pattern of the X in female lymphocytes resembles that of the late replicating X of human fibroblasts rather than of human lymphocytes. Banding patterns of certain chromosomes appear analogous in Cebus and Cattarhini, including Man.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Neurohistological observations on the tongue of the tufted capuchin, Cebus apella Linnaeus, 1758.

Neurohistological observations of the tongues of the adult monkeys Cebus apella are described. It was noted that the Cebus tongue presents few vallate papilae situated mainly in the posterior and lateral parts; fungi and filiforms are spread all over the dorsal surface. Histologically there was evidence that numerous nerve fibres of variable size come from the deep layers of the tongue to the surface structure. In many regions they constitute plexuses, other cross the muscular and glandular layers, going to the epithelial layer of the tongue's mucosa. The vallate and fungiform papillae are supplied with abundant nerve fibres which terminate free and are furnished with many taste buds. The epithelium and surrounding connective tissue is innervated by the fibres with free or ramified endings. The muscular layer shows muscle fibres distributed in all directions and the presence of motor end plates and nerve fibres is evident.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Ultrastructure of quiescent oocytes of Cebus albifrons.

Quiescent oocytes of the monkey Cebus albifrons were examined with the electron microscope. In many respects the ultrastructure of these cells was similar to that of other mammalian species. Elongate and oval mitochondria, lamellar Golgi complexes, small profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuolar organelles were randomly distributed around a round nucleus which usually contained a nucleolus and clumps of heterochromatin. Among the unusual morphological characteristics of these oocytes are 'membranous aggregates', membrane-bound organelles containing a complex of convoluted membranes, some very dense rod-like structures and a droplet of moderate density which resembles lipid. A similar droplet is frequently found in mitochondria. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in many of these oocytes, forming parallel arrays and concentric rings around the nucleus. Folded membrane complexes, apparent elaborations of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, are frequently found in the cytoplasm in continuity with cisternae of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and associated with vesicles which often contain flocculent material. The morphology of Cebus oocytes suggests a greater rate of steroid and protein synthesis, transport, and storage than is usually indicated by the ultrastructure of other mammalian oocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Naturally occurring tuberculosis in a squirrel monkey and a cebus monkey.

Tuberculosis was detected in a Brazilian squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) and in a cebus monkey (Cebus apella). Both of these animals were housed in the same room with a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) subsequently found to be tuberculous. All 3 of the monkeys died within a 4-month period.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Sexual dimorphism and interspecific cranial form in two capuchin species: Cebus albifrons and C. apella.

Ontogenetic patterns of sexual dimorphism and cranial form in two capuchin monkeys, Cebus albifrons and C. apella, are investigated by means of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics. The analyses are based on 23 linear variables. Univariate analyses indicate that similar ontogenetic patterns of cranial sexual dimorphism are present; however, interspecific differences exist in timing. Ontogenetic scaling is present in both species' crania; however, it is more prevalent in C. albifrons. Several departures are present in cranial regions associated with orbital shape, the dental arcade, and the muscles of mastication. The latter two indicate that sexual differences in diet and/or foraging strategies may exist. Sexual selection is suggested as being the primary selective regime underlying the observed patterns of cranial sexual dimorphism in each species. Interspecific comparisons confirm that C. apella possesses a more dimorphic cranium than C. albifrons and that sexual dimorphism in C. apella begins earlier in development. Although interspecific ontogenetic scaling is present in some cranial variables, C. apella is not just a scaled-up version of C. albifrons. These sympatric congeners seem to be differentiated by variables related to the orbital region and the masticatory apparatus, as indicated by both departures from ontogenetic scaling and results of the discriminant function analysis. Ecological selection, rather than varying degrees of sexual selection, is likely to be responsible for this finding given that C. apella is known to consume hard-object foods. This is consistent with the predicted outcome of the competitive exclusion principle.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Object-use in free-ranging white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in Costa Rica.

Chimpanzees and capuchins demonstrate greater varieties and higher rates of tool-use when compared to other non-human primates. Although capuchins have been studied extensively in captivity, data on their tool-using behavior under free-ranging conditions are limited. This is the first long-term field research to systematically study complex object manipulation in capuchins. The aims of this research are 1) to examine the types, rates, and contexts of tool- and object-use in free-ranging capuchins and 2) to determine if free-ranging capuchins' object manipulation behavior is comparable to the behavior exhibited by captive individuals. Data on 3 troops of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) were collected from February 1995 to January 1996 at Palo Verde, Costa Rica. Data were collected using focal animal and ad libitum sampling techniques. Any observed incident of tool-use and object-use was recorded. No tool-use was observed during the 11-month study. Object-use (pound, rub, and fulcrum-use) occurred at a rate of 0.19/hr and made up less than 1% of the monkeys' time (there were no differences among the age/sex classes). The results indicate that free-ranging capuchins do not exhibit the range of tool-using behavior demonstrated by their captive counterparts. This may be the result of differential motivational responses to objects, arboreal lifestyle, absence of adequate tool material, and/or absence of food resources that require extraction involving tool-use.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Early lateral bias in tufted capuchins (Cebus apella).

We investigated the development of lateral bias in infant tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) by recording head orientation during the first 2 postnatal weeks and hand preference during Weeks 23 to 24 and 47 to 48. We found that lateral bias for head orientation at 1 to 2 weeks was negatively related to hand preference at 23 to 24 weeks. Further, we found population-level left-hand preferences at both 23 to 24 and 47 to 48 weeks, and that hand preference at 23 to 24 weeks is positively correlated with hand preference at 47 to 48 weeks. We also noted a trend toward a sex difference in the direction of neonatal head orientation, with males exhibiting a left-side preference and females exhibiting a lack of preference toward either side. Our findings differ from those obtained in studies with developing humans and chimpanzees in two important ways. First, the trend for head orientation and hand preference in infant capuchins was to the left rather than to the right. Second, we found a negative relation between direction of early head orientation and subsequent hand preference. It seems likely that research examining cerebral development in capuchins will help us to better understand the occurrence of left-handedness and the development of cerebral dominance in humans.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Relationship of early infant state measures to behavior over the first year of life in the tufted capuchin monkey (Cebus apella).

Data on activity states were collected from 29 group-housed capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) infants for 3 h each week from birth to 11 weeks of age. The amounts of time spent in sleeping/drowsy, alert-quiet, and alert-active states were measured in these subjects. Videotaped observations of these infants were recorded 3 times/week in the home cage over the first year of life and were scored for a number of social and exploratory behaviors. The extent to which early infant activity state scores predicted later behavior in the home cage was examined. Infant state measures correlated significantly with home cage behavior during months 2-6 in that infants that had been more active in early infancy spent more time alone, with other animals, and in exploration and play and less time with mothers than did quieter infants. Early state measures were less successful in predicting home cage scores beyond 8 months of age, whereas differences in behavior attributable to housing variables became more salient in the latter part of the first year. There was also a negative correlation between mother and infant activity in months 2 and 3, in that more sedentary mothers tended to have more active infants.

Aging↗