Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cancer Prognosis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Expression of neuronal protein synuclein gamma gene as a novel marker for breast cancer prognosis.

Synucleins are emerging as central players in the fundamental neural processes and in the formation of pathologically insoluble deposits characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. However, synuclein gamma (SNCG), previously identified as a breast cancer specific gene (BCSG1), is also highly expressed in breast carcinomas, but not expressed in normal or benign breast tissues. We analyzed SNCG gene expression in 93 clinical breast specimens and associated it with clinical outcome. Overall SNCG mRNA expression was detectable in 36% breast cancers. However, 81% of stage III/IV breast cancers were positive for SNCG expression, while only 15% of stage I/II breast cancers were positive for SNCG expression. In contrast, SNCG was undetectable in benign breast lesions. Expression of SNCG in the primary tumor also significantly associated with lymph node involvement and metastasis. There was no significant correlation between SNCG gene expression and age, menstruation, and status of ER, PR, PCNA, and HER-2. Patients whose tumors expressed SNCG had a significantly shorter DFS and a high probability of death when compared with those whose tumors did not express SNCG. The hazard ratio of metastasis or recurrence according to the SNCG status was 4.515 (95% CI, 1,188-17.154; P = 0.027). Cox multivariate analysis showed that SNCG had independent prognostic significance above and beyond conventional variables. This study suggests that the expression of SNCG is an independent predictive marker for recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer progression. SNCG is expected to be a useful marker for breast cancer progression and a potential target for breast cancer treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

TP53 mutations and breast cancer prognosis: particularly poor survival rates for cases with mutations in the zinc-binding domains.

Acquired mutations in TP53 as well as immunohistochemically detectable protein expression have been implicated as prognostic factors for breast cancer. We have evaluated the relationship between mutations detected in 119 breast tumours and various clinicohistopathological indices, stratifying the mutations according to the functional domains as defined by the recent elucidation of the crystal structure of the protein. Patients with missense mutations located in regions encoding parts of the protein involved in zinc-binding had significantly decreased disease-free and overall survival relative to patients whose tumours had mutations in other domains. These results indicate that these biochemically defined domains also have biological relevance in terms of breast cancer disease course, and suggest that some mutations in TP53, more than others, can contribute to the development of clinically more aggressive and perhaps treatment resistant breast tumours. When confirmed, this will be of potential importance in predicting the clinical behaviour of breast cancer and its responsiveness to therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

"Good Old" clinical markers have similar power in breast cancer prognosis as microarray gene expression profilers.

We compared the power of gene expression measurements with that of conventional prognostic markers, i.e., clinical, histopathological, and cell biological parameters, for predicting distant metastases in breast cancer patients using both established prognostic indices (e.g., the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI)) and novel combinations of conventional markers. We used publicly available data on 97 patients, and the performance of metastasis prediction was represented by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) areas and Kaplan-Meier plots. The gene expression profiler did not perform noticeably better than indices constructed from the clinical variables, e.g., the well established NPI. When analysing separately subgroups, according to the oestrogen receptor (ER) status both approaches could predict clinical outcome more easily for the ER-positive than for the ER-negative cohort. Given the time it may take before microarray processing is used worldwide, particularly due to the costs and the lack of standards, it is important to pursue research using conventional markers. Our analysis suggests that it might be possible to improve the combination of different conventional prognostic markers into one prognostic index.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Breast cancer prognosis determined by gene expression profiling: a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction study.

PURPOSE: We sought to reproduce with quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) the results obtained with a 70-gene expression profile that has been described previously in breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Frozen breast cancer samples from patients who were operated on were used to isolate tumor RNA. Ninety-six patients with stage I to II disease were included. Median age was 57 years (range, 27 to 80 years). Forty-eight patients had lymph node-negative and 48 lymph node-positive disease. qRT-PCR amplifications were performed and the results were correlated with clinical data. RESULTS: After a minimum follow-up of 5 years, 25 patients had a relapse. The gene profile divided patients into two groups with poor and good prognosis. Significant differences with regard to grade of differentiation, size and hormone receptors were seen between the two groups. The gene profile was significantly associated with relapse-free survival and overall survival in the whole group of 96 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that only lymph node status and gene profile were significantly correlated to overall survival. CONCLUSION: qRT-PCR reproduced the results obtained with microarrays for a prognostic gene profile in women with early-stage breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Assessment of intratumoral vascularization (angiogenesis) in breast cancer prognosis.

