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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Incidence and disease associations of a proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody idiotype (5/7 Id) whose antiidiotype inhibits proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody antigen binding activity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of a monoclonal proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA) antiidiotype autoantibody (5/7 anti-Id) as a candidate for specific immunotherapy in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), and to estimate the immunodiagnostic value of the corresponding idiotype (5/7 Id). METHODS: We analyzed the incidence of 5/7 Id in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides (WG, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome), in disease controls (systemic lupus erythematosus patients), and in healthy donors. We then investigated the presence of 5/7 Id in relation to disease stage, clinical activity, and organ manifestations in 86 patients with WG. Finally, we investigated the ability of the 5/7 anti-Id reagent to inhibit the binding of PR3-ANCA to corresponding antigen in 19 WG patients. RESULTS: The incidence of 5/7 Id was significantly more frequent in WG patients (43 of 86; 50%). We did not find a significant correlation between the prevalence of idiotype expression and disease activity or organ manifestations. Further, we demonstrated in vitro suppression of PR3-ANCA antigen binding activity by 5/7 anti-Id in 11 of 19 WG patients who were positive for 5/7 Id. CONCLUSION: This study shows that 5/7 Id is a common idiotype with a significantly increased incidence in WG and that 5/7 anti-Id inhibits PR3-ANCA antigen binding activity. Based on these observations, we conclude that 5/7 anti-Id is a promising tool for the development of a specific immunotherapy for WG.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Cytoplasmic pH influences cytoplasmic calcium in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells.

We found that the cytoplasmic concentration of calcium (Cai) of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts was influenced by the type of pH buffer we used in the perfusing medium, suggesting that intracellular pH (pHi) might influence Cai. To study this effect, the Cai and pHi were monitored as we applied various experimental conditions known to change pHi. Exposure to NH4Cl caused a transient increase in both pHi and Cai without a change in extracellular pH (pHo). Decreasing pHo and pHi by lowering the bicarbonate concentration of the medium decreased Cai, and increasing pHi by the removal of 5% CO2 increased Cai. Clamping pHi to known values with 10 microM nigericin, a potassium proton ionophore, also influenced Cai: acid pHi lowered Cai, whereas alkaline pHi increased it. The rise in Cai appears to be very sensitive to the extracellular concentration of calcium, suggesting the existence of a pH-sensitive calcium influx mechanism. We conclude that physiologic changes in pH could modulate Cai by controlling the influx of calcium ions and could change the time course of the Cai transient associated with hormonal activation.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1998

Assembly and architecture of invertebrate cytoplasmic intermediate filaments reconcile features of vertebrate cytoplasmic and nuclear lamin-type intermediate filaments.

The two major intermediate filament (IF) proteins from the esophagus epithelium of the snail Helix pomatia and the two major IF proteins from muscle tissue of the nematode Ascaris suum were investigated under a variety of assembly conditions. The lowest-order complexes from each of the four protostomic invertebrate (p-INV) IF proteins are parallel, unstaggered dimers involving two-stranded alpha-helical coiled coil formation of their approximately 350 amino acid residue central rod domain (i.e. long-rod). In the electron microscope these are readily recognized by their distinct approximately 56 nm long rod with two globular domains (i.e. representing the non-helical carboxy-terminal tail domain of the p-INV IF proteins) attached at one end, closely resembling vertebrate lamin dimers. The next-higher-order oligomers are tetramers, which are easily recognized by their two pairs of globular tail domains attached at either end of a approximately 72 nm long central rod portion. According to their size and shape, these tetramers are built from two dimers associated laterally in an antiparallel, approximately half-staggered fashion via the amino-terminal halves of their rod domains. This is similar to the NN-type tetramers found as the most abundant oligomer species in all types of vertebrate cytoplasmic IF proteins, which contain a approximately 310 amino acid residue central rod domain (i.e. short-rod). As a first step toward filament formation, the p-INV IF tetramers anneal longitudinally into protofilaments by antiparallel CC-type association of the carboxy-terminal halves of their dimer rods. The next step involves radial growth, occurring initially through lateral association of two four-chain protofilaments into octameric subfibrils, which then further associate into mature, full-width filaments. Head-to-tail polymers of dimers and paracrystalline fibers commonly observed with vertebrate lamins were only rarely seen with p-INV IF proteins. The globular domains residing at the carboxy-terminal end of p-INV IF dimers were studding the surface of the filaments at regular, approximately 24.5 nm intervals, thereby giving them a "beaded" appearance with an axial periodicity of about 24.5 nm, which is approximately 3 nm longer than the corresponding approximately 21.5 nm repeat pattern exhibited by short-rod vertebrate IFs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies of neuronal and oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy. 1. Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions.

