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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A model for estimating abundance of cattle grub (Diptera: Oestridae) from the proportion of uninfested cattle as determined by serology.

A model is presented for determining the abundance of cattle grubs in the backs of calves from the proportion of uninfested calves in a herd. The distribution of grubs in calves' backs was compared with the negative binomial, but no relationships were found among the distribution parameters, suggesting that the negative binomial is an inappropriate choice for the basis of a sampling model. The relationship between the mean number of grubs per animal (mean), variance (delta 2), and proportion of uninfested calves (p0) in a herd was determined and used as the basis for the sampling model. The relationship between p0 and p0e [determined using serology (ELISA)] was evaluated. The variance of estimates of mean grubs per animal based on the regression model and uncertainty due to using p0e as an estimate of p0 was examined. A test of the model indicated that p0e could be used to obtain a reliable estimate of mean grubs per animal and that the method would be applicable for monitoring grub populations, assessing chemical control programmes, and determining release rates of sterile insects for control.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Blood serum transferrin concentration in cattle in various physiological states, in veal calves fed different amounts of iron, and in cattle affected by infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Transferrin (Tf) concentrations were determined in cattle in various physiological states, in energy-deficient (ketotic) cows, in situations of several acute and chronic infections, after endotoxin administration and in animals with bovine leucocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD). Tf concentrations varied between 1.5 and 8.5 g/l and in healthy animals were in the range of 2.0 and 6.6 g/l. Tf concentrations in adult animals were smaller than in young animals and increased in veal calves with iron deficiency above 8 g/l, resulting in a negative correlation between Hb and Tf. In veal calves total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and Tf concentration were rather closely correlated (r = 0.63). Chronic infectious diseases (such as paratuberculosis) were characterized by relatively low Tf levels (below 2 g/l), while during acute infections, after endotoxin-administration and during ketosis Tf concentrations were not changed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The development in beef cattle manure of Petriedllidium boydii (Shear) Malloch, a potential pathogen for man and cattle.

Petriellidium boydii (Allescheria boydii) dominated the mycoflora of manure samples form three beef cattle feedlots after incubation at room temperature for 4 months. The possible dangers associated with this pathogenic fungus, which causes mycotic abortion in livestock, pulmonary allescheriasis in man, and mycetomas in both man and animals, are discussed. This fungus could create a health hazard in feedlots where in situ manure decompostion is encouraged.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1991

[Seasonal dynamics of tick infestations in cattle (Ixodoidea) in cattle sold in the area of Yaoundé, Cameroon].

Among the tick species identified in Cameroon, eight were found in cattle in Yaoundé: Amblyomma variegatum, Boophilus annulatus, B. decoloratus, Haemaphysalis aciculifer, Hyalomma nitidum, Rhipicephalus longus, Rh. lunulatus, Rh. sulcatus. Three species, Hm. aciculifer, H. nitidum and Rh. lunulatus, were identified for the first time in Yaoundé. Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma were abundant during the rainy season. Boophilus was abundant throughout the year, with a maximum concentration at the end of the long dry season. Amblyomma, which was encountered in large quantities all year round, had a minimum infestation rate during the long rainy season. Only one female tick of Hm. aciculifer was collected.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Leptospirosis in cattle; milker's fever in cattle farmers].

In this paper the symptomatology, epidemiology, and diagnosis of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infections in cattle are reviewed. The possibilities on monitoring and control of this disease in both foreign countries and the Netherlands are discussed. Special attention is paid to the zoonotic aspects of the infection (dairy fever).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Serum sialic acid concentration in healthy cattle and cattle with bronchopneumonia].

Studied was the content of sialic acid in the blood serum of cattle at different age and in the conditions of bronchopneumonia. It was found that at birth the calves showed considerably higher values of sialic acid as against the adult normal animals. At the age of 15--30 days sialic acid in calves reached the level in adult animals. In diseased animals (bronchopneumonia and arthritis) sialic acid rose dependably. It is believed that this is the result of inflammatory and destructive processes as with intensive treatment the blood level of sialic acid drops to that in normal animals. The determination of sialic acid level in the blood serum is suggested as a routine method in veterinary medicine to control the general status and the recovery of animals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Attempts to immunize cattle against virulent African malignant catarrhal fever virus (alcelaphine herpesvirus-1) with a herpesvirus isolated from American cattle.

