Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CTE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Protein-protein interactions governing septin heteropentamer assembly and septin filament organization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Mitotic yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells express five related septins (Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, Cdc12, and Shs1) that form a cortical filamentous collar at the mother-bud neck necessary for normal morphogenesis and cytokinesis. All five possess an N-terminal GTPase domain and, except for Cdc10, a C-terminal extension (CTE) containing a predicted coiled coil. Here, we show that the CTEs of Cdc3 and Cdc12 are essential for their association and for the function of both septins in vivo. Cdc10 interacts with a Cdc3-Cdc12 complex independently of the CTE of either protein. In contrast to Cdc3 and Cdc12, the Cdc11 CTE, which recruits the nonessential septin Shs1, is dispensable for its function in vivo. In addition, Cdc11 forms a stoichiometric complex with Cdc12, independent of its CTE. Reconstitution of various multiseptin complexes and electron microscopic analysis reveal that Cdc3, Cdc11, and Cdc12 are all necessary and sufficient for septin filament formation, and presence of Cdc10 causes filament pairing. These data provide novel insights about the connectivity among the five individual septins in functional septin heteropentamers and the organization of septin filaments.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

"Off-the-shelf" techniques for continuous tissue expansion.

Since modern tissue expansion was introduced in 1976, it has proved to be a safe and effective technique for obtaining extra tissue where traditionally distant flaps and grafts had been used. However, the lengthy expansion times and prolonged gross deformity of conventional expansion protocols have often deterred both physician and patient from choosing this reconstructive option. Over the past decade, attempts to shorten the total expansion time have centered around decreasing the time intervals between injections. Recently, researchers at Washington University have developed the technique of continuous tissue expansion (CTE), using a custom-designed, computerized pump. With CTE, expansion times have been shortened from 2 weeks to 3 days. At our institution, we have demonstrated that CTE can be safely and economically performed with the use of equipment already existent in most medical centers. We describe the equipment and technique and present two cases of successful clinical application of CTE.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Identification of an RNA sequence within an intracisternal-A particle element able to replace Rev-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication depends on the posttranscriptional regulation by the viral Rev protein and can be replaced with the posttranscriptional RNA control element (CTE) of the type D simian retroviruses. We have identified a sequence which shares only nucleotide sequences of the internal loops and secondary structure with the CTE and which is part of a novel murine intracisternal-A particle (IAP) retroelement, inserted within the transcribed mouse osteocalcin-related gene. This sequence, named CTE(IAP), can replace the Rev-mediated regulation of HIV-1, hence it is a posttranscriptional regulatory element. Related elements have been identified in other IAPs. These results suggest that insertional mutagenesis can affect gene expression by providing a functional posttranscriptional control element. The CTE(IAP) and CTEs of the type D simian retroviruses represent a novel class of RNA elements characterized by unique sequences within the internal loops which are predicted to represent the interaction site with cellular factor(s). These findings suggest that such elements may be involved in posttranscriptional regulation of cellular mRNAs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Cognitive functioning in patients with suspected chronic toxic encephalopathy: evidence for neuropsychological disturbances after controlling for insufficient effort.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE) caused by long term occupational exposure to organic solvents is still a controversial disorder. Neuropsychological testing is the cornerstone for diagnosing the syndrome, but can be negatively influenced by motivational problems. In this nationwide study, we investigated the neuropsychological functioning and psychological symptoms of a large group of patients with suspected CTE, and ruled out alternative explanations for their complaints, including suboptimal performance due to insufficient effort. METHODS: We studied participants with suspected CTE (n = 386) who were referred for further diagnosis to the Netherlands Centre of Occupational Diseases in the period 1998-2003 and who had completed the entire diagnostic protocol. Patients were excluded if there was the slightest suspicion that test performance had been negatively influenced by insufficient effort (n = 221), or if comprehensive assessment identified an alternative diagnosis (n = 80). Insufficient effort was defined by a combination of three indices. The neuropsychological test scores of the patient group (n = 85) were compared with those of a control group of building trade workers matched for sex, age, and educational level (n = 35). RESULTS: The patient group had significantly more psychological complaints and performed significantly worse than the control group on tests of speed of information processing and memory and learning. However, only a small percentage of the patients had clearly abnormal scores for cognitive speed (9%) or memory (8%). Attention, verbal abilities, and constructional functions were not disturbed. Exposure duration and cognitive complaints were significantly correlated, whereas the correlation between exposure duration and neuropsychological domain scores was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient effort was present in a substantial part of the patient group. After minimising the likelihood that insufficient effort negatively influenced neuropsychological scores, we still found neuropsychological deficits in speed of cognitive processing and memory; however, these scores were clearly abnormal only in a minority of patients with suspected CTE. Screening instruments should focus on these domains.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Age-related diffuse chronic telogen effluvium- type alopecia in female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).