Neuronal alterations in five cases of multiple system atrophy (MSA) were investigated histologically, immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally. Argentophilic neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) were observed in all cases. They were distributed, in order of decreasing frequency, in the pontine nucleus, striatum, subiculum, amygdala, hippocampus, dentate fascia, substantia nigra and inferior olivary nucleus. Anti-ubiquitin antibodies visualized many thickened neurites in the degenerating gray matter as well as NCIs. Some NCIs were also recognized by anti-phosphorylated neurofilament antibodies. Ultrastructurally, NCIs consisted of a meshwork of granule-associated filaments, the diameter ranging from 18 to 28 nm, that were mixed with neurofilaments. The granule-associated filaments were also present in the axoplasm of myelinated fibers. Our studies demonstrate widespread distribution of NCIs in the central nervous system of MSA. The same pathological process that forms the granule-associated filaments in axons may also be responsible for the formation of ubiquitin-positive thickened neurites. These axonal alterations, as well as neuronal perikaryal changes, may play an important role in the impaired neuronal function in MSA.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies of neuronal and oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy. 2. Oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions.

Oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions (OCI) in multiple system atrophy were investigated immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally. Among the 17 cases examined, 16 had OCIs. Almost all OCIs were positive for both alpha B-crystallin and ubiquitin. The antibodies against tubulin, paired helical filament and tau stained OCIs to various extents. Ultrastructurally OCIs consisted of meshworks of granule-associated filaments about 25 nm in diameter that sometimes formed flame-shaped tangle-like structures. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that an epitope of alpha B-crystallin was located on the granule-associated filaments composing OCIs. Our studies further support a cooperative role of alpha B-crystallin, ubiquitin and cytoskeletal protein in the formation of some types of intracytoplasmic inclusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Histological findings in biopsies from patients with cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA)-positive Wegener's granulomatosis.

OBJECTIVE: Currently Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is diagnosed from clinical features, a test for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and histological confirmation. The purpose of our study was to evaluate histological findings, in particular those in the biopsy samples of head and neck region. METHODS: Fifty-one biopsy specimens from 24 WG patients who were confirmed to be positive for cANCA were examined retrospectively. RESULTS: Only 12 biopsies out of 51 biopsies (24%) were diagnosed as typical of WG, and diagnosis could be confirmed in only 10 patients (42%) as typical of WG from the results of multiple biopsy specimens. CONCLUSION: In the diagnosis of WG. biopsy can be utilized restrictedly only in the cases when cANCA is negative or clinical symptoms are atypical of WG.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Are antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies pathogenic? Experimental approaches to understand the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody phenomenon.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) directed against the neutrophil enzymes PR3 and MPO are tightly associated with the development of small vessel vasculitis. This article reviews the large body of data derived from in vitro experiments documenting many different proinflammatory effects of these ANCA on neutrophils, monocytes, and endothelial cells. Taken in conjunction with clinical observations and data from animal models, a concept of the pathogenicity of ANCA emerges.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Autoantibodies to early endosome antigen (EEA1) produce a staining pattern resembling cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (C-ANCA).

Autoantibodies to EEA1 have been described in patients with neurological diseases, subacute cutaneous lupus and a variety of other conditions, including a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). EEA1 is a hydrophilic peripheral membrane protein transiently associated with the cytoplasmic face of early endosomes. Antibodies to EEA1 produce a staining pattern that resembles the C-ANCA pattern produced by anti-proteinase 3 (PR3) antibodies in WG sera. Co-localization studies show incomplete overlap of the staining produced by anti-EEA1 with anti-PR3. We showed that 0/40 unselected sera, from a cohort of WG patients and antibodies to PR3, reacted with EEA1. In addition, 1/15 sera that have a C-ANCA staining pattern but do not react with PR3 in an ELISA, immunoprecipitated the recombinant EEA1 protein. We conclude that although antibodies to EEA1 produce a staining pattern that resembles anti-PR3 and C-ANCA, antibodies to EEA1 in WG are rare. However, some C-ANCA+ sera that do not react with PR3 may contain EEA1 autoantibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Atypical manifestation of a cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA)-associated vasculitis with involvement of aortic intima and parietal endocardium.

