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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Studies on hemodynamics and cardiac function in the immediate postoperative period following open heart surgery.

Hemodynamics and cardiac function in the immediate postoperative period following open heart surgery were studied by means of a Swan-Ganz catheter and a thermodilution output computer. Pulmonary arterial pressure decreased at 3 hr after operation in congenital and mitral valvular diseases either with or without pulmonary hypertension. Then pulmonary arterial pressure maintained the decreased level subsequently in patients without pulmonary hypertension or with moderate pulmonary hypertension. However, in cases of severe pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial pressure increased concomitantly with the increase of pulmonary arterial resistance in adult cases, but maintained the decreased level in juvenile cases. Pulmonary wedge pressure decreased to 3 hr after operation and maintained the decreased level. Right atrail pressure fluctuated within normal range. The cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work index increased between 3 to 6 hr after operation in congenital and mitral valvular diseases and decreased temporarily between 9 to 30 hr and then increased again. The cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work index in mitral valvular diseases showed values lower than those in congenital heart diseases. The increase of cardiac index and left ventricular stroke work index after open heart surgery was more remarkable in mitral valvular diseases than in congenital heart diseases.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of Polygonum cuspidatum No 4 on the enhancement of cardiac function during burn shock].

A burn shock model was produced in rats by scalding the lumbus and lower extremities with 80 degrees C water for 30 seconds. The variable of cardiac functions were measured with a Cardiac-II-R cardio-output computer. It was shown that heart functions decreased as early as 10 min following scalding. Cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), and stroke volume index (SVI) were reduced by 40% of normal, and stroke work (SW) by 47%. With the decrease of CO, total peripheral resistance (TPR) increased. Two hour later TPR was increased 2.6-fold more than pre-burn level, which made BP maintain nearly normal. TPR started to reduce at 3 hr post-burn, resulting in decrease of BP. The decreased heart function returned to near normal by administration of crystal of Polygonum cuspidatum No 4 (p.c), e.g, CO and CI were increased to 91.0% of pre-burn value, SW to 100.1%, and SVI to 102.0%. The increased TPR was reduced to near normal. Half of p.c.-treated animals survived within 24 hr, but all of simple burn animals and n.s.-treated animals died within 24 hr. Under the condition of no fluid infusion, administration of p.c. could restore the decreased heart function, which showed that besides loss of plasma, direct myocardial depression was one of the reason for the decrease of cardiac output during burn shock. The survival rate of animals with burn shock was enhanced by injection of p.c., which indicated that increasing heart function was a very important measure for the treatment of burn shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Radionuclide evaluation of cardiac function during sleep in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

The influence of sleep on cardiac function in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia was assessed in five children 1.5 to 5 years of age. Left and right ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF and RVEF) were investigated by equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography in five children undergoing polygraphic monitoring during the different states of alertness: wakefulness, nonrapid eye movement sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep. Intraobserver and interobserver LVEF and RVEF measurement reproducibility was high. During quiet, supine wakefulness, LVEF was normal, but RVEF was low. During sleep, a decrease in both LVEF and RVEF, expressed as a percentage of the awake value, was marked in the two children with the most nocturnal desaturation and longest duration of paradoxic rib cage motion during inspiration. It is concluded that radionuclide ventriculography can be easily performed during sleep in children and can provide useful information regarding right ventricular function during sleep in children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1990

Cardiac function of WHHL rabbit, an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia.

To investigate the cardiac function of WHHL rabbit (WHHL), an animal model of familial hypercholesterolemia, electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (UCG) were taken from this species of homozygous type and normolipidemic Japanese White rabbits (controls). In WHHL, two of four had intraventricular conduction disturbances (IVCD) in ECG. UCG study showed that the ejection fraction significantly increased (p less than 0.05) and deceleration time was shortened (p less than 0.01) in WHHL compared to normal controls.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute hemodynamic effects of indigo carmine in the presence of compromised cardiac function.

This report describes the acute hemodynamic effects of indigo carmine in a surgical patient with compromised cardiac function. A 68-year-old woman with stable but severe cardiac dysfunction and renal artery stenosis was scheduled for an elective aortorenal bypass procedure. No hemodynamic instability occurred during the operation until the patient was administered intravenous (IV) indigo carmine 5 ml. At that time, the patient experienced an acute increase in afterload, which resulted in acute left ventricular failure documented by a decrease in cardiac output (CO) and an increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Until further studies defining the mechanism for its hypertensive side effect are performed, indigo carmine should be used with caution in patients with severe cardiac dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Cardiac function noninvasively evaluated by phasic pattern analysis of ventricular power during ejection].

