Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CSB”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Compulsive sexual behavior inventory: a preliminary study of reliability and validity.

This preliminary study was designed to develop empirically a scale of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) and to test its reliability and validity in a sample of individuals with nonparaphilic CSB (N = 15), in a sample of pedophiles (N = 35) in treatment for sexual offending, and in a sample of normal controls (N = 42). Following a factor analysis and a varimax rotation, those items with factor loadings on the rotated factors of greater than .60 were retained. Three factors were identified, which appeared to measure control, abuse, and violence. Cronbach's alphas indicated that the subscales have good reliability. The 28-item scale was then tested for validity by a linear discriminant function analysis. The scale successfully discriminated the nonparaphilic CSB sample and the pedophiles from controls. Further analysis indicated that this scale is a valid measure of CSB in that there were significant differences between the three groups on the control subscale. Pedophiles scored significantly lower than the other two groups on the abuse subscale, with the other two groups not scoring significantly differently from one another. This indicated that pedophiles were more abusive than the nonparaphilic CSB individuals or the controls. Pedophiles scored significantly lower than controls on the violence subscale. Nonparaphilic individuals with compulsive sexual behavior scored slightly lower on the violence subscale, although not significantly different. As a preliminary study, there are several limitations to this study, which should be addressed, in further studies with larger sample sizes.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis and its regulation by transforming growth factor-beta in rat clonal dental pulp cells.

Dental pulps contain sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as chondroitin 4-sulfate (CSA/4CS), dermatan sulfate (CSB/DS), and chondroitin 6-sulfate (CSC/6CS). Sulfated GAGs play important roles in mineralization and collagen fibrillogenesis during primary, secondary, and reparative dentin formations. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent regulator for several extracellular matrix (ECM) components and modulates the proliferation and differentiation. Using rat clonal dental pulp cells (RPC-C2A), we investigated the constituents of GAGs synthesized by the cells and the effect of TGF-beta on their synthesis by measuring the radioactivity of [35S]sulfate incorporated into GAG fractions. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis analysis revealed that RPC-C2A cells synthesized CSA and CSB but not CSC and that 10 ng/ml of TGF-beta increased the production of CSA and CSB in the cell/ECM fraction. Measurement of [35S]sulfate incorporation showed a significant increase in the amount of GAGs by TGF-beta, 1.3-fold CSA, and 1.2-fold CSB in the cell/ECM fraction. In the medium fraction the most secreted GAG was CSA, whereas CSB was stored in the cell/ECM fraction. Secreted CSA in the medium was markedly increased by 10 ng/ml of TGF-beta (1.7-fold). These findings indicate that CSA and CSB are major sulfated GAGs synthesized by RPC-C2A cells and that TGF-beta acts as a stimulator of sulfated GAG synthesis in dental pulp cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Conserved sequence blocks in kinetoplast minicircles from diverse species of trypanosomes.

Kinetoplast DNA minicircles from various species of trypanosomes are heterogeneous in nucleotide sequence to various degrees but in all instances contain a conserved sequence region of 100 to 200 base pairs present in one, two, or four copies per minicircle. Comparison of the conserved sequence regions of minicircles from eight species of trypanosomes revealed a common sequence motif consisting of three conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) present in the same order and with similar spacing in all species. In addition to the invariant 12-base-pair universal minicircle sequence (CSB-3), a 10-base-pair sequence (CSB-1) and an 8-base-pair sequence (CSB-2) are highly conserved in all minicircles. The overlap of CSB-1 and CSB-3 with previously identified 5' termini of newly synthesized minicircle H and L strands, respectively, and the presence of this conserved sequence motif in minicircles from diverse species suggest that these CSBs may determine a common mechanism of minicircle replication.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Inheritance and expression of tissue-specific catalase activity during development and aging in mice.