The traditional classification of vasculitis, based on the size of affected vessels, has meanwhile been extended by using antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) as seromarkers in the differential diagnosis of different types of vasculitis. We report an autopsy case of fulminant generalized vasculitis positive for C-ANCA (1:320) and anti-proteinase 3 (PR3) antibodies (>100 U/mL) in a 63-year-old man. The unusually broad histologic spectrum included periarteritis nodosa-like lesions in medium-sized vessels and leucocytoclastic vasculitis in small vessels, as well as capillaritis. In addition, the left atrial and ventricular endocardium and the intima of the aorta thoracalis were patchily involved in the inflammatory process. Glomerulonephritis and/or immune complexes were not detectable by electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry. To the best of our knowledge, involvement of the aortic intima ("intimitis") and the parietal endocardium has not been described in PR3-ANCA-positive vasculitis to date.

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic↗
PubMed2002

A phosphorylated cytoplasmic autoantigen, GW182, associates with a unique population of human mRNAs within novel cytoplasmic speckles.

A novel human cellular structure has been identified that contains a unique autoimmune antigen and multiple messenger RNAs. This complex was discovered using an autoimmune serum from a patient with motor and sensory neuropathy and contains a protein of 182 kDa. The gene and cDNA encoding the protein indicated an open reading frame with glycine-tryptophan (GW) repeats and a single RNA recognition motif. Both the patient's serum and a rabbit serum raised against the recombinant GW protein costained discrete cytoplasmic speckles designated as GW bodies (GWBs) that do not overlap with the Golgi complex, endosomes, lysosomes, or peroxisomes. The mRNAs associated with GW182 represent a clustered set of transcripts that are presumed to reside within the GW complexes. We propose that the GW ribonucleoprotein complex is involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by sequestering a specific subset of gene transcripts involved in cell growth and homeostasis.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed1990

[Islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ICA) and complement-fixing islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (CF-ICA) in patients with newly detected type 1 diabetes mellitus of short duration].

Cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies and endogenous insulin secretion were studied in 60 children and adolescents having insulindependent (Type I) diabetes mellitus. The age of the subjects was 2-34 years. Thirty-nine patients were investigated at the time of diagnosis, in the group of 21 patients duration of disease was shorter than 2 years. Islet cell antibodies were analysed by indirect immunofluorescence for both conventional (ICA) and complement-fixing (CF-ICA) antibodies using cryostat sections of fresh frozen human pancreas. ICA were observed in 53% of patients. At the time of diagnosis 76% of children and 14% of adults were positive for ICA. In the remaining group of patients ICA were observed in 40% of children and 64% of adults. CF-ICA were present only in the ICA positive sera (47%). ICA titres were 1:1-1:128, CF-ICA titres were 1:1-1:8. There was no linkage between ICA and CF-ICA titres. The residual beta cell function was measured by serum C-peptide. There was no association between presence of ICA and residual beta cell function. The patients having CF-ICA had a significantly higher endogenous insulin secretion in comparison with the patients who were ICA negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

C-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity in vasculitis patients is associated with the Z allele of alpha-1-antitrypsin, and P-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity with the S allele.

BACKGROUND: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in vasculitis have either cANCA or pANCA patterns as defined by immunofluorescence. The target autoantigen of cANCA is usually proteinase 3 (PR3), whereas that of pANCA is usually myeloperoxidase (MPO). Alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) is the major physiological inhibitor of PR3, while MPO is an inhibitor of alpha 1AT. METHODS: To determine whether there was an association between ANCA positive vasculitis, ANCA pattern, and alpha 1AT deficiency alleles, we studied alpha 1AT phenotypes of 99 cANCA and 99 pANCA positive vasculitis patients by isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting, and compared them with 2310 controls from the same geographical area. RESULTS: C-ANCA patients showed an increased frequency of the Z allele (0.055 versus 0.018 in controls), conferring a relative risk of 3. They showed no increase in frequency of the S allele. P-ANCA patients showed an increased frequency of the S allele (0.091 versus 0.046 in controls) conferring a relative risk of 2. The frequency of the Z allele also appeared to be increased (0.030 versus 0.018 in controls), but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate an association between ANCA-positive vasculitis and deficiency phenotypes of alpha 1AT, and suggest a role for alpha 1AT in the development of systemic vasculitis.

Alleles↗
PubMed2003

Cytoplasmic male sterility in alloplasmic Brassica juncea carrying Diplotaxis catholica cytoplasm: molecular characterization and genetics of fertility restoration.

