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PubMed2006

Book citations: influence of epidemiologic thought in the academic community.

Whilst their 'death' has often been certified, books remain highly important to most professions and academic disciplines. Analyses of citations received by epidemiologic texts may complement other views on epidemiology. The objective was to assess the number of citations received by some books of epidemiology and public health, as a first step towards studying the influence of epidemiological thought and thinking in academia. For this purpose, Institute for Scientific Information/ Thomson Scientific - Web of Science/ Web of Knowledgedatabase was consulted, in May 2006. The book by Rothman & Greenland appeared to have received the highest number of citations overall (over 8,000) and per year. The books by Kleinbaum et al, and by Breslow & Day received around 5,000 citations. In terms of citations per year the book by Sackett et al ranks 3rd, and the one by Rose, 4th of those included in this preliminary study. Other books which were influential in the classrooms collected comparatively less citations. Results offer a rich picture of the academic influences and trends of epidemiologic methods and reasoning on public health, clinical medicine and the other health, life and social sciences. They may contribute to assess epidemiologists' efforts to demarcate epidemiology and to assert epistemic authority, and to analyze some historical influences of economic, social and political forces on epidemiological research.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2000

[A review of Sanizade Mehmed Ataullah Efendi's book: Kanunü'l Cerrahin].

Sanizade, who lived in the first half of the 19th century, is an important physician for his great contributions to the Ottoman Medicine, by transferring European medical knowledge. He has important books concerning history, as well as medicine. In one of his works on medicine, Hamse-i Sanizade, a work of five volumes, the volume titled Kanunü'l Cerrahin (the Law of Surgery), deals with surgery. Written in 1810s, the book could be published only in 1828, after Sanizade's death. In the introduction of the book, diseases necessitating surgery and surgical operations are described in brief. In the part concerning diseases requiring surgery; swellings, diseases of the uro-genital organs, hard and soft tumors, injuries and wounds and methods of their treatment are dealt with. As an additional part, orthopedical disorders, such as fractures, dislocations and other skeletal disorders are described. Surgical operations are written aiming to train in the field. The book is not composed in the classical style of the Ottoman surgery books, which implies that the book might be a translation from an Italian work or it may be an anthology.

Books↗
PubMed1983

Selected list of Books and Journals for the small medical library.

The relationship of the "Selected List" to collection development is explored in the introduction to this revised list of 559 books and 135 journals. The list is intended as a selection guide for the small or medium-sized library in a hospital or comparable medical facility or as a core collection for a consortium of small hospital libraries. Books and journals are categorized by subject; the book list is followed by an author/editor index and the subject list of journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase by smaller libraries (155 books and 54 journals) are indicated by asterisks. To purchase the entire collection of books and to pay for annual subscriptions would require an expenditure of about $38,900. The cost of only the asterisked items totals approximately $13,200.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1981

Selected list of books and journals for the small medical library.

This revised list of 539 books and 136 journals is intended as a selection guide for small or medium-sized hospital libraries or for small medical libraries in comparable health care facilities. It can also be used as a core list by consortia of small hospital libraries. Books and journals are categorized by subject; the book list is followed by an author index and the list of journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase by smaller libraries, 137 books and 54 journals, are indicated by asterisks. To purchase the entire collection of books and to pay for annual subscriptions to all the journals would require an expenditure of about $30,000. The cost of only the asterisked items, which are recommended for first purchase, totals approximately $8,900.

Book Prices↗
PubMed2006

The book lungs of Scorpiones and Tetrapulmonata (Chelicerata, Arachnida): evidence for homology and a single terrestrialisation event of a common arachnid ancestor.

The question of whether Arachnida (Chelicerata) conquered terrestrial habitats only once or several times is controversial. The key group in this respect is the Scorpiones. Several authors claim that they became terrestrial independently of other arachnid lineages. This argumentation uses two lines of evidence. One is that book lungs of scorpions and other arachnids are considered non-homologous because they occur on different segments. The other line is based on fossil evidence which suggests that early scorpions were aquatic, together with a putative sister group relationship between scorpions and the aquatic Eurypterida. To address this problem we undertook a comparative scanning electron microscopical and histological study of the book lungs of scorpions, amblypygids, uropygids, and mesothelid spiders. In addition, we included the book gills of a xiphosuran. We found several detailed similarities in the book lungs shared by all arachnid taxa studied. Based on these findings we conclude that arachnid book lungs are homologous. Furthermore, we suggest that the apomorphic book lungs of arachnids indicate a single terrestrialisation event in the stem lineage leading to Arachnida.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Kinematics of the human pelvis following open book injury.