The search for prognostic markers is important both to identify those patients with occult metastases and also to spare chemotherapy in those patients whose tumors have not developed the capacity for distant spread. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is necessary for breast cancer growth and metastasis. Good correlation has been demonstrated between intratumoral vascularization and outcome in patients with breast cancer. Intratumoral vascularization in human breast cancer can be measured by using standard immunohistochemical methods. Strict guidelines for scoring need to be followed. Although attempts are being made to automate the reading, visual scoring remains superior. We studied a population of women with small node-negative breast cancer who received no adjuvant therapy and have a median follow-up of 15 years. We have found intratumoral vascularization, as measured by microvessel count, to be an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. Low microvessel count identifies a group of patients with a 20 year disease free survival of 93%. The proportion of women with low microvessel count decreases with increase in tumor size and increases with patient age. But even in mammographically detected nonpalpable breast cancer, that is, the smallest breast cancer we currently detect, the majority already have high microvessel count. Intratumoral vascularization appears to be an early event that is necessary but not sufficient for metastatic progression. Microvessel count seems to be an excellent marker to identify patients with good prognosis because those with low microvessel count have a 93% disease-free survival irrespective of size, grade, or estrogen receptor status, but is less good at predicting those at high risk since the 20-year disease-free survival is still 67-70% in those with high microvessel count. Thus, the higher risk group needs to be further stratified using additional prognostic factors.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ovarian cancer prognosis and expression of receptors to sex hormones and proliferative activity of tumor cells].

The aim of the study was to investigate prognostic value of proliferate activity and expression of receptors to sex hormones in relapse of malignant epithelial ovarian tumors. Operative biopsy material of 120 patients with serous ovarian carcinoma was investigated. Tissue stained with hematoxilin and eosin and by Felgen method were studied for mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical characteristics in 20 cases were evaluated with monoclonal proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibodies, estrogens and progesterone receptor antibodies. Correlation between proliferate activity of neoplasm and ovarian cancer relapse risk was found. Presence of progesterone receptors is a favorable prognosis factor in females with malignant serous neoplasm of the ovary.

Cell Proliferation↗
PubMed2004

Expression of cell survival/death genes: Bcl-2 and Bax at the rate of colon cancer prognosis.

The rate of tumour growth is dependent on the balance between proliferation and apoptosis at all stages of carcinogenesis. Apoptosis inhibition, in turn, depends partly on the balance between expression of two cell death regulatory genes, Bcl-2 and Bax. Colon cancer has long been associated with disturbances in apoptosis regulation. The aim of our study was to determine the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNAs in 1 microg sample of total RNA obtained from normal colon and colon adenocarcinoma. This study was intended to evaluate possible differences in Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA levels at particular stages of colon adenocarcinoma classified according to Duke's system. The apoptotic frequency (represented by Bax mRNA copy number) was inversely proportional to the decrease of Bcl-2 gene expression. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was performed to confirm apoptosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Colorectal cancer: prognosis after curative surgical treatment without extended elective lymphadenectomy in patients in Dukes C stage].

A retrospective analysis has been carried out on a group of 103 Dukes C cases from a series of 412 patients with colorectal carcinoma, operated on from January 1970 to November 1983. The 5-year survival rate was 32% in patients who had a curative resection (median survival: 24 months). Larger numbers of lymph nodes were obtained with right or left colectomy. As regards the treatment of rectal cancer, similar numbers of nodes were obtained either with anterior resection or with Miles' operation. Prognosis was significantly correlated to tumor location, number of involved nodes (p less than 0.01) and grading of the primary tumor (p less than 0.01). The use of extended left colectomy with elective abdominopelvic lymphadenectomy was associated with a small raise of survival and a definite increase of perioperative morbidity and mortality compared to conservative surgical resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Papillary thyroid cancer--prognosis and prognostic factors].

90 papillary thyroid carcinomas (operated on between 1952 and 1977) were retrospectively analysed. The median follow-up is 5.29 years (range 0.08-29.42 years). After the primary operation only 68.9% of all patients may be classified as "tumor free". The lethality rate from thyroid cancer is 28.9%, the cumulative survival rates at 10 and 20 years are 50.92% and 32.06%, respectively. Thus survival is not significantly different from the one of our follicular carcinomas. The whole material was characterized thoroughly by clinical and morphological parameters. The simultaneous examination of the variables as to their prognostic relevance was performed by means of a log-logistic regression model for survival data. Age, extension of primary tumor, vascular invasion and presence of colloid determined prognosis. For the histopathological practice a differentiation between vascular and lymphatic invasion is demanded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Incomplete tumor volume reduction may improve cancer prognosis.

Currently, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy are the standard treatment for un-resectable solid malignant tumors. New "virtual scalpel" methods, such as MRI guided focused ultrasound, can target tumor tissues for destruction without the need for a resection and its possible complications. Unfortunately, the current state of the art cannot guarantee the safe and full destruction of all the targeted tissues. The main hypothesis is that for cancer patients, even incomplete tumor volume reduction will increase the efficiency of some systemic therapies as well as of natural healing mechanisms, and thus, may improve the quality of life and the prognosis. It is conjectured that partial tumor volume destruction will reduce the releases of endocrine substances from tumor cells, thus, improving the overall systemic condition. Furthermore, it may improve the efficiency of chemotherapy and immunotherapy and possibly trigger a natural immune response. The decrease of tumor volume may also slow down the process of invasion and metastasis. It is recommended that as a standard practice of palliative care, any un-resectable tumor volume will be considered for destruction with virtual scalpel techniques such as MRI guided focused ultrasound. Furthermore, it is suggested that this process is synergetic with chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Drug Therapy↗
PubMed1996

[Cancer prognosis, psychosocial stress and attitude of melanoma patients to supportive psychotherapy].