The catalase activity in the liver, kidney, lung, and blood hemolysate was measured in newborn, 21-, 70-, 175-, and greater than 400-day-old mice from the strains BALB/c, Csb, C3H/HeSnJ, C3H/S, C57BL/6J, SW, and 129/ReJ. Catalase activity was found to be highest in the liver (approximately 0.33 U/mg protein) followed by the kidney (approximately 0.13 U/mg protein), lung (approximately 0.05 U/mg protein), and blood hemolysate (approximately 0.03 U/mg protein). ANOVA analysis indicated significant differences in enzyme activity among strains and age groups studied. The developmental profiles of enzyme activity were tissue and strain specific. Catalase activity in the blood, for example, was generally higher at birth and at old age, whereas the kidney catalase activity was low at birth and increased substantially with age. Strains could be classified as normal (129/ReJ, BALB/c, C3H/HeSnJ, C3H/S), hypocatalasemic (C57BL/6J, SW), and acatalasemic (Csb) with respect to enzyme activity and it was on this basis that the inheritance of the catalase phenotype was studied using appropriate crosses. The enzyme activity level in each tissue appears to be governed by a unique set of genetic regulators/modifiers that interact with a single structural gene (Cs) or its product to produce the catalase phenotype. Some of these (e.g., Ce-1 and Ce-2) have been previously described but based on the results of various crosses reported here, more must exist that remain still uncharacterized at the molecular level. Models proposed for the inheritance of the catalase phenotype vary in complexity from single allelic differences between strains (e.g., BALB/c x Csb; blood) to a system of multiple interacting genetic determinants (e.g., BALB/c x Csb; liver) each having dominant (e.g., C57BL/6J over BALB/c; liver) and recessive components (e.g., gene(s) conferring the acatalasemic phenotype in BALB/c x Csb; blood and kidney). Such results are important and offer an interesting model to further characterize aspects of eukaryotic gene regulation.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Research note: effect of soybeans varying in trypsin inhibitor content on performance of laying hens.

A 6-wk experiment was conducted with commercial laying hens (35 wk of age) to study the effects of feeding raw, conventional, full-fat soybeans (CSB) and raw, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor-free, full-fat soybeans (KFSB) on layer performance. Dietary treatments consisted of corn and soybean meal diets formulated to contain 16% total protein with 100, 72, or 48% of the soybean protein from CSB or KFSB. The remainder of the dietary soybean protein was provided as dehulled soybean meal (DSBM). Egg production, egg weight, egg yield (grams of egg per hen per day) and feed efficiency increased as the level of CSB and KFSB decreased. In general, diets containing KFSB resulted in better performance than those containing CSB. The diet containing 48% of the soybean protein from KFSB yielded performance that was not different (P greater than .05) than that obtained from a corn-DSBM diet. Performance from all other diets was inferior to that from the corn-DSBM diet. Pancreas weight (as a percentage of body weight) was greater for hens fed CSB compared with those fed KFSB, and both were greater than pancreas weight of hens fed the corn-DSBM diet. The dietary treatments had no consistent effect on egg specific gravity or Haugh units.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

The Cockayne syndrome group B DNA repair protein as an anti-cancer target.

Cells from individuals with Cockayne syndrome (CS) have a defect in transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR), which rapidly corrects certain DNA lesions located on the transcribed strand of active genes. Despite this DNA repair defect, individuals with CS (of which there are two complementation groups, CSA and CSB) do not demonstrate an elevated incidence of cancer. Recently, we demonstrated that disruption of the CSB gene reduces the spontaneous tumor rate in cancer predisposed Ink4a/ARF-/- mice as well as causing their embryo fibroblasts to proliferate more slowly and be more sensitive to UV-induced apoptosis. In the present study we characterized phosphorothioate backbone antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AOs) that reduced the levels of CSB mRNA in A2780/CP70 ovarian carcinoma cells. The AOs caused the cells to proliferate more slowly and made them more sensitive to either cisplatin or oxaliplatin. The AOs also enhanced the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide and gamma-radiation, both of which can induce oxidative DNA lesions, which are subject to TCR. The AOs did not potentiate the cytotoxicity of topotecan, which induces DNA strand breaks. Chemically modified ( ) AOs (MBOs) targeting CSB were able to potentiate the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin against A2780/CP70 tumor xenografts formed in nude mice. The MBOs enabled a non-toxic (3 mg/kg) dose of cisplatin to have the same degree of anti-tumor efficacy as a more toxic (5 mg/kg) cisplatin dose. Collectively, these results suggest that the CSB gene product may be viewed as an anti-cancer target.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[CT and MRI and clinical study of chordoma in the skull base].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic features of CT and MRI in chordoma of the skull base (CSB) and to estimate their value of clinical application. METHODS: Sixteen patients with CSB were performed CT and MRI examinations of the head, and 13 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 11 patients with pituitary adenoma (PA) which invaded the skull base were selected as control. In addition, 7 cases of chordoma were performed multiple planar reconstruction (MPR) of MRI. RESULTS: MRI was superior to CT in depicting the location and the extent of CSB. The bone destruction at mid-line skull base was demonstrated equally well on both CT and MRI. Based on the location of the tumor displayed on MRI, the CSB could be classified into selloclival, nasopharyngeal, and occipito-temperal types. The T2 weight imaging(T2WI) signal intensity of chordoma was significantly higher than those of NPC and PA (P < 0.01). On MPR images of MRI, oppressed and displaced optic nerves caused by chordoma were noted in 3 cases and encased optic nerves in 4 cases, encased abducent nerves in 7 cases with abducent paralysis and mildly oppressed oculomotor nerves in 3 cases. CONCLUSION: The extremely high T2WI signal intensity is the characteristic of MRI finding in CSB and has great differential value for the tumors of the skull base. The MPR of MRI plays an important role in the surgical treatment for these tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Assessment and treatment of compulsive sexual behavior.