To evaluate cardiac function, ventricular power during ejection (power) and the rate of change of power (dPower/dt) were assessed noninvasively. Power was determined from the product of aortic flow (Fa(t] and brachial arterial pressure (Pa(t]. Fa(t) was measured at the suprasternal notch using an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler flowmeter with a 2 MHz carrier frequency and 10 KHz repetition frequency. The maximum detectable blood velocity was 380 cm/sec. Pa(t) was measured using a newly-developed method based on indirect unloading techniques and an air pressure system. There were 21 normal subjects and seven patients with coronary artery disease in this study. The following results were obtained. There was no significant difference between power patterns calculated by Pa(t) and Pao(t) (aortic pressure measured by catheter). The average peak dPower/dt was 160.2 J/sec2 in normal subjects, 145.2 L/sec2 in patients with ejection fractions greater than 50%, and 93.5 J/sec2 in patients with ejection fraction less than 50%. Peak dPower/dt was significantly decreased in patients with the lower ejection fraction (p less than 0.005). The results indicated that this index is clinically useful in evaluating cardiac contractility.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Non-invasive assessment of cardiac function in poisoning with drugs.

Systolic time intervals (STI) have been used in evaluating cardiac function in 21 patients who had taken an overdose of drugs. Registrations were made in all patients on arrival at the hospital and on the third day. On arrival STI was abnormal in 16 patients (76%). At the second registration it was still abnormal in ten (48%). Prolongations of total electromechanical systole (QS2) and preejection period (PEP) were the most frequent findings. The patients with abnormal STI at the first registration showed a significant improvement in QS2 (p less than 0.01) and PEP (p less than 0.05) from the first to the third day. Two of the four patients who had taken amitriptyline in a slow release form showed a prolongation of PEP and an increase in PEP/LVET from the first to the third day, and on patient has a further prolongation of the fifth day. The findings may be explained by a reduction of cardiac contractility caused by the membrane-stabilizing effect of the drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The failure of radical scavengers to attenuate the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias despite improvement of cardiac function.

We studied the concomitant effects of scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on both cardiac function and the incidence of arrhythmias. Isolated rat heart was perfused with a working mode paced at 300 beats/min. The left coronary artery was occluded for 5, 7, 15, or 60 min and reperfused thereafter for 30 min. Superoxide dismutase and catalase were infused from 5 min prior to reperfusion to the end of reperfusion in the scavenger treatment group. In the 60-min ischemia group with scavenger treatment, the cardiac output was significantly higher than that in the untreated group at both 10 and 30 min of reperfusion (P less than 0.01). In the 15-min ischemia group with scavenger treatment, the cardiac output showed a tendency toward a higher value than that in the untreated group. The incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias occurring after a short ischemic time (5, 7, or 15 min) were similar in the scavenger treated and untreated groups; but, with a preceding ischemia of 60 min, the incidence of ventricular tachycardia was higher in the scavenger treated group than in the untreated group (P less than 0.02). In conclusion, scavengers improved contractile dysfunction but did not attenuate the incidence of arrhythmias.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effects of arteriovenous shunts on cardiac function in renal dialysis patients--an echocardiographic evaluation.

To estimate the flow rate in arteriovenous dialysis fistulae and its effect on cardiac function we investigated 7 dialysis patients (1 woman, 6 men, mean age 33 +/- 3 years) echocardiographically before and after 10 minutes occlusion of the arteriovenous shunt. Cardiac index was signigicantly raised (4.31 +/- 0.23 l/min/m2) and fell significantly into the normal range to 3.89 +/- 0.11 l/min/m2 after occlusion of the AV fistula. This reduction was mainly due to a fall in heart rate from 82 +/- 4 beats/min to 76 +/- 5 beats/min. The estimated AV fistula flow rate (0.71 +/- 0.17 l/m) has been similarly reported in invasive hemodynamic studies. Parameters of cardiac contractility were in the lower range of normal with an average of 1.16 +/- 0.10 circ/sec for the mean velocity of fiber shortening (Vcf) and 65 +/- 4% for the ejection fraction. These decreased minimally after fistula occlusion. The single echocardiographic measurements of Vcf and ejection fraction showed good correlation (r=0.97) and revealed evidence that only these patients with poor left ventricular function and septal hypertrophy showed improved cardiac performance after occlusion of the arteriovenous fistula. Thus echocardiography may offer the opportunity to select those patients who need small AV-fistulae for optimal renal and cardiac treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Cardiac function in endocrine diseases: I. Acromegaly.

