Navel gazing: a clinical glimpse at body piercing.
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Body adornment through tattoos and piercings is on the increase, making adverse side effects more common. Practitioners should be prepared to give advice, either before the event, or post-procedure in written and oral forms. The aim of this article is to inform practitioners of the sites and types of piercings, likely adverse side effects and estimated healing times.
Body art, particularly piercings and tattoos, is becoming more common. Many patients get their first piercing or tattoo during adolescence or young adulthood. Clinicians should understand the potential complications of these procedures and their management. It also is important for clinicians to feel comfortable counseling adolescents and their families about practices in safer body art facilities.
As body piercing is increasingly en vogue, complications are on the rise as well. Biopsies of such lesions can impose special problems to the reviewing dermatopathologist. We present two patients who developed papulonodular lesions at the sites of ear piercings. Unexpectedly, the findings included prominent sarcoidal granuloma formation with confluent areas of fibrinoid necrosis. An infectious etiology was excluded. However, patch testing revealed contact allergy to palladium, platinum, and nickel. Interestingly, histopathologic examination of the patch test sites also demonstrated granuloma formation. These findings suggest that the lesions represent allergic contact granulomas. When confronted with this special type of tissue reaction in skin biopsies of piercing sites, the reviewing dermatopathologist should consider the possibility of an allergic reaction. Careful history and thorough diagnostic procedures, including biopsy of the patch test site can establish the diagnosis of contact allergic granuloma.
A case report of endocarditis after tongue piercing is presented. Body piercing is a form of self-expression that is achieving greater acceptance and wider practice in modern society. Even in healthy individuals, significant health risks exist with this type of physical adornment. Despite this fact, no significant regulatory mechanisms are currently in place to guide practitioners of this craft or to protect the recipients of body piercing. Medical professionals should join the American Dental Association in their opposition of the practice of intraoral/perioral piercing and should call for the development of legislation protecting the recipients of such practices, particularly the population of young people in whom this type of body art is becoming increasingly prevalent.
Body piercing, and particularly ear