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PubMed2006

Gastrointestinal helminths of feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.

The population and distribution of feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) are expanding in Japan after escape or release from animal-owners. Wakayama Prefecture is one of the most typically devastated areas by this exotic carnivore, particularly in the last five years after a latent distribution for more than ten years. Official control measures of feral raccoons commenced in the summer of 2002 by several municipalities, and 531 animals collected in 12 municipalities between May 2003 and April 2005 were submitted for parasitological examination of gastrointestinal helminths. Detected parasites included six nematodes (Physaloptera sp. [prevalence; 5.1%], Contracaecum spiculigerum [0.9%], Strongyloides procyonis [25.5%], Ancylostoma kusimaense [0.8%], Arthrostoma miyazakiense [0.4%], and Molineus legerae [1.1%]), seven trematodes (Isthmiophora hortensis [4.9%], echinostomatid sp. with 34-39 collar spines [1.7%], Metagonimus takahashii [12.4%], M. yokogawai [0.8%], Plagiorchis muris [0.2%], Macroorchis spinulosus [1.9%], and Consinium ten [0.2%]), one cestode (Mesocestoides sp. [0.2%]), and six acanthocephalan spp. (Centrorhynchus bazalenticus [0.2%], Centrorhynchus teres [5.5%], Sphaerirostris lanceoides [2.4%], Plagiorhynchus ogatai [0.6%], Porrorchis oti [1.5%], and Southwelina hispida [1.9%]). Most of the collected parasites are food-borne, indigenous helminth species. Physaloptera sp. has never been recorded in indigenous wild carnivores in Japan, and resembles closely P. rara, prevalent in raccoons of North America, in morphology. The position of a pair of phasmids in the posteroventral region of the adult male, however, could differentiate it from P. rara. Since Strongyloides procyonis is known to cause creeping eruption as well as intestinal infection in a healthy human volunteer, we should be concerned about the rapid increase in the population and distribution of feral raccoons in Japan from the viewpoint of public health as well.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Identification and characterization of the threadworm, Strongyloides procyonis, from feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Japan.

Strongyloides procyonis Little, 1966 was detected about 45 years ago in raccoons (Procyon lotor) of southern Louisiana, U.S.A., and was demonstrated experimentally to cause creeping eruption and a short-lived intestinal infection in a healthy human volunteer. After its description and demonstration of its pathogenicity in humans, S. procyonis has not been found in raccoons in North America despite repeated surveys. During a survey on feral raccoons in Japan, S. procyonis parasitic females were identified in 66 (28.3%) of 233 raccoons collected between May 2004 and January 2005. The number of parasitic females recovered from individual raccoons was 1-197 (geomean, 3.2). Both the morphological features and the nucleotide sequences of the small and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes (SSU/LSU rDNA) of S. procyonis closely resembled those of zoonotic Strongyloides stercoralis. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 and 28S rDNA could differentiate clearly these 2 species. Awareness of S. procyonis in raccoons in North America and other places worldwide where raccoons are introduced and naturalized is important to assess the epidemiological significance of this potentially zoonotic helminth species.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Cutaneous larva migrans--a case report.

Cutaneous larva migrans or creeping eruption is an uncommon parasitic skin infection caused by the filariform larvae of dog or cat hook worms. We report a case of larva migrans on the anterior abdominal wall, in a 52 year old lady, who did gardening as a hobby.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

A case report of colonic ileus due to eosinophilic nodular lesions caused by Gnathostoma doloresi infection.

Gnathostomiasis is primarily a disease of the skin characterized as creeping eruption or mobile erythema. However, larval Gnathostoma sometimes migrate into an unexpected site to elicit serious illness. Here we describe a case of colonic ileus caused by Gnathostoma doloresi. The patient was a 57-year-old man living in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, which is known as an area endemic for this parasite. One week after having eaten a few slices of the flesh of a snake (Agkistrodon halys), he developed severe abdominal pain. An abdominal radiograph revealed multiple gas-fluid levels with a distended bowel of an inverted U shape. A barium enema revealed a tumor in the ascending colon near the hepatic flexure that was surgically removed by simple colonic resection. An oblique section of a parasite surrounded by massive infiltration of eosinophils was found by postoperative histopathologic examination. The entire body of the advanced third-stage larva of G. doloresi was dissected from a specimen-embedded paraffin block.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human ectoparasitoses: current status in Uruguay].