We investigated the diffuse alopecia affecting some female squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) housed in a breeding facility. We randomly selected 100 female and 10 male animals and performed a complete physical exam and a hair assessment on all animals; blood tests, trichograms, hair density; and skin biopsies in representative cases; and a dominance behavioral assessment of 50 animals. Hair coat was normal in 35 female monkeys and all 10 male animals. Of the 65 females with diffuse alopecia, 17 had mild, 22 moderate, and 26 severe hair loss. The alopecia group had a mean age of 9.6 +/- 0.6 years, whereas that of the normal group was 4.7 +/- 0.6 years (P < 0.05). The parity in the alopecia group was 4.2 +/- 0.6 but 2.0 +/- 0.6 (P < 0.05) in the normal group. There were no statistically significant differences in body weight, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, serum glucose, liver aspartate aminotransaminase, or free thyroxine. The trichogram demonstrated 20.8% +/- 1.6% (mean +/- standard error) of telogen hairs in the alopecia group compared with 9.5% +/- 2.8% of the control group (P < 0.05). The hair density in the alopecia group was 52.8 +/- 4.1/cm2 and 79.6 +/- 14.3/cm2 in the control group. Skin biopsies in affected monkeys demonstrated increased telogen follicles, with no fibrosis or inflammation. There were no statistically significant differences in the dominance behavioral analysis. The findings are consistent with chronic telogen effluvium (CTE). A number of organic, behavioral, and dominance-related stress causes of CTE were excluded. CTE appears to be predominantly age-related in this population. CTE in female squirrel monkeys may serve as an animal model for human diffuse alopecia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

[CT-enteroclysis].

Computed tomography enteroclysis (CTE) has become a well-defined imaging modality for the evaluation of various small bowel disorders. The large volume (2 l) of enteral contrast agent administrated via a nasojejunal catheter ensures small bowel distension. Following helical CT acquisition is completed by multiplanar views. CTE is of particular value in intermediate or advanced Crohn's disease. It has become the method of choice for small bowel tumours. The cause and degree of low-grade small bowel obstruction is more readily analyzed with the technique of CTE than conventional CT. CTE should be selectively used to answer specific questions of the small bowel. It essentially contributes to the diagnostic quality of modern small bowel imaging, and therefore deserves an established, well-defined place among the other available techniques.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

[The role of cultured thymic epithelium and dialyzable leukocyte extracts on the maturation process of T cell. Study of their effects on cyclic nucleotides levels in thymocytes].

For thr purpose of clarifing the role of cultured thymic epithelium (CTE) and dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) in the maturation process of T cells, the effects of the thymic epithelial supernatant (TES) and DLE on cyclic nucleotides in thymocytes were studied. TES increased cAMP levels significantly in thymocytes of mice. The activity of TES to increase cAMP levels correlated well with the state of the growth of thymic epithelium. Moreover, TES increased cAMP levels in human thymocytes, and augumented lymphocyte transformation (LT) to mitogens in immunodeficiency diseases. From these effects, it was suggested that TES had the activities such as thymic hormones. CTE of which TES increased cAMP levels in thymocytes of mice were transplanted in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and Ataxia-telangiectasia. After the transplantation, augumentation of LT was observed in both patients. From these results, it was speculated that CTE were engrafted and became to exert its effect in the host. We concluded that it was possible to select the CTE appropriately for transplantation by means of examining the activity of TES. The basal levels of human thymocytes were very low compared with those of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). A significant increase of cAMP levels was observed in thymocytes with stimulation of DLE. DLE produced no significant change of cyclic nucleotide levels in PBL. These results suggested that DLE affected the maturation of human thymocytes with involvement of cAMP. Though DLE was proved to contain histamin and prostaglandin E2, it was revealed from the present study that the active component responsible to increase cAMP levels in human thymocytes was different from these substances. Fractions III and IV of DLE obtained with gel filtration showed the activity to increase cAMP. It was suggested that these fractions contained the active component.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1978

Active multiple sclerosis. Enhanced computerized tomographic imaging of lesions and the effect of corticosteroids.