Two consecutive weekly inoculations with a herpesvirus isolated from sick cattle in America (707K), protected four out of four steers against a first challenge with virulent African malignant catarrhal fever virus (alcelaphine herpesvirus-1), strain C500. Three of these steers were still protected in a rechallenge carried out 9.5 months after the first challenge. One inoculation with this agent did not protect such steers, and repeated weekly inoculations had the risk of inducing a malignant catarrhal fever-like disease. In addition such repeated inoculation did not necessarily confer adequate protection, either in the first or the second challenge. There was no correlation between the development of virus neutralizing antibody and protection to challenge with the virulent virus. Endonuclease analysis of the genome of 707K virus, revealed differences between the agent and the avirulent cell-free form of the virulent African malignant catarrhal fever virus (WC11).

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A study of cattle-to-cattle transmission of Mycobacterium bovis infection.

Twenty steers, positive to the single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT), were selected from herds with a recent history of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Ten steers, negative to SICTT, were selected from herds with no history of M. bovis infection and served as in-contact animals. The animals were divided into 10 groups, each consisting of two SICTT-positive (reactor) animals and one in-contact animal. Each group was housed in an individual loose-box for a period of 1 year. Five of the groups were fed a restricted diet for part of the experiment. All cattle were slaughtered at the end of the study period and examined at post mortem. Transmission of infection to an in-contact animal occurred in four of the 10 groups. One of the four in-contact animals, which became infected, had a retropharyngeal lymph node tubercle and M. bovis was isolated from lymph nodes without visible lesions from the other three. Two of the infected in-contact animals without visible lesions did not show any detectable cell-mediated immune response. There was no evidence that dietary, restriction had any effect on transmission of disease.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1994

Tsetse-trypanosomiasis challenge to village N'Dama cattle in The Gambia: field assessments of spatial and temporal patterns of tsetse-cattle contact and the risk of trypanosomiasis infection.

The severity of the trypanosomiasis problem in a particular location is traditionally assessed in terms of a challenge index-the product of some measure of tsetse abundance and infection-rate-which is assumed to be proportional to the force of infection. However, this index masks variation in the force of infection between herds and among individuals within herds. It is also not comparable between sites since the relative abundance of tsetse to hosts may vary. We have studied spatial distribution of herds of cattle in relation to tsetse in The Gambia and calculated an index of challenge based on the ratio of vectors to hosts over the livestock ranging area. This index is strongly correlated with estimates of the force of infection calculated from the incidence of infection in susceptible zebu; and it provides information on heterogeneity in exposure of different herds to tsetse.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Genetic clustering of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses in cattle farms: genetic identification and analysis of viruses directly from cattle sera.

The herd-specific genetic clustering of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was studied by phylogenetic analysis of 42 sera collected between 1995-97 from persistently infected cattle on 16 farms in Sweden. The viruses were typed by sequencing a part of the 5' untranslated region of the genome, which had been amplified directly from serum by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. All of the viruses were of BVDV I, either BVDV Ia (NADL-like) or BVDV Ib (Osloss-like) genotypes. No relationship was observed between the geographic region of origin and the character of clinical signs and the typing of the BVDV isolates. However, the phylogenetic analysis revealed a strict herd-specific genetic clustering of the virus. In 15 of the 16 herds, animals were infected with a single strain of BVDV characteristic for that herd. Direct nucleotide sequence analysis from serum can therefore be used as a tool for molecular epizootiology of BVDV infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Serum antigens of cattle. VI. Isolation and properties of an intracellular antigen (Ecl) from cattle erythrocytes.

The erythrocyte antigen (Ecl) of cattle has been isolated using DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex gel filtration, and isoelectrofocusing. The purified antigen is free from hemoglobin and migrates as a single protein on polyacrylamide gels. It exhibits an absorption maximum at 278 nm and has a molecular weight of about 100 000; its isoelectric point is 4.95. The antigen has a carbohydrate moeity and loses its activity after oxidation with periodate. The evidence suggests that it is not a common isozyme, but is exact identity remains unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: III. Cattle requirements and diet adequacy.