The present status of human ectoparasitoses in Uruguay is analyzed with the main purpose of performing in the future, comparative studies in the region. After classifying ectoparasites in temporary and permanent, comments are made on particular clinical and epidemiological aspects of some of them. For remarking: the high prevalence of pediculosis capitis and scabies; the frequent observation of cutaneous myiasis by Dermatobia hominis with a very interesting modification of the geographical national distribution of the fly and the presence of an endemic area of creeping eruption by Ancylostoma braziliense and A. caninum in the north of the country.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Gnathostomiasis possibly caused by Gnathostoma malaysiae.

Gnathostomiasis is rarely reported in travelers, although the disease remains a major public health problem in Southeast Asia. A creeping eruption and Quincke's edema (slowly migrating erythema with pruritus) appeared in two Japanese men who had eaten raw freshwater shrimp in Myanmar. A Gnathostoma larva was found in subcutaneous tissue from one of the men. Four species causing human gnathostomiasis, G. hispidum, G. doloresi, G. nipponicum and G. spinigerum, can be distinguished based on the number of nuclei in intestinal epithelial cells of infected larvae, in cross-section. In G. hispidum, only a single large nucleus is found. Morphologically, our larva was initially identified as G. hispidum. However, since the number of epithelial cells was greater and the body width was larger than those of a "large-type" 3rd-stage larva of G. hispidum, the larva was then identified as a 3rd-stage larva of G. malaysiae, Miyazaki and Dun, 1965, as reported by Setasuban et al, (1991). Since no human cases caused by this species of Gnathostoma have previously been encountered, this appears to be the first report of gnathostomiasis due to G. malaysiae.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cutaneous larva migrans with parts of the larva in the epidermis.

Creeping eruption is usually caused by hookworms, most commonly Ancylostoma braziliensis and Ancylostoma caninum. Because lesions of cutaneous larva migrans have a typical clinical appearance, they are rarely biopsied. Specimens usually show spongiotic dermatitis with spongiotic vesicles containing neutrophils and eosinophils and a mixed-cell dermal infiltrate with numerous eosinophils. We report a case with parts of the larva migrans in the epidermis on histologic examination.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

An outbreak of gnathostomiasis among Korean emigrants in Myanmar.

Thirty-eight (designated as cases) of 60 Korean emigrants who consumed raw fresh water fish in Yangon, Myanmar developed migratory swellings and creeping eruptions on the back, abdomen, flank, and other cutaneous areas 1-10 weeks later. The symptoms included itching, nodule formation, fatigue, urticaria, fever, pain on the skin, and erythematous plaques. Skin biopsies of two cases revealed no parasites. However, the mean +/- SD peripheral blood eosinophilia among the cases was 6.3 +/- 6.5% (n = 29) and 9.0 +/- 9.8% (n = 26) in two examinations. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of their serum samples, using Gnathostoma doloresi adult worms as the antigen, showed mean +/- SD optical densities of 0.47 +/- 0.29 (n = 28) and 0.32 +/- 0.20 (n = 30) in two examinations and 0.12 +/- 0.09 (n = 50) in healthy controls. Two advanced third-stage larvae of G. spinigerum were found in two of six catfish purchased at a local market in Yangon. The outbreak of the human infection is suggested to have been due to G. spinigerum, which is known to live out its life cycle in the Yangon area of Myanmar.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Five confirmed human cases of gnathostomiasis nipponica recently found in northern Japan.

Five confirmed human cases of gnathostomiasis nipponica exhibiting creeping eruption and itching were found sporadically from the autumn of 1991 to the winter of 1992 in the northern region of the mainland of Japan. In all cases, a causative gnathostome with 3 transverse rows of hooklets on the head bulb was detected in biopsied skin. The morphological characteristics agreed with the advanced third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma nipponicum. Within a few weeks before development of symptoms, all patients had histories of eating raw freshwater fishes, kokanee (Salmo nerka nerka), carp (Cyprinus carpio), crucian carp (Carassius gibelio langsdorfi), or common ice-fish (Salangichthys microdon). However, they had never eaten raw loach, which is known as a source of human infections with G. nipponicum.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Emerging imported parasitoses in Italy.