Computerized axial transmission tomography (CT) of the brain is useful for imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). Active demyelination may be demonstrated with CT contrast enhancement (CTE) as regions of increased x-ray density. We report a series of patients with active MS who typify these changes. Corticosteroid therapy reduces the intensity of this phenomenon presumably by reestablishing the integrity of the blood-brain barrier; if corticosteroid therapy is instituted prior to the CT contrast study, the focal enhancement may be obscured. A transient vascular permeability defect is the basis for CTE during the acute exacerbation in MS. The possibility of MS must be kept in mind when one or more foci of increased density occur in the absence of mass effect during CTE. Appreciation of these features may prevent misdiagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Inhibition of thymopoiesis of CD34+ cell maturation by HIV-1 in an in vitro CD34+ cell and thymic epithelial organ culture model.

The mechanisms by which HIV-1 affects thymopoiesis were determined by preincubating CD34+ cells or cultured thymic epithelial (CTE) cells with lymphotropic (T-) and monotropic (M-) strains of HIV-1 in an in vitro CTE organ and CD34+ cell coculture model that allows for analysis of development of thymocytes and mature T cells. When purified CD34+ cells were precultured with either T- or M-tropic strains of HIV-1, thymopoiesis was impaired in a two-week coculture manifested by decreased cell number of thymocytes generated. However, the percentages of thymocyte subpopulations were comparable to control uninfected cocultures. Furthermore, HIV infection of thymocytes was predominantly observed in the CD44+CD3- population. However, in a four-week coculture experiment, HIV infection and depletion of more mature thymocytes were also observed. When CTE cells were preincubated with T- and M-tropic strains of HIV before addition of CD34+ cells, the number of thymocytes and subpopulations of thymocytes at early and later stages of maturation were markedly decreased. Furthermore, CD34+ and CD44+CD3- cells become HIV-infected. In summary, HIV-1 infection inhibited thymocyte maturation at early stages of thymocyte maturation CD44+CD25-CD3-. In addition, HIV also depleted later stages of CD4+ thymocyte subpopulations.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed2006

The carboxyl-terminal extension on fungal mitochondrial DNA polymerases: identification of a critical region of the enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Fungal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerases, in comparison to their metazoan counterparts, harbour unique carboxyl-terminal extensions (CTEs) of varying lengths and unknown function. To determine the essential regions of the 279 residue CTE of the yeast enzyme (Mip1p), several CTE-truncation variants were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The respiratory competence of mip1delta175 cells, in which Mip1p lacks the C-terminal 175 residues, is indistinguishable from that of wild-type. In contrast, strains harbouring Mip1pdelta351 and Mip1pdelta279 rapidly lose mtDNA. Approximately one in six mip1delta216 transformants grew on glycerol, albeit poorly. Fluorescence microscopy and Southern blot analysis revealed lower levels of mtDNA in these cells, and the rapid loss of mtDNA during fermentative, but not respiratory, growth. Therefore, only the polymerase-proximal segment of the Mip1p CTE is necessary for mitochondrial function. Comparison of this essential segment with the sequences of other fungal mtDNA polymerases revealed novel features shared among the mtDNA polymerases of the Saccharomycetales.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Identification and purification of cellular proteins that specifically interact with the RNA constitutive transport elements from retrovirus D.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encodes a transacting protein, Rev, which interacts with an RNA element (RRE) to mediate nuclear export of unspliced viral mRNA. Recently, the RNA constitutive transport elements (CTE) from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) and simian retrovirus type I (SRV-1) were shown to render Rev-independent expression of gag, pol, or env genes in subgenomic constructs of HIV-1 and to support replication of HIV-1 mutants lacking RRE and Rev. Since CTEs act in cis, in the absence of any viral regulatory proteins, it is widely believed that they interact directly with the cellular export machinery by means of RNA-protein interaction. In this report, Electrophoretic mobility shift and UV-crosslinking assays were carried out to identify nuclear proteins that interact specifically with CTEs from both MPMV and SRV-1. Two of the four proteins (65 and 40 kDa, respectively) that bound CTE RNA did not interact in the same assays with RNA of a nonfunctional CTE mutant generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Both proteins have been partially purified. The nature of these proteins and their roles in RNA intracellular trafficking are currently under investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evidence for secretion of high molecular weight mucins by canine tracheal epithelial cells in primary culture: effects of select secretagogues in mucin secretion.