The hallmarks of compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) are recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, and behaviors that cause individuals distress in daily functioning. Clinical signs of CSB can include anxiety, depression, somatic complaints, alcohol or drug use or dependency, relationship problems, or signs of abuse. This article describes the symptoms of paraphilic and nonparaphilic CSB and discusses their epidemiology, etiology, as well as comorbid psychiatric conditions. It also presents screening questions that clinicians can use with patients suspected of having CSB and outlines medical and psychiatric treatment for the condition. When CSB is suspected, referral to a clinician experienced in treating sexual disorders is recommended.

Behavior, Addictive↗
PubMed1998

Nitric oxide products degrade chondroitin sulfates.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent endogenous vasodilator that is elevated in response to inflammation. Inflammation also produces high levels of superoxide, which combines with NO to produce peroxynitrite (PN). We have previously reported that NO degrades heparin and heparan sulfate under acidic conditions and that PN degrades hyaluronan (HA) at neutral pH. Heparin and HA are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) widely distributed in the extracellular matrix of tissues. Disruption of intestinal GAGs, particularly the chondroitin sulfates, were linked to inflammatory bowel diseases. Chondroitin sulfate A (CSA), chondroitin sulfate B (CSB), and chondroitin sulfate C (CSC) are constituents of the basement membranes of many tissues, including the intestine. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and PN can degrade chondroitin sulfates in vitro. The NO donor SNAP (2 mM, pH 4.0) or PN (5 mM, pH 7.4) was incubated for at least 1 week at 37 degrees C with CSA, CSB, or CSC. Breakdown of CSA, CSB, and CSC was assessed by gel filtration chromatography and compared with untreated controls. Percentage degradation was calculated based on the change in peak height compared to the control. SNAP treatment partially degraded CSB and CSC, whereas PN partially degraded all three chondroitin sulfates. Nitric oxide mediated degradation of GAGs, and particularly chondroitin sulfates, may be an important pathway of inflammatory tissue damage.

Chondroitin Sulfates↗
PubMed1995

Nucleotide sequence of the sheep mitochondrial DNA D-loop and its flanking tRNA genes.

The nucleotide sequence of the sheep mitochondrial DNA displacement-loop (D-loop) region and its flanking tRNA genes has been determined. Several conserved motifs among mammals have been identified along the 1189-bp sequence of the sheep control region: ten termination-associated sequences (TASs) and one conserved sequence block (CSB-1). CSB-2 and CSB-3, which are frequently found in most species, are not present in the sheep D-loop, which shows instead a short direct repeat at their usual localization. A long polypyrimidine tract between CSB-1 and the tRNA(Phe) gene is also present. Furthermore, the sheep mtDNA D-loop region displays tandem repeats in the left domain (adjacent to the tRNA(Pro) gene) comprising three different termination-associated sequences (TAS-5, TAS-6 and TAS-7).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Determinants of psychiatric rehospitalization: a social area analysis.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytic framework and methodology for estimating the demand for psychiatric hospitalization in state facilities, either new admissions or readmissions of clients from the Community Services Boards (CSBs) of Virginia. The combination of community and organizational factors with inpatient characteristics for the CSBs can help identify pertinent predictors of psychiatric hospitalization. Review of the literature on psychiatric epidemiology shows that the predictors of psychiatric hospitalization can be classified into four major dimensions including community resources, socio-demographic factors, CSB client characteristics, and CSB organizational factors. It is postulated that the rates of first admissions and readmissions to state facilities are influenced by four dimensions. Furthermore, the variation in readmissions rates is contingent upon previous first admission rates and the average length of stays in state institutions while other conditions-such as community resources and demographics, CSB client mix, and CSB organizational factors-are simultaneously considered. The data were compiled from multiple sources. A path analytic model, using a linear structural relations program (LISREL VI), was validated. After the model was carefully fitted, the estimation equations for the rates of first admissions and readmissions were finalized. The estimates for psychiatric hospitalization, both first- and re-admissions, were made for each of the study CSBs.

