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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Communicable disease control in connection with international air traffic to Norway].

International air traffic has increased the risk of importation of infectious diseases to Norway. We have used notification data and a theoretical framework to assess the risk of importation and subsequent disemination of serious infectious diseases in Norway. Every year, a few cases of these diseases are imported to Norway, especially malaria, shigellosis and typhoid fever. A few secondary cases of enteric diseases may occur, but epidemics are unlikely. Counselling and immunisation of Norwegians going abroad is the first step in prevention. Secondly, health services all over the country should be able to diagnose imported diseases early and institute infection control measures. However, there is no need for concentrating resources for disease control at international airports in Norway.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1999

[Evaluation of the law of communicable disease control: compulsory isolation can reduce the high-risk behavior of HIV-positive individuals].

The Swedish approach to HIV is based on HIV-positive individuals' fulfilling their societal obligation to prevent further spread of the disease. Under section 38 of the Communicable Disease Act of 1989, compulsory admission to hospital may be resorted to in cases where voluntary efforts have failed to bring about modification of high-risk behaviour. The article consists in a report of a retrospective study of the effects of such enforced isolation in the HIV-positive subgroup committed under the Act within an eight-year period. Relevant information was obtained from the records of medical and psychiatric hospitals, the social services and correctional care authorities. Modification of high-risk behaviour was assessed by enquiries involving attending physicians, the social services, and prison and police authorities, and by interviews with the patients. During the 8-year period, 1.5 per cent (44/2982) of registered HIV-positive patients in Stockholm County were committed by the county administrative court to compulsory admission. Of the 44 patients, 25 (57%) were born in Sweden, and 19 (43%) elsewhere (mostly sub-Saharan African countries where HIV is highly endemic). Intravenous drug abuse was very common in the subgroup, and 34 per cent of them were diagnosed as having a psychiatric disorder or intellectual handicap. Thirty-four (77%) of the subgroup were released after varying periods of isolation. Follow-up at 6, 18 and 36 months showed the overwhelming majority to be capable of maintaining a low-risk profile, and only 20 per cent to be characterised by continued high-risk behaviour (suspected or verified). The results thus suggest that individuals with the intellectual and psychiatric capacity to comprehend the serious nature of HIV infection and its modes of transmission can successfully modify risk behaviour by undergoing intensified individualised programmes, provided the duration of isolation is sufficiently long.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Investigating a single case of Legionnaires' disease: guidance for consultants in communicable disease control.

When a single case of legionnaires' disease is reported, it should be investigated to check whether or not it is linked to other cases or part of an outbreak. The investigation includes confirmation of the diagnosis, tracing the patient's movements during the incubation period, and reporting the case to the National Surveillance Scheme for Legionnaires' Disease at the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre. If no common factors are identified between the cases and other cases reported previously, no further action is usually required, unless it is suspected that the infection was acquired in hospital. In these circumstances, the individual case and the hospital's water maintenance programme should be reviewed, and a search made for associated cases, because hospital patients are particularly susceptible to infection. Further steps may be necessary if the link with the hospital is confirmed.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1998

[Summer 1997 viral meningitis in children Frankfurt/Main--a discussion of the revised communicable disease control regulation].

According to the current law of preventing infectious diseases in Germany, bacterial as well as aseptic meningitis have to be reported to the health authorities, whereas according to the amendment aseptic meningitis will no longer be notifiable. In Summer 1997, 63 children with aseptic meningitis were reported to the local health authorities of Frankfurt compared with 4 or 5 per year during the preceding years. In 40% enterovirus, resp. ECHO-30 virus could be detected. The local health authorities gave detailed information on the medical relevance as well as necessary hygienic measures to the families and kindergartens. During the same time reports on aseptic meningitis increased to double compared with 1996, with hot spots in 4 defined regions in Bavaria, Hesse and in Northern Germany. According to these data the duty of notification of aseptic meningitis should be maintained, so that health authorities can inform the population and ensure good hygiene methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Health-care system frailties and public health control of communicable disease on the European Union's new eastern border.

In May, 2004, the border of the European Union (EU) will shift eastward such that the new frontier will be made up by Ukraine, Belarus, and a considerably longer Russian border. Here, we discuss three issues: first, the factors that have contributed to the growth of communicable disease in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus; second, how public health systems have responded to these challenges; and third, the implications for the EU as a whole. Since the break-up of the Soviet Union, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus have witnessed substantial political, social, and economic changes. These events have been reflected in changes in the epidemiology of communicable diseases, including tuberculosis and HIV (ie, HIV-1). Moreover, public health systems, rooted in Soviet traditions, are struggling to respond effectively to the challenges of resurgent infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, and newly emergent challenges such as HIV. The changing patterns of communicable diseases east of the EU's new border has implications for how the EU aids the strengthening of public health systems east of the new frontier. Transborder spread of communicable diseases also challenges communicable disease control systems within the EU. Concerted action is needed by member states and the EU, building on models of cooperation between institutions that have been successful in areas beyond health, if public health systems are to meet the emerging challenges to communicable disease control.

Communicable Disease Control↗