The purpose of this investigation was to provide evidence for the secretion of high molecular weight mucins, CTM-A and CTM-B, in primary culture of canine tracheal epithelial (CTE) cells. The cells were isolated from tracheas of mongrel dogs by pronase treatment. Primary cultures of the epithelial cells were established using ICN collagen inserts in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's/F12 medium supplemented with growth factors and could be maintained for up to 23 days. The evidence for the mucin secretion in culture medium and their localization in the cells was established by a) positive immunocytochemical staining using specific antibodies developed against purified native as well as deglycosylated CTM-A and CTM-B; b) incorporation of labeled amino acids, followed by electrophoresis and autoradiography detection of glycoconjugates purified from the culture medium; c) comparison of the amino acid compositions of mucin purified from canine tracheal pouch secretions and that purified from the culture medium; and d) Western blot analyses using specific polyclonal antibodies directed against deglycosylated CTM-A and CTM-B. Immunoaffinity purified secreted labeled glycoconjugates were resistant to hyaluronidase treatment. The effects of cyclic AMP (1 x 10(-5) M), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1 x 10(-5) M), 8-bromocyclic AMP (1 x 10(-5) M), and prostaglandin E1 (1 x 10(-6) M) on mucin secretion by CTE cells were also investigated. Secretion of mucins by CTE cells in culture was considerably more enhanced by 8-bromocyclic AMP than that observed for other secretagogues used in this study.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed2006

[Coblation tonsillectomy. Results of a pilot study].

BACKGROUND: The introduction of coblation tonsillectomy (CTE) may contribute to reduce the postoperative morbidity in terms of pain, delayed oral intake and bleeding. METHODS: A prospective pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical course by inpatient observation (5 days) and telephone contact 6 months after CTE. The data from 61 patients (aged 44 months-69 years) were analyzed. The patients were grouped into those with surgical care of bleeding (A), non-surgical care of bleeding (B), and no bleeding event (C). RESULTS: The study was terminated early due to major bleeding complications in seven patients (A). Fifteen patients experienced minor (B) and 41 no (C) bleeding episodes. In the interview, 29 patients identified pain, lasting 16.7 (A), 11.6 (B) and 11 (C) days, as the most significant complication of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of CTE was followed by a dramatic increase in major bleeding complications, including late bleeding episodes. Pain following tonsillectomy remains a problem to be solved by further techniques. We will continue to perform the cold dissection technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Cancer and non-cancer health risk from eating cassava grown in some mining communities in Ghana.

Food crops such as cassava, cocoyam and other tuber crops grown in mining communities uptake toxic or hazardous chemicals such as arsenic, and cadmium, from the soil. Cassava is a stable food for Ghanaians. This study evaluated human health risk from eating cassava grown in some mining communities in Ghana such as Bogoso, Prestea, Tarkwa and Tamso, which are important mining towns in the Western Region of Ghana. The study evaluated cancer and non-cancer health effects from eating cassava grown in the study areas in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency's Risk Assessment guidelines. The results of the study revealed the following: cancer health risk for Tamso, 0.098 (RME--Reasonable Maximum Exposure) and 0.082 (CTE--Central Tendency Exposure). This means that approximately 10 and 8 out of 100 resident adults are likely to suffer from cancer related cases by RME and CTE parameters respectively. For Prestea, we have 0.010 and 0.12, which also means that approximately 1 out of 100 and 10 resident adults out of 100 are also likely to suffer from cancer related diseases by RME and CTE parameters. The results of the study obtained were found to be above the acceptable cancer risk range of 1x 10(-6) to 1x 10(-4), i.e., 1 case of cancer out of 1 million or 100,000 people respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Thioredoxin-dependent regulation of photosynthetic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: autonomous vs. CP12-dependent mechanisms.