The objective of this study is to determine the three dimensional kinematics of the human pelvis including both sacroiliac joints following a simulated open book injury induced on cadavers by applying anterior-posterior compressive loads to the pelvis. An electromagnetic digitizing and motion tracking system was utilized to measure the morphology of the pelvis and the relative movements of its bones during this simulated open book fracture. The screw displacement axis method was used to describe the relative motion between the sacrum and each hipbone. Morphologically, it was found that the articular surfaces forming the sacroiliac joints could be approximated with planar surfaces directed from proximal and lateral to distal and medial and from posteromedial to anterolateral. The kinematic data obtained from this study indicate that there is a direct correlation between the opening of the symphysis pubis and the opening of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) during open book injury. This suggests that the extent of injury of the SIJ maybe estimated from the degree of opening of the symphysis pubis as demonstrated on anteroposterior (A-P) x-rays. The results obtained from this study also indicate that the motion of the hipbone with respect to the sacrum on the side of the sacroiliac joint opening is almost a pure rotation, which translates clinically on the A-P x-rays as pure opening of the SIJ without vertical displacement. The average axis of rotation was found to be almost parallel to the SIJ planar articular surface. Furthermore, the pubic bone on the side of SIJ opening was found to displace inferiorly and posteriorly. One can thus conclude that in open book pelvic injuries, the pubic bone on the side of injury displaces inferiorly on the outlet projection x-rays with no vertical displacement of the SIJ. This is important since the initial assessment of the open book injury in the emergency room includes outlet projection x-rays. From this study, the relative vertical positions of the pubic bones on these x-rays can help the surgeon in differentiating open book fracture injury from other pelvic injuries.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1994

Joint book-reading strategies in working-class African American and white mother-toddler dyads.

Twenty working-class mother-toddler dyads were videorecorded during three joint book-reading activities. Ten of the dyads were white, and 10 were African American, balanced for parent educational level, family income, and parental occupation. The children ranged in age from 18 to 30 months and were normally developing. The parents read an experimental book to their child two times and a favorite book they brought from home one time. Videotapes of the joint book-readings were analyzed to determine cultural differences and the effects of book familiarity on the occurrence of maternal and child communication behaviors. The results show many similarities between the cultural groups in joint book-reading behaviors. However, statistical analyses revealed a significant difference between the cultural groups in the use of questions. African American mothers used significantly fewer questioning behaviors compared to the white mothers. White children produced more question-related communications, and African American children produced more spontaneous verbalizations. Several effects of familiarity were also found. The findings are compared to anthropological reports on caretaker-child interaction in African American families and implications are discussed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2001

An objective review of consumer books about back pain.

Back pain is epidemic, and dozens of books inform the public about this disorder. The increase in "self-help" medical books has not been accompanied by objective critiques of this important literature. We conducted an objective, quantified evaluation of the comprehensiveness and quality of these books. A Books in Print search resulted in 38 books on back pain, of which 27 were found and purchased. Topics covered, organization, and emphasis were coded according to scales with excellent interrater reliability. Alternative and conventional treatments were emphasized in most books, but epidemiology, natural history, and risk factors were substantially de-emphasized, covering less than 3% of the text. This objective and validated evaluation of the consumer literature provides a format for researching patient education in other health areas.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of low-risk pregnant women booked for delivery in two systems of care: shared-care (consultant) and integrated general practice unit. II. Labour and delivery management and neonatal outcome.

A random sample of low-risk pregnant women were equally divided into four groups of 63 nulliparae and multiparae each booked for care in a integrated general practice unit (GPU) and a shared-care (consultant) system. Selection criteria included only women who were admitted because they were in spontaneous labour or thought they were. Nulliparous women booked for shared-care came into hospital at a less advanced state of cervical dilatation than those booked for the GPU and spent longer (11 compared with 8 h) in hospital before delivery; the comparable durations in multiparae were 6 and 4 h. Both the first and second stages of labour were longer in the GPU-booked women but they received less pethidine and fewer had epidural analgesia; they received less electronic fetal monitoring, augmentation and forceps delivery, and fetal distress was diagnosed less often. The 1-min Apgar score was less than or equal to 6 in 17.5% of infants of nulliparae booked for the shared-care system compared with 1.6% of those booked for the GPU. The intubation rate of infants of nulliparae was 11% in the shared-care system compared with no intubations in the GPU. These comparisons demonstrate the simplicity and safety of delivery of low-risk women in the GPU as compared with deliveries of similar women in a shared-care (consultant) unit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Evaluation of school-books content on the subject of vaccines].

