Bromothymol blue screening test; value for determination of blood cholinesterase activity.
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Blood↗
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Extractive spectrophotometric determination of antiallergic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations using bromopyrogallol red and bromothymol blue.
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Anti-Allergic Agents↗
Determination of acidity constants of acid-base indicators by second-derivative spectrophotometry.
A method for calculation of acid-base dissociation constants of monoprotic weak organic acids whose acid and base species have overlapping spectra from absorptiometric and pH measurements is described. It has been shown that the second-derivative spectrophotometry can effectively be used for determining the dissociation constants, when dissociation constants obtained for methyl orange and bromothymol blue were compared with the values given in the literature.
Azo Compounds↗
[Bromothymol blue in colorimetric determination of certain quaternary ammonium compounds and amines].
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Amines↗
The inhibition by bromothymol blue of anion translocation across the mitochondrial membrane.
1. In rat liver mitochondria bromothymol blue inhibited the exchange of [14C]succinate for succinate, malonate, L-malate and inorganic phosphate; the [14C]citrate/citrate and [14C]citrate/malate exchange reactions and the phosphate/hydroxyl exchange were also inhibited by this dye. The inhibition of the rate of succinate, citrate and phosphate uptake by bromothymol blue is found to be competitive. 2. The degree of inhibition by bromothymol blue of the ]14C]succinate/malonate exchange reaction was pH dependent. It has been shown that the inhibition increased linearly while the pH was increased from 6.0 to 8.2. However, the binding rate of bromothymol blue to the mitochondria decreased with the rising pH of the medium. It is concluded that the binding of acidic bromothymol blue was not essential for the inhibitory effect. 3. Other sulfonephthalein derivatives also inhibited [14C]succinate/malonate exchange reaction. At pH 7.2 the relative order of the strength of the inhibitory action of the sulfonephthalein compounds tested was: thymol blue greater than bronocresol green greater than bromothymol blue greater than phenol red greater than bromocresol purple. The results do not indicate any correlation between the pK values of pH values of pH indicators and their extents of inhibition. 4. It is suggested that the negatively charged bromothymol blue interacts with the positively charged centers of the anion carrier systems causing inhibition of membrane permeability for anions.
Animals↗
Detection of bovine mastitis by bromothymol blue pH indicator test.
A simple bromothymol blue indicator test was evaluated for farm diagnosis of mastitis. The test required highly absorbent blotting paper impregnated with four spots of bromothymol blue. Indicator color scores (1 to 4) for quarter foremilks increased with somatic cell count and pH, although variability within each color score was large. Sensitivity of the bromothymol blue test ranged from 51 to 56% and specificity from 89 to 90% for most reference criteria used to classify normal and abnormal milk. Predictability of a positive test ranged from 49 to 52% (false positives 51 to 48%) and predictability of a negative test from 90 to 97% (false negatives 10 to 3%) for the same criteria. Overall the bromothymol blue test incorrectly diagnosed 11 to 20% of 3772 quarters. By classifying color score 2 as negative, predictability of a positive result was 70 to 75% and sensitivity was 26 to 30%. The test can be used by dairy producers to screen herds with a relatively high incidence of mastitis or used in combination with cow cell counts to locate abnormal quarters. The bromothymol blue test was less sensitive than the California Mastitis Test but offered several practical advantages for use on farm.
Animals↗
[Effectiveness of the use of nutrient media in isolation of Yersinia].
Three liquid nutrient media (phosphate buffer medium, 1% buffered peptone water pH 7.6-7.7, buffer casein yeast medium) and live solid media (Endo's, Serov's, and differential diagnostic medium with bromothymol blue, made in this country, and two foreign ones, agar deoxycholate and McConkie's) are compared in examinations of the material from 213 patients with acute intestinal diseases and from 460 small mammals. The results demonstrate a higher efficacy of bacteriologic investigations carried out in the new buffer casein yeast medium or 1% buffered peptone water, pH 7.6-7.8. The data are also indicative of the essential advantages of the differential diagnostic medium with bromothymol blue and prompt its wide practical use.
Acute Disease↗
Simple colorimetric method for detecting degenerate strains of the cultivated basidiomycete Flammulina velutipes (Enokitake).
Degeneration of cultivated strains of Flammulina velutipes is a serious problem. We developed a simple colorimetric method to detect degenerate strains by using a liquid medium supplemented with bromothymol blue and lactose. The ability of a strain to develop normal mushrooms could be determined by the color of the medium.
Agaricales↗
Five methods for determining urinary calcium compared.
We compared frequently used methods for calcium in urine with respect to linearity, analytical recovery, within- and between-batch imprecision, bias, and practicability. We assayed serum, lyophilized urine, native urine, and an aqueous reference solution of calcium carbonate. We found that atomic absorption spectrometry and the Corning 940 Analyzer have the widest ranges of linearity; the methylthymol blue method has the poorest analytical recovery. All methods--the aforementioned three plus the Du Pont aca and Technicon RA-1000 methods--had acceptable precision, although random errors were found with the methylthymol blue method, and, except for one type of commercial lyophilized urine assayed by the Technicon method, there were no matrix problems or difficulties with bias. We cannot recommend the methylthymol blue method, but evidently urinary calcium assays can be adequately done with many currently available methods. Intralaboratory attention to methodology should give improved performance in assessment programs.
Bromthymol Blue↗
Dye-containing buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium for differentiation of members of the family Legionellaceae.