Regulation of the Calvin-Benson cycle under varying light/dark conditions is a common property of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms and photosynthetic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is one of the targets of this complex regulatory system. In cyanobacteria and most algae, photosynthetic GAPDH is a homotetramer of GapA subunits which do not contain regulatory domains. In these organisms, dark-inhibition of the Calvin-Benson cycle involves the formation of a kinetically inhibited supramolecular complex between GAPDH, the regulatory peptide CP12 and phosphoribulokinase. Conditions prevailing in the dark, i.e. oxidation of thioredoxins and low NADP(H)/NAD(H) ratio promote aggregation. Although this regulatory system has been inherited in higher plants, these phototrophs contain in addition a second type of GAPDH subunits (GapB) resulting from the fusion of GapA with the C-terminal half of CP12. Heterotetrameric A(2)B(2)-GAPDH constitutes the major photosynthetic GAPDH isoform of higher plants chloroplasts and coexists with CP12 and A(4)-GAPDH. GapB subunits of A(2)B(2)-GAPDH have inherited from CP12 a regulatory domain (CTE for C-terminal extension) which makes the enzyme sensitive to thioredoxins and pyridine nucleotides, resembling the GAPDH/CP12/PRK system. The two systems are similar in other respects: oxidizing conditions and low NADP(H)/NAD(H) ratios promote aggregation of A(2)B(2)-GAPDH into strongly inactivated A(8)B(8)-GAPDH hexadecamers, and both CP12 and CTE specifically affect the NADPH-dependent activity of GAPDH. The alternative, lower activity with NADH is always unaffected. Based on the crystal structure of spinach A(4)-GAPDH and the analysis of site-specific mutants, a model of the autonomous (CP12-independent) regulatory mechanism of A(2)B(2)-GAPDH is proposed. Both CP12 and CTE seem to regulate different photosynthetic GAPDH isoforms according to a common and ancient molecular mechanism.

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (NADP+)(P↗
PubMed1982

The mechanism of reductive dehalogenation of halothane by liver cytochrome P450.

The reductive dehalogenation of halothane leading to 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CTE) and 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene (CDE) has been investigated in vitro using at liver microsomes under anaerobic conditions. The stimulation of NADPH oxidation by halothane as well as the formation of the products were dependent upon cytochrome P450 as indicated by their CO and metyrapone inhibition. After replacement of NADPH by sodium dithionite as a reducing agent CDE was the only product of the enzymatic reaction. The product pattern was influenced by pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene, phenobarbitone and Arochlor 1254 and by addition of anti-cytochrome P450-PB immunoglobulin. The CTE:CDE ratio was shifted by addition or inhibition of cytochrome b5 and by pH variation indicating a crucial role of the second electron donation to cytochrome P450 in determining the product pattern. The intermediate complex of cytochrome P450 with a Soret band at 470 nm formed with halothane in reduced liver microsomes was shown to decompose spontaneously to give CDE. Therefore we propose the 470 nm peak to represent a cytochrome P450 Fe3+----CHCl-CF3 carbanion complex. From these results a reaction pathway could be derived which includes radical and carbanion intermediates as reactive precursors of CTE and CDE, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Reductive metabolism of halothane by purified cytochrome P-450.

The reductive metabolism of halothane was determined using purified RLM2, PBRLM4 and PBRLM5 forms of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. The metabolites, 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CTE) and 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene (CDE), were determined. All three forms of cytochrome P-450 produced CTE with relatively small differences in its production among the various forms. There were major differences, however, in the production of CDE, with PBRLM5 being the most active. PBRLM5 was also the only form to show the development of a complex between halothane and cytochrome P-450. This complex absorbed light maximally at 470 nm. The complex formation and the production of CDE by PBRLM5 were stimulated by the addition of cytochrome b5. Cytochrome b5 had no effect on CDE production by PBRLM4 and inhibited the production of both CTE and CDE by RLM2. These results show that the two-electron reduction of halothane by cytochrome P-450 was catalyzed by the PBRLM5 form and that cytochrome b5 stimulated the transfer of the second electron to halothane through PBRLM5, but not RLM2 or PBRLM4.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Activation of the innate immune system in murine congenital Toxoplasma encephalitis.

A murine model of congenital Toxoplasma encephalitis (CTE) was established in NMRI mice following prenatal infection with a low dose of Toxoplasma gondii (DX strain). Histopathologically, the disease exhibited the key features of human CTE including foci of necrosis, intracerebral calcifications, and ventriculitis. The inflammatory response in the brain of infected animals was predominantly mediated by macrophages and granulocytes with additional participation of astrocytes. These findings indicate that the prenatal Toxoplasma infection closely parallels human CTE, but differs significantly from adult toxoplasmosis.

Animals↗