OBJECTIVES: Both school-books as well as teachers in elementary education play an important role in the dissemination of concepts on health education. To evaluate the content of the books used for elementary education with regard to their concepts and information on vaccination. METHODS: A total of 50 schoolbooks in the domains of Sciences and Biology was analyzed to verify their content on vaccination. The work was carried out by two fifth year students of medicine and also by a professor in the area of Pediatrics. RESULTS: Of the 50 books analyzed, 17 (34%) had no information whatsoever on vaccination. Regarding content, of the 33 books that did have information on vaccines, 19 (57.5%) had incorrect information: errors on the definition of vaccines, errors on the vaccination calendar, absence of content updating, omission of the content and inadequate illustration. Among the errors are: mention of inexistent vaccines (dengue) or in disuse (smallpox), the fallacy that vaccine is a remedy, vaccine indication only for children and association of vaccines with pain and discomfort. Moreover, regarding content, 26 books (78.7%) cited concept/definition of vaccines, 29/33 (87.8%) associated vaccine with prevention of disease, 10/33 (30.3%) cited a basic calendar of vaccination and only 7/33 (21.2%) informed on vaccination in other age brackets other than the pediatric one. CONCLUSION: In spite of the importance of vaccination and notwithstanding the guidelines of MEC (Brazilian Education Ministry), more than half of the books analyzed had some misconception or wrong information on the subject.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of the books of the New Testament (English Translation) in terms of emotion and word use.

The 27 books of the New Testament (English Translation) were scored using the Dictionary of Affect in Language. Books were compared with one another in terms of Activation, Pleasantness, and Imagery scores, and in terms of word length, use of the word "love," and mentions of Jesus. Significant differences among books were evident for all variables. A table of means and standard errors is provided. Measures of the books were related to one another, e.g., Pleasantness score and the use of the word "love" (p=.80) and to descriptors of the books, e.g., longer books tended to score lower on Pleasantness (p = -.79).

Affect↗
PubMed1998

Research on medical texts quoted by "a new book of pediatrics".

"A New Book of Pediatrics" (hereinafter referred to as "the Book") is a pediatric monumental work written in the Song Dynasty. The Book quoted 141 medical texts with 10096 items totally. Relying on the Book, many lost and important ancient pediatrical works, to a great extent, are preserved up to now. Also, the Book collects a large number of never-published prescriptions applied among the people or handed down on the family from generation to generation secretly. As the source of all quoted literatures are indicated, the original shapes of many literatures can thus be resumed by conclusion and collating. Therefore, the Book has important research significance to collating literatures as well as of great reference value to medical practice.

China↗
PubMed2001

Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia in pregnant women at booking in a primary health care facility in a periurban community in Lagos, Nigeria.

Malaria can cause severe disease in pregnancy. We determined asymptomatic parasitaemia in 477 consenting consecutive women during their booking visits to a primary health care facility in a peri-urban area in Lagos State. There were 129 primigravidae and 348 multigravidae, with mean ages of 19.8 +/- 2.4 years (range 16-26 years) and 25.7 +/- 3.7 years (range 19-41 years), respectively. Most of the patients, 77.5% of primigravidae and 73.6% of multigravidae booked in the second trimester. Many (79.1%) of the primigravidae and 81.9% of the multigravidae had not taken any form of antimalaria chemoprophylaxis at the time of booking. Parasitaemia was significantly higher in the primigravidae than in the multigravidae 44.2% vs 33.6% (chi2 = 3.89, P < 0.05). In both primigravidae and multigravidae parasitaemia was highest in the second trimester compared with the two other trimesters (chi2 = 7.92, P < 0.02 and chi2 = 8.54, P < 0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference in parasitaemia among those who had anti-malaria chemoprophylaxis prior to booking and those who did not (P > 0.05). Prevalence of anaemia (PCV < 33%) was high, 73.6% in primigravidae and 69.8% in multigravidae, severe anaemia (PCV < 21%) however, was significantly associated with parasitaemia in the primigravidae (chi2 = 115, P < 0.001). Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia at booking is high, hence we recommend parasites clearance in all patients at booking.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sensitisation about condom use in Gabon (1999): evaluation of the impact of a comic book].