The aim of our echocardiographic study was to characterize cardiac function and anatomy of 14 acromegalics (A: 9 women, 5 men; mean age: 42.4 yrs) more closely. The duration of acromegaly in 4 of these patients was between 3 and 12 years; the disease was diagnosed for the first time in the other patients. Double M-mode echocardiography was performed in all patients and the results compared with data obtained from a control group of 24 healthy volunteers (N: 22 men, 2 women; mean age: 23 yrs). The mean left ventricular diameter at end-diastole was greater in the acromegalics than in the controls (A: 55 +/- 6 mm, N: 50 +/- 4 mm; p less than 0.005, means +/- SD). After correction for age and body surface area, it, however, was outside the 95% confidence interval in 5 patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 3 patients, one of whom had coexistent arterial hypertension. A total of 3 patients were hypertensive. Significantly higher values for the maximal velocity of systolic wall thickening (A: 6.1 +/- 0.6 cm/s, N: 4.2 +/- 0.6 cm/s, p less than 0.001) and diameter change (A: 12.4 +/- 2.0 cm/s, N: 10.6 +/- 1.0 cm/s, p less than 0.005) indicate increased contractility with concurrently increased relaxation; fractional shortening did not differ significantly (A: 38 +/- 5%, N: 37 +/- 5%, ns). The isovolumetric relaxation period at diastole was slightly longer in the acromegalics (A: 70 +/- 17 ms, N: 61 +/- 13 ms, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1991

Prospective assessment of cardiac function in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Prospective evaluation of cardiac function was undertaken in 21 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) as part of a phase II clinical trial of 4'epirubicin. All patients were homosexual or bisexual males of median age 34 years (range 23-65). All patients had disseminated cutaneous involvement by KS and seven had systemic organ involvement. No patient had a history of cardiac symptoms, and physical examination of the cardiovascular system was within normal limits for all patients. The baseline ECG was normal in only nine patients (45%). Five had non-specific S-T segment and T-wave changes. Two had poor R-wave progression, and one patient each had incomplete right bundle branch block, left axis deviation, and voltage criteria suggestive of left ventricular hypertrophy. Radionuclide angiography was performed on all patients and compared to 12 age-matched, low-likelihood male controls. The mean ejection fraction (EF) at rest was 61.0 +/- 8.4%, and was not significantly different from the normal control value of 62.4 +/- 7.0%. Similarly the EF during exercise was 66.7 +/- 5.0%, again not significantly different from the control value of 67.8 +/- 5.8%. A drop in EF during exercise was seen in five of 15 KS patients compared to three of 12 controls. Chamber size was normal for both ventricles in only 14 patients (67%) with right ventricular dilatation seen in seven patients (33%). Wall motion abnormalities were also seen in nine patients (42.9%), with the right ventricle affected in eight patients (38.1%), chiefly involving the apex. No chamber size or wall motion abnormalities were seen in the control patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Cardiac function in obstructive sleep apnea patients following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with severe cardiac arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities. Cor pulmonale and right-sided heart failure may ensue. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is one of several treatment modalities suggested for OSAS. Tracheotomy and CPAP treatment in adult OSAS patients and adenotonsillectomy in children with OSAS were shown to lead to improvement in some cardiac parameters. Cardiac function was prospectively evaluated in 19 OSAS patients before and after UPPP. No significant changes after surgery were noted on electrocardiographic studies. Improvement in global and regional function of both ventricles was seen in 91% of the patients. A trend toward significant elevation in left ventricular ejection fraction and a statistically significant increase in right ventricular ejection fraction were observed (45% +/- 9% to 50% +/- 7% [p = 0.007]). Our results support performance of UPPP in selected OSAS patients for relief of potentially life-threatening cardiac pathologies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac function in the chronically volume-overloaded canine heart.

In the chronically volume-overloaded canine heart due to AV-block evaluations of cardiac function were performed during the development of hypertrophy and at stable hypertrophy. In an early stage (1 and 2 weeks of AV-block) when no or only a slight increase of cardiac muscle occurred, contractility measured from dP/dtmax at comparable load is elevated, while later (10 weeks of AV-block) when stable hypertrophy is present, contractility becomes again normal, In the hypertrophied heart a non-depressed cardiac performance and contractility and functional reserve was established from insitu experiments and from evaluations in the isolated heart.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative analysis of cardiac function in non-immunological hydrops fetalis.

The present study was designed to quantitatively evaluate fetal cardiac dysfunction in fetal congestive heart failure associated with cardiogenic hydrops fetalis. Thirty-seven cases of non-immunological hydrops fetalis and/or fetal heart disease were assigned to four groups: (1) hydrops fetalis with structural heart disease; (2) hydrops fetalis without heart disease; (3) structural heart diseases without hydrops, and (4) complete A-V block without hydrops. One hundred and ten control fetuses were also studied. The ejection fraction in the first and third groups was significantly lower than that in the control. In the first group, systolic flow velocity in the descending aorta normalized but gestational age was significantly lower than that in the controls. Compensation of fetal cardiac function in the fourth group (complete A-V block) was noted on the basis of higher flow velocity and higher contractility. The cardiothoracic area ratios of the pathological and control groups were also evaluated.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Pathophysiological analysis of cardiac function by computer processing of echocardiograms].