In the period 1987-2001, 111 cases of imported parasitoses were diag- nosed in three Italian dermatology departments (Monza, Milan and Siena): 22 cases of tungiasis, 11 of furuncular myiasis and 78 of creeping eruption. The patients were 73 males and 38 women, who had been on trips abroad. All underwent appropriate treatment and recovered. Here we describe the geographic location of the parasites, the clinical features of the skin manifestations and differential diagnoses. Autochthonous cases of these infections, which are increasingly frequent as Europeans travel to endemic areas, have been described. Detailed knowledge of these parasitoses is necessary to enable prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Cutaneous fascioliasis: a case report in Vietnam.

A 40 year-old woman living in Gialai, Kontum, Vietnam, developed a red solid mass in the epigastric region. From ultrasound investigation, liver abscess and myositis of the intercostal muscle was diagnosed. Two weeks after treatment with antibiotics, the mass disappeared, but a migratory track developed in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. An aspiration of the vesicular end of the serpiginous track showed a light brown, living worm that was later identified as an immature Fasciola sp. This is the first case report of cutaneous fascioliasis in the form similar to creeping eruption.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The treatment of the cutaneous larva migrans syndrome with albendazole. The authors' experience].

In 26 cases of creeping eruption observed during the years 1986-1989 the treatment with albendazole per os (200 mg twice a day for 5 days) led to the disappearance of all clinical manifestations within 2-3 days. Only in two cases, in which the larvae were clearly in hypobiosis, the treatment had to be repeated at the same posology when the helminths appeared to be clearly active; the second course of treatment was fully effective. No side effects were recorded.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1987

Cutaneous larva migrans.

Cutaneous larva migrans, or creeping eruption, is an infection caused by certain nematode larvae and, occasionally, fly maggots. After penetrating human skin, the larvae remain in the epidermis and wander aimlessly. The burrows may be intensely pruritic. Systemic reactions may include profound eosinophilia. Oral or topical thiabendazole is effective therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Often unrecognized cutaneous manifestations of strongyloidosis: linear dermatitis or larva currens (author's transl)].

The linear dermatitis of "larva currens" is a typical manifestation of strongyliasis, however is generally too unrecognized. It is observed in about 7% of cases, more frequent in white race. Due to the migration of Strongyloides larvae in epidermis of sensitized person, it appears in form of rectilinear urticaria from 10--30 cm, developed from 12--48 hours and disappeared without leaving any trace. It can appear at any place of the body, sometimes in many places simultaneously. The total duration of the evolution similiar to that of strongyliasis can be developed during a many tenth of years. In reality the differential diagnosis is easy with filariasis (loa-loa) and specially with cutaneous larva migrans (ankylostomiasis, creeping eruption, larbish). The thiabendazole cures the strongyliasis nad its cutaneous manifestations in 85% of cases with a single oral dose of 6 tablets 6 x 250 mg).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis larva].

The imported tropical dermatoses include the various manifestations of dermal myiasis. Cases of the furuncular form of cutaneous myiasis are infrequently seen and occur much more seldom than creeping eruption. Nearly exclusively furuncular lesions appear after infestation with the larvae of Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly, in Central and South America and with the larvae of the tumbu-fly, Cordylobia anthropophaga, in tropical Africa. We had the opportunity to see a patient, who had acquired furuncular myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis in Bolivia and the emergence of his fully developed larvae.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of uveitis due to gnathostoma migration into the vitreous cavity].

We report a 26 year-old male patient who had floaters and hyperemia in his left eye following uveitis due to gnathostoma that had migrated into the vitreous cavity. Severe iridocyclitis and mild opacity of the vitreous body were observed, together with whitish-yellow subretinal tracks accompanied by dot and blot hemorrhages in the fundus. Slit lamp microscopic examination revealed a worm which writhed in the vitreous cavity. We performed vitrectomy to remove the worm from the anterior vitreous uneventfully, followed by prompt subsidence of the inflammatory signs. The worm was identified as a third instar larva of Gnathostoma doloresi. Eosinophilia and creeping eruption did not appear throughout the follow-up period. The patient was accustomed to eat live roaches and whitebait, as well as sliced raw beef liver.

Adult↗