The authors report the evaluation of the impact of a comic book about condom use distributed to Gabonese high school students in Libreville and Lambarene in 1999. This evaluation was conducted through a self-administered questionnaire completed by 954 students in 11 high schools immediately before distribution of a comic book about condoms and by 771 students 15-30 days afterwards. The anonymous questionnaire contained multiple-choice and open questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices. During the second survey (same schools and same classes), the questions tested knowledge about AIDS and about the stories in the book. The student populations who responded to the two questionnaires were homogeneous for sex, age, school class, and province of residence. Knowledge about the modes of HIV/AIDS contamination improved substantially between the two questionnaires, with knowledge about the mother-child transmission pathway increasing from 47% to 75% of responders. At the same time, and without any significant difference by sex, class or province, individual adhesion to the role of the condom as a means of prevention against AIDS progressed from 64% to 95%. The students questioned wanted AIDS prevention information to be better integrated into their curriculum and, in particular, they wanted educational activities in this area in their school, either by their teachers or in special information areas. Thus, the 48-page comic book by young Gabonese artists was perceived as a good method of condom education for the young (75%) and as an excellent method for inducing awareness about it among them (89%). The book's contents had been absorbed, and the students found that the stories and the message were well matched. Moreover, the extension of the readership beyond the initial distribution at the first evaluation (7.5 readers reported per copy) showed that the messages in the book spread well beyond the student group.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

[A review of Sanizade Mehmed Ataullah Efendi's book: Kanunu'l Cerrahin].

Sanizade, who lived in the first half of the 19th century, is an important physician for his great contributions to the Ottoman Medicine, by transfering European medical knowledge. He has important books concerning history, as well as medicine. In one of his works on medicine, Hamse-i Sanizade, a work of five valumes, the volume titled Kanunü'l Cerrahin (the Law of Surgery), deals with surgery. Written in 1810s, the book could be published only in 1828, after Sanizade's death. In the introduction of the book, diseases necessitating surgery and surgical operations are described in brief. In the part concerning diseases requiring surgery; swellings, diseases of the urogenital organs, hard and soft tumors, injuries and wounds and methods of their treatment are dealt with. As an additional part, orthopedical disorders, such as fractures, dislocations and other skeletal disorders are described. Surgical operations are written aiming to train in the field. The book is not composed in the classical style of the Ottoman surgery books, which implies that the book might be a translation form an Italian work or it may be an anthology.

Europe↗
PubMed1991

[Experience in using personal computers in writing and publishing books].

Experiences in using personal computers in writing and publishing books are presented. Since 1984, I have written 8 books, translated 4, and edited two books, in all of which personal computers/wordprocessors have been somehow involved. Their relationships to computers were; writing using a wordprocessor, drawing graphs and figures by computers, writing books about computers and doing analysis using them, such as acid-base and uptake of inhalational anesthetics. In ten books out of these 14, the printings of text were done electronically from diskettes. This has decreased greatly the work of the author's galley-proof reading. The greatest advantage of the computers/wordprocessors is that they make personal editing possible, thereby compiling materials, writing them into books and improving grammar and wording.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1987

Outcome of women booked into an isolated general practice maternity unit over eight years.

The outcome of pregnancy of 1303 women admitted for delivery (including those transferred after admission) at an isolated general practitioner maternity unit over the period 1978-85 was studied. The outcome following change of booking before admission was also assessed for the years 1982-85. The crude perinatal mortality rate was 1.5 per 1000 for all admissions between 1978 and 1985. Of the women admitted in 1978-85 7.4% were transferred after admission while for those booked at the unit in 1982-85 11.3% had their place of booking changed. A higher proportion of nulliparous women than multiparous women were transferred or had their place of booking changed. The main reasons for transfer after admission were delay in the first stage of labour (21.9%), spontaneous rupture of membranes not in labour (16.7%) and hypertension (15.6%), and for change of booking postmaturity (26.9%) and hypertension (16.4%).Sufficient information concerning risk of transfer and change of booking may now be available from studies of isolated general practice maternity units for pregnant women at low risk to make an informed choice of place for delivery.

Delivery Rooms↗
PubMed1986

Reducing delay in booking for antenatal care.

THE STUDY COMPARED TWO SCHEMES OF BOOKING FOR ANTENATAL CARE: booking at a health centre by general practitioners in conjunction with a hospital consultant or booking in a hospital clinic by hospital staff. the health centre scheme reduced the proportion of women booking late at 16 or more weeks gestation from 44% to 11% and at 20 weeks or more from 28% to 6%. There was no improvement in delay in booking owing to late confirmation of pregnancy. The benefits of this scheme were due to improved attendance and reduced delays in booking among women who confirmed pregnancy before 16 weeks gestation.

Appointments and Schedules↗