Automatic image processing system has been developed for analysis of cardiac function with echocardiograms. Echograms of apical long axis view were transferred to microcomputer system and processed to display three dimensional images of left ventricular myocardium. With this technology, analysis of left ventricular wall thickness in three dimensional manner revealed pathophysiological changes in ischemic heart disease.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1977

Dose-dependent depression of cardiac function and metabolism by halothane in swine (Sus scrofa).

Halothane depresses myocardial blood flow and metabolism in the dog, but no studies in man have been published. However, the coronary circulation of the pig is remarkably similar to that of man. The authors investigated the effects of halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia on cardiac function and metabolism in piglets. Thermodilution cardiac output, catheter-tip-manometer measurement of left ventricular function, electro-magnetic flowmeter measurement of coronary blood flow, and blood and tissue measurements of gases and metabolites were made during 0.04 (control), 0.46 (low concentration), and 1.04 (high concentration) per cent halothane vaporized in nitrous oxide, 60 per cent: oxygen, 40 per cent. Compared with control, the low concentration decreased cardiac output (CO) by 10 per cent, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) by 30 per cent, peak contractile element velocity (Vmax by 34 percent, coronary blood flow (CBF) by 36 per cent, and cardiac oxygen uptake (V02) by 55 per cent. Compared with control, the high concentration decreased CO by 32 per cent, LVSP and Vmax by 53 per cent, CBF by 63 per cent and V02 by 62 per cent. This indicates that the dose-related depression in left ventricular function produced by halothane was accompanied by equivalent decreases in coronary blood flow and oxygen comsumption. There was minimal evidence of anaerobic metabolism in these depressed ventricles. Tissue levels of the high-energy phosplates, adenosinetriphosphate and creatine phosphate, and glycogen were unchanged. It is concluded that changes in cardiac oxygenation and metabolism in the pig during halothane anesthesia result from the changes in ventricular function.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of terbutaline sulfate on fetal cardiac function.

An isolated heart preparation was used to study the effects of terbutaline sulfate (Brethine) on fetal cardiac function. Pregnant guinea pigs received daily subcutaneous injections of terbutaline for 10 day, whereas a control group received placebo injections. Fetal guinea pig hearts were evaluated for cariodynamic and pathologic differences. Fetuses exposed to terbutaline demonstrated a higher mean heart rate (p less than 0.01), a higher mean heart weight (p less than 0.05), a higher mean heart weight/body weight ratio (p less than 0.01), and a trend toward higher left ventricular systolic pressure levels (p less than 0.1). These hemodynamic responses in fetuses exposed to terbutaline may result in increased functional demands that may predispose myocardial tissue to damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Beneficial effects of yohimbine on posthypoxic recovery of cardiac function and myocardial metabolism in isolated perfused rabbit hearts.

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the possible actions of yohimbine on cardiac function and metabolism in the hypoxic and subsequently reoxygenated myocardium. For this purpose, rabbit hearts were perfused for 20 min under hypoxic conditions, followed by 45 min reoxygenated perfusion, and their functional and metabolic alterations with and without yohimbine treatment were examined. Hypoxia induced cessation of cardiac contractile force, rise in resting tension and depletion of tissue high-energy phosphates, which were poorly recovered by subsequent reoxygenation. Hypoxia also induced release of creatine kinase and ATP metabolites from perfused hearts and increases in tissue calcium and sodium contents, which were further enhanced upon subsequent reoxygenation. When hypoxic hearts were treated with 3 to 30 microM yohimbine, several beneficial effects were observed in a concentration-dependent manner. This included enhancement of posthypoxic recovery of contractile function and suppression of the hypoxia- and reoxygenation-induced rise in resting tension. Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced release of ATP metabolites was inhibited and restoration of myocardial high-energy phosphates enhanced. Inhibition of reoxygenation-induced rise in tissue calcium and sodium and creatine kinase release were also noted. The findings suggest that suppression of transmembrane flux of ions, substrates and enzymes during hypoxia/reoxygenation plays a role in the posthypoxic functional and metabolic recovery. Yohimbine (3-30 microM) significantly depressed the maximal stimulus frequency the left atria could follow. These results suggest a close relationship between depression in the maximal driving frequency of atria and enhancement of the posthypoxic contractile and metabolic recovery of perfused hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