The addition of 0.001% bromocresol purple and 0.001% bromothymol blue to buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar allowed differentiation between members of the family Legionellaceae. On this medium, Legionella pneumophila grew as relatively flat, pale green colonies, whereas Tatlockia micdadei (gen. nov., comb. nov., Pittsburgh pneumonia agent) produced blue-gray colonies. Fluoribacter spp. (gen. nov., atypical Legionella-like organisms) developed glistening colonies which were brighter green than those of L. pneumophila.
Bacteria↗
The use of arginine brilliantgreen glucose peptone broth (ABGP medium) as a primary culture medium for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
A new medium is described for the isolation of P. aeruginosa organisms which have been damaged by chlorination. This medium utilises the fact that with arginine. P. aeruginosa produces a strongly alkaline reaction resulting in an easily identified colour change from gray-green to blue-violet. The indicators used for this purpose are bromothymol blue and cresol red. The medium may be used with either the membrane filter or the liquid enrichment technique. Incubation is at 37 degrees C for 24 or 48 h.
Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
Comparison of the determination of magnesium by methylthymol blue spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Plasma samples (n = 155) of 30 patients on an intensive ward were analysed for magnesium simultaneously by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and methylthymol blue spectrophotometry. Methylthymol blue spectrophotometry was performed at the bedside, using two different multianalysers, Easy ST 1 and Easy ST 2, Merck, D-Darmstadt. Precision was 12.2% (Easy ST 1) and 17.1% (Easy ST 2), and the average value was 0.89 mmol/l, which was above the expected range (0.72-0.88 mmol/l). Accuracy was 16.25% (Easy ST 1) and 8.75% (Easy ST 2). Analyser 2 was more accurate (8.75% versus 6.25%) but less precise (17.1% versus 12.2%) than analyser 1. Precision of AAS was between the expected values of 0.69 and 0.84 mmol/l. Easy ST and AAS gave significantly different values (p < 0.0001) for 155 measurements. Comparison of AAS and methylthymol blue spectrophotometery showed that methylthymol blue spectrophotometry produced higher values than AAS (mean difference 0.186 mmol/l). Furthermore, analyses of 40 samples of a standardized plasma concentration with methylthymol blue spectrophotometry showed a very low precision (15.3%). Easy ST cannot be assigned for urinary measurements of magnesium. Experimentally measured samples gave unaccountable results.
Bromthymol Blue↗
The mechanism of liposomal damage by taurocholate.
The stability of small unilamellar vesicles formed by egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) has been examined in the presence of sodium taurocholate. The permeability of the vesicular membrane changes as the total taurocholate concentration increases, until a transformation from mixed bile salt/PC vesicles to mixed micelles occurs. Based on experiments in which the bile salt-induced release of either hydrophilic (carboxyfluorescein) or hydrophobic (Bromothymol blue) probes was studied, and on fluorescence polarization of the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and turbidity measurements, a two-step process for the initial stage of liposomal damage by taurocholate is postulated.
Bile Acids and Salts↗
Colorimetric determination of indolic drugs.
A colorimetric method has been developed for the quantitative determination of the rescinnamine, reserpine upto (-10(-4M)), Yohimbine on complexation with bromothymol blue. The coloured complexes exhibit absorption maxima in the region 415-416 nm. The RSD (Relative Standard Deviation) of the method is 2.02%. The method is simple, easy, rapid and convenient for routine analysis of the indolic drugs.
Bromthymol Blue↗
[Colorimetric determination of calcium in serum using methylthymol blue].
A simple, specific and rapid colorimetric method for the determination of calcium concentration and serum using methylthymol blue is described. The reagent given can be used both in a manual method and in an automatic method using an auto-analyser without dialysis. The results obtained by the automatic method are compared to those found by the manual method and those obtained by atomic absorption.
Autoanalysis↗
[Identification of varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans by the use of culture media].
Ten Cryptococcus neoformans strains of human origin were studied in order to know their variety by using 2 different culture mediums: creatinine-bromothymol-blue-dextrose and glycine-cycloheximide-phenol red. The results obtained in the two mediums were not totally coincidental. The possible causes and the specificity of these mediums for identifying C. neoformans varieties are discussed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
A method for the estimation of traces of chlorhexidine in water.
A simple method of estimating traces of chlorhexidine in water using bromothymol blue is described. The procedure involves the extraction of the chlorhexidine/bromothymol blue complex into carbon tetrachloride from a buffered neutral solution and measurement of the absorbances of the extracts in a spectrophotometer. The extracted complex has good colour stability, and the method is accurate, reproducible, and very sensitive, with concentrations of chlorhexidine down to 0.05 micrograms ml-1 measurable.
Bromthymol Blue↗
An evaluation of the use of a pH indicator for the detection of beta-lactamase in enzyme immunoassay.
The use of a mixed pH indicator containing bromocresol purple and bromothymol blue was evaluated for the detection of beta-lactamase activity in enzyme immunoassays (EIA) based on this enzyme. The EIA was found to correlate well with a bioassay for antibodies to tetanus toxoid in sheep sera. Results could be read spectrophotometrically at 450 nm or visually as a colour change from dark blue to yellow. The mixed pH indicator was found to have a number of desirable features including good stability, ease of preparation and a sharp colour change which makes the system suitable for visual determination of titration end points.
Animals↗