Health Services Accessibility↗
PubMed2007

The compulsive sexual behavior inventory: psychometric properties.

Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is a putative clinical syndrome characterized by the experience of sexual urges, sexually arousing fantasies, and sexual behaviors that are recurrent, intense, and a distressful interference in one's daily life. Although the putative phenomenology of CSB has been described in the literature, the lack of a reliable, valid assessment tool has made investigation of prevalence, co-factors, and etiologic factors difficult. This study examined the further development of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) using a sample of 1,026 Latino men who have sex with men recruited and assessed using web-based technology. The scale showed a two factor structure (control and violence). Further, the CSBI and its subscales showed indications of validity in that those engaging in CSB-type sexual behavior (being drunk or high, feeling lonely or depressed, and feeling driven) had scores indicative of greater CSB. Those with scores above the median had more sexual partners and engaged in more unprotected anal intercourse than those with CSBI scores below the median. Additionally, the instrument showed equivalence when administered in English and Spanish.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Blood chemistry and histological properties of wild and cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in the North Adriatic Sea.

Histological and biochemical procedures were employed to study liver histomorphology and plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TRIG), cholesterol (CHOL), glucose (GLU) and total protein (TP) in cultured (CSB) and wild sea bass (WSB) (Dicentrarchus labrax) from the northern part of the Adriatic Sea. Histopathological changes in liver included varying degrees of infiltration and lipid degeneration of hepatocytes in examined cultured fish. No significant differences between median AST values of CSB (44 IU) and WSB (45 IU) were observed. Values of ALT were <5 IU in both groups. TRIG, CHOL, GLU and TP levels were higher in CSB (2.08 mmol/L, 3.67 mmol/L, 10.66 mmol/L and 49 g/L, respectively) than in WSB (0.67 mmol/L, 2.74 mmol/L, 3.68 mmol/L and 36 g/L, respectively). The study showed differences between plasma biochemical parameters and liver histomorphology of CSB and WSB. This can be explained as a consequence of different diets (artificial in contrast to natural foods), which influence energy metabolism.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1992

Rainbow trout mitochondrial DNA: sequence and structural characteristics of the non-coding control region and flanking tRNA genes.

We have determined the sequence of the 1003-bp control region (also referred to as the 'displacement-loop region') and flanking tRNA genes in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. This region has the same overall structure (i.e., trnT-trnP-control region-trnF) as in mammalian and amphibian (Xenopus laevis) mitochondrial (mt)DNAs. The trout control region contains apparent homologues of the conserved sequence blocks (CSB) and termination-associated sequences identified in all other vertebrate mtDNA control regions; however, it is distinguished by having an imperfect direct repeat (68/73 bp; 77% positional identity) in the right domain (proximal to the phenylalanine tRNA gene), downstream from CSB-3 in the direction of heavy-strand transcription. Within the control region, rainbow trout mtDNA shares considerable sequence similarity with the mtDNAs of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (Johansen et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (1990) 411-419] and white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus (Buroker et al., Genetics 124 (1990) 157-163). The highest level of identity in pairwise comparisons is 60-70% over about 80 bp in the right domain (encompassing CSB-2 and CSB-3). About 270 bp comprising the central domain of the control region (encompassing a polypyrimidine tract) are more moderately conserved (55-60% identity in pairwise comparisons), while the left domain is highly divergent. Comparison of five trout mitochondrial tRNA sequences with their human and X. laevis homologues emphasizes the strong A+T substitution bias shown by the human sequences.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Reduced cardiac parasympathetic activity in children with autism.