The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has equations for predicting nutrient requirements, feed intake, and feed utilization over wide variations in cattle (frame size, body condition, and stage of growth), feed carbohydrate and protein fractions and their digestion and passage rates, and environmental conditions. Independent data were used to validate the ability of the CNCPS to predict responses compared to National Research Council (NRC) systems. With DMI in steers, the CNCPS had a 12% lower standard error of the Y estimate (Sy.x) and three percentage units less bias than the NRC system. For DMI in heifers, both systems had a similar Sy.x but the NRC had four percentage units less bias. With lactating dairy cows' DMI, the CNCPS had a 12% lower Sy.x. Observed NEm requirement averaged 5% under NRC and 6% under CNCPS predicted values at temperatures above 9 degrees C but were 18% over NRC and 9% under CNCPS at temperatures under 9 degrees C. Energy retained was predicted with an R2 of .80 and .95 and a bias of 8 and 4% for the NRC and CNCPS, respectively. Protein retained was predicted with an R2 of .75 and .85 with a bias of 0 and -1% for NRC and CNCPS, respectively. Biases due to frame size, implant, or NEg were small. Body condition scores predicted body fat percentage in dairy cows with an R2 of .93 and a Sy.x of 2.35% body fat. The CNCPS predicted metabolizable protein allowable ADG with a bias of 1.6% with a Sy.x of .07 kg compared to values of -30% and .10 kg, respectively for the NRC system.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

Tissue distribution of CD6 and CD6 ligand in cattle: expression of the CD6 ligand (CD166) in the autonomic nervous system of cattle and the human.

We studied the tissue distribution of CD6(+) lymphocytes and cells expressing the CD6 ligand (also known as activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule CD166) in calves by immunohistochemistry using an anti-bovine CD6 monoclonal antibody (mAb), a human CD6 (huCD6)-immunoglobulin G1 fusion protein (huCD6-Ig), and an anti-human CD166 (anti-huCD166) mAb. The huCD6-Ig and anti-huCD166 mAb bound to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers but not to myelinated nerve fibers in the spinal nerve. Studies with human tissue using the anti-huCD166 mAb yielded identical patterns of labeling. Dense accumulations of CD6(+) lymphocytes were present in areas of the thymuses and spleens of calves, in areas innervated by huCD6-Ig(+) nerves. The cDNAs encoding the bovine CD166 and CD6 were isolated from the sympathetic ganglion and spleen, respectively. Predicted amino acid residues that are important for human and mouse CD6-CD166 binding were also conserved in bovine CD6 and CD166. Bovine CD166 transcripts were detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR in all the tissues that bound huCD6-Ig. These results show that the bovine orthologue of CD166 was constitutively expressed in the autonomic nervous systems of cattle and suggest that CD6(+) lymphocytes adhere to CD166(+) autonomic nerve terminals via CD6.

Activated-Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule↗
PubMed2002

Changes in the prevalence of resistant Escherichia coil in cattle receiving subcutaneously injectable oxytetracycline in addition to in-feed chlortetracycline compared with cattle receiving only in-feed chlortetracycline.

Information about the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal enteric bacteria is of interest because these bacteria are potential indicators of selection pressure on enteric bacteria and represent a reservoir of resistance genes in potentially pathogenic bacteria. This study reports changes in the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics in commensal Escherichia coli from cattle receiving either subcutaneously injectable oxytetracycline in addition to in-feed chlortetracycline or only in-feed chlortetracycline. Resistance to 19 antibiotics was examined. The use of injectable oxytetracycline in addition to in-feed chlortetracycline was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with an increase in the prevalence of resistance only to chloramphenicol and sulfisoxazole.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Estrus synchronization in cattle by means of chlormadinone acetate ("Bovisynchron" Jenapharm) in the tropics. II. First results of the estrus synchronization of cattle with "Bovisynchron" at the Republic of Mali].

The first experiments are reported on oestrus synchronization in cattle in the Republic of Mali. The animals recieved Bovisynchron twice a day orally over a period of 15 days. The synchronization effect was marked; insemination was performed on the 5th and 6th day p.s. The intensity of the oestrus and especially the results of pregnancy are in close relationship to the breeding conditions and the general status of the animals. The oestrus synchronization is considered a favourable biotechnical method for regulating the reproduction provided that the animals are kept stationary or temporarily stationary.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Vitamin E status of cattle and sheep. 2: Survey of liver from clinically normal cattle and sheep for alpha-tocopherol.

Analysis of liver from clinically normal animals showed a mean alpha-tocopherol level of 20 mg/kg for cattle and 6 mg/kg for sheep. The corresponding normal values (mean +/- 2 S.D.) were 9 to 44 mg/kg and 1.8 to 20 mg/kg. The usefulness and assessment of tocopherol analyses on liver and serum samples are discussed in the light of these normal values and routine diagnostic submissions.

Journal Article↗