The present study was aimed at characterizing cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and identifying the fertility restorer gene for CMS (Diplotaxis catholica) Brassica juncea derived through sexual hybridization. The fertility restorer gene was identified by crossing the CMS line with progeny plants derived from somatic hybrids of B. juncea and D. cathoilca. The CMS line is comparable to the nuclear donor B. juncea in all respects except for flower and silique characteristics. In CMS plants, the flowers have smaller nectaries, and anthers are converted into petals or tubular structures. Gynoecium exhibits a crooked style and trilocular ovary. Seed fertility was reduced in the CMS line. Genetic segregation data indicated that a single, dominant, nuclear gene governs fertility restoration. Restored plants showed a high female fertility and lacked gynoecium abnormalities. In fertility-restored plants, petal development was found to be variable; some flowers had the normal number of four petals, while others had zero to three petals. Interestingly, the trilocular character of the ovary was found to co-segregate with CMS and became bilocular upon male-fertility restoration. Thus, this trait appears to be affected by the interaction of nuclear and mitochondrial (mt) genomes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis indicated that mt-genome of D. catholica is highly divergent from that of B. juncea. However, in Northern analysis, out of eight mt genes studied, an altered transcript pattern was recorded for only atpA. In fertility-restored plants, the atpA transcript became shorter, thereby showing its association with CMS.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed2002

The local environment at the cytoplasmic end of TM6 of the mu opioid receptor differs from those of rhodopsin and monoamine receptors: introduction of an ionic lock between the cytoplasmic ends of helices 3 and 6 by a L6.30(275)E mutation inactivates the mu opioid receptor and reduces the constitutive activity of its T6.34(279)K mutant.

Activation of rhodopsin and monoamine G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been proposed to involve in part the disruption of a conserved E6.30-R3.50 ionic interaction between transmembrane segments (TMs) 3 and 6. However, this interaction does not occur in the opioid receptors, which have L275 at 6.30. On the basis of our findings that mutations of T6.34(279) to K and D produced, respectively, a constitutively active and an inactive form of the mu opioid receptor, we previously suggested that the functional role of the 6.30(275) residue could be assumed by T6.34(279), but the interplay between residues at positions 6.30 and 6.34 remained unresolved. In this study, we examined the effects of introducing an E in position 6.30(275) of the wild type (WT) and of the T6.34(279) mutants of the mu opioid receptor to compare the participation of the 6.30 locus in molecular events during activation in this receptor with its role in other GPCRs. The L6.30(275)E and the L6.30(275)E/T6.34(279)D mutants displayed no constitutive activity and could not be activated by the agonist DAMGO or morphine. The L6.30(275)E/T6.34(279)K mutant had some constitutive activity, but much less than the T6.34(279)K mutant, and could be activated by both agonists. The rank order of affinity for the agonist DAMGO is as follows: T6.34(279)K > WT congruent with L6.30(275)E/T6.34(279)K > L6.30(275)E congruent with T6.34(279)D > L6.30(275)E/T6.34(279)D; however, all constructs have a similar affinity for the antagonist [(3)H]diprenorphine. These data are interpreted in the context of interactions with the conserved R3.50(165) in TM3. When L6.30(275) is mutated to E, the favorable E6.30(275)-R3.50(165) interaction stabilizes an inactive state, as in rhodopsin, and hence reduces the activities of T6.34(279) mutants. Thus, the mu opioid receptor is shown to be different from rhodopsin and monoamine GPCRs, of which the WTs with native E6.30 can be activated, and the 6.34D or 6.34K mutants display enhanced constitutive activities. Our molecular modeling results suggest that some specific differences in local geometry at the cytoplasmic ends of TM5 and TM6 may account in part for the observed differences in the molecular mechanisms of receptor activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A mitochondrial protein associated with cytoplasmic male sterility in the T cytoplasm of maize.

Mitochondrial DNA in the T male-sterile cytoplasm (cms-T) of maize contains an open reading frame (ORF 13) associated with the T type of sterility. Antibodies raised to a chemically synthesized oligopeptide corresponding to ORF 13 were used to establish the expression of a 13-kDa protein from this reading frame. The 13-kDa polypeptide is synthesized uniquely in cms-T maize and purifies with the membrane fraction of T mitochondria. We assign the symbol urf13-T to designate this mitochondrial gene. Presence of the nuclear restorer gene Rf1 in cms-T plants results in a decrease in abundance of 13-kDa protein and alteration in the transcripts of urf13-T.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Similarity between cytoplasmic inclusions in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus neurons of the turtle Mauremys caspica and the cytoplasmic structures as reaction to viral infections (hepatitis) and SIDA ultrastructural tracers.

Two types of "inclusions" observed in the neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the turtle Mauremys caspica, "tubular systems" and "fingerprint-like" structures, may be added to the inventory of those described in apparently normal neurons. Despite their enigmatic significance, we are inclined to think that they could be a morphological expression of viral diseases in the neuron cytoplasm. These structures have a striking similarity with those observed on pathological cells (hepatitis and SIDA).

Animals↗