Many of the clinical symptoms of autism suggest autonomic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to measure baseline cardiovascular autonomic function in children with autism using the NeuroScope, a device that can measure this brainstem function in real-time. Resting cardiac vagal tone (CVT), cardiac sensitivity to baroreflex (CSB), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in three different groups of children. The symptomatic group (n = 15) consisted of those with autism who exhibited symptoms or signs of autonomic dysfunction. The asymptomatic group (n = 13) consisted of children with autism but without symptoms or signs of autonomic dysfunction and the healthy children were in the control group (n = 17) [corrected]. The CVT and CSB were significantly lower in association with a significant elevation in HR, MAP and DBP in all children with autism compared with the healthy controls. Further more, the levels of CVT and CSB were lower in the symptomatic than in the asymptomatic group. The levels of CVT and CSB were not related to age in all the three groups. These results suggest that there is low baseline cardiac parasympathetic activity with evidence of elevated sympathetic tone in children with autism whether or not they have symptoms or signs of autonomic abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Model based analysis of sleep disordered breathing in congestive heart failure.

We employed a computational model of the respiratory control system to examine which of several factors, in isolation and in combination, can contribute to or explain the development of Cheyne-Stokes breathing (CSB). Our approach uses a graphical method for stability analysis similar, in concept, to the phase plane. The results from the computer simulations indicate that a postulated three-fold increase in the chemosensitivity of the central chemoreflex (CCR) loop may, by itself, explain development of CSB. By contrast, a similar increase in the chemosensitivity of the peripheral chemoreflex (PCR) loop cannot, by itself, account for CSB. The analysis reveals that the system is more readily destabilized by increasing the gain of only one chemoreflex loop than by a combined increase in gain of both loops. Reduction in the cardiac output or cardiomegaly decreases the size of the stability region. We conclude that development of CSB is the result of a complex interaction between CCR and PCR loops which may, in turn, interact with decreased cardiac output and cardiomegaly.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1999

Effects of naloxone on the acquisition and expression of appetitive and consummatory sexual behavior in male Japanese quail.

Previous studies in Japanese quail indicate that central administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone enhances consummatory sexual behavior (CSB). This effect could be related either to a decrease in sexual satiety or to previously documented stimulatory effects of naloxone on GnRH. The present studies were performed to investigate these two possibilities and to explore for the first time opioid involvement in the expression and acquisition of appetitive aspects of sexual behavior (ASB) in castrated, testosterone-treated Japanese quail. Although no effects on either ASB or CSB were observed in response to peripheral naloxone injections, a significant increase in CSB was observed in males receiving central injections of naloxone. Central injections of naloxone had no effect on the acquisition of a social proximity response used to measure ASB. However, compared to controls a greater number of naloxone-treated birds copulated in the test arena on the first day. Overall, these results indicate an inhibitory role for opioids in CSB, and suggest that opioids are differentially involved in different aspects of sexual behavior.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Arterial reconstruction for subclavian obstructive disease: a comparison of extrathoracic procedures.

OBJECTIVES: Comparison of the immediate and long-term results of three different extrathoracic arterial reconstruction procedures for subclavian obstructive disease. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 51 extrathoracic subclavian artery reconstructions in 49 patients performed in a single centre over an 18-year period (mean follow-up 64 months, range 3-192). METHODS: Carotid-subclavian bypass (CSB, n = 21), subclavian-carotid transposition (SCT, n = 21) and subclavian-subclavian or axillo-axillary cross-over bypass (COB, n = 9) was performed. Upper extremity ischaemic complaints were present in 45/49 patients (92%) and vertebrobasilar insufficiency in 25/49 patients (51%). Symptom relief, improvement of haemodynamic parameters and graft patency were compared. RESULTS: Operation time was significantly shorter (p < 0.001, t-test) in SCT (80 +/- 5 min) compared to CSB (112 +/- 7 min) and COB (116 +/- 6 min). Symptom relief and improvement of haemodynamic parameters were similar for all groups. There were no differences in morbidity rate and there was no mortality. The cumulative patency of SCT was significantly better with 100% at 2, 5 and 10 years postoperatively compared to CSB (75.6%, 62.6% and 52.2%, respectively) (p < 0.005, log-rank test) and COB (76.5%, 63.7% and 63.7%, respectively) (p < 0.02, log-rank test). There was a tendency for a better patency in prosthetic grafts as compared to autologous vein grafts in CSB (NS, log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: Satisfactory immediate and long-term results were obtained with all of the above techniques. When technically feasible, SCT is the procedure of choice for extrathoracic arterial reconstruction in subclavian obstructive disease.

Arm↗