A total of 205 patients suffering from stage I and stage II melanoma were investigated with reference to psychological stress, social support and attitude to offers of psychotherapeutic support. Additional counselling by their dermatologist was considered helpful by 59% of the patients, and interviews with a psychotherapist, by 20%. Patients who where more anxious about a progression of the cancer and thought they had not been given sufficient information about their illness preferred to seek help from the dermatologist. Patients who appreciated additional counselling by a psychotherapist were usually those with a poorer prognosis for their melanoma and those on whom psychosocial distress weighed especially heavily and who had less social support.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Computer-derived nuclear "grade" and breast cancer prognosis.

Visual assessments of nuclear grade are subjective yet still prognostically important. Now, computer-based analytical techniques can objectively and accurately measure size, shape and texture features, which constitute nuclear grade. The cell samples used in this study were obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) during the diagnosis of 187 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer. Regions of FNA preparations to be analyzed were digitized and displayed on a computer monitor. Nuclei to be analyzed were roughly outlined by an operator using a mouse. Next, the computer generated a "snake" that precisely enclosed each designated nucleus. Ten nuclear features were then calculated for each nucleus based on these snakes. These results were analyzed statistically and by an inductive machine learning technique that we developed and call "recurrence surface approximation" (RSA). Both the statistical and RSA machine learning analyses demonstrated that computer-derived nuclear features are prognostically more important than are the classic prognostic features, tumor size and lymph node status.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

V factor (tumor volume) and T factor (FIGO classification) in the assessment of cervix cancer prognosis: the risk of lymph node spread.

An attempt was made by investigation of the operative specimens from 98 patients suffering from epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix to assess the relationship between lymphatic spread on one hand and tumor volume and anatomical stage on the other hand. Within the same anatomical stage the risk of lymphatic spread is more important as the tumor volume increases. The reverse is also true. Within the same volume the risk of lymphatic spread increases when cancer extends beyond the "cervix-parametrium" barrier. The anatomical classification based on the T factor deserves to be retained, classification which some wanted to replace by another one based exclusively on the V factor.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2002

Adverse effects of obesity on breast cancer prognosis, and the biological actions of leptin (review).

Leptin is a hormone with multiple biological actions which is produced predominantly by adipose tissue; in humans, plasma levels correlate with total body fat, and particularly high concentrations occur in obese women. Several actions of leptin, including the stimulation of normal and tumor cell growth, migration and invasion, and enhancement of angiogenesis, suggest that this hormone can promote an aggressive breast cancer phenotype which can be estrogen-independent. This effect may involve activation of the transcription factor NFkappaB. Leptin can also induce aromatase activity, with the potential for the promotion of estrogen production from androstenedione in adipose tissue, and hence the stimulation of estrogen-dependent breast cancer progression. On this basis, we hypothesize that leptin, perhaps in association with insulin, the plasma concentrations of which correlate with those of leptin, has an important role in the known adverse effect of obesity on breast cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pathology of preinvasive and excellent-prognosis cancers.

Recent advances in breast cancer treatment have made recognition of different prognostic groups mandatory. In addition, further experience with screening-detected lesions has resulted in the definition of new associations. Therapeutic approaches to these frequently microscopic lesions are currently the source of much debate. This article reviews recent studies of excellent-prognosis carcinomas as well as premalignant and other histologically defined lesions that indicate an increased risk for the development or recurrence of carcinoma. Advances in fine-needle aspiration and in hormone receptor assays are also reviewed.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1997

Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, an indication of dietary fatty acids, and breast cancer prognosis.

PURPOSE: Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue is an indicator of the long-term ingestion pattern of several specific fatty acids. There is good correlation of antecedent diet with the essential fatty acids, and there is reflection of the diet with the fatty acids that can be synthesized. The relationship between the fatty acid levels and lymph node status and clinical outcome was examined. METHODS: At the time of diagnostic surgery, 161 women with clinical stage T1NO breast cancer had subcutaneous adipose tissue (breast and abdominal) aspirated. The concentrations of 35 fatty acids, seven summed classes, and six fatty acid groups were measured by capillary gas chromatography. Lymph node status was determined with axillary dissection, and patients were followed-up (mean, 7.3 years) for clinical outcome. RESULTS: There was no significant association of any adipose tissue fatty acids with overall survival, although few (16 of 161 women) died of breast cancer. However, the odds of having positive lymph nodes (57 of 161 women) were significantly higher for women with a greater adipose tissue proportion of oleic acid (odds ratio [OR], 7.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78 to 32.1) or total saturated acids (OR, 8.43; 95% CI, 1.48 to 40.0) and significantly lower with a higher proportion of trans fatty acids (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.77), as assessed by multivariate logistic regression. CONCLUSION: These data support previous research with dietary questionnaire methodology, suggesting that specific dietary fatty acids may be associated with breast cancer promotion. Further research with long-term clinical follow-up is necessary to investigate these observations in large, diverse populations before dietary recommendations can be envisioned.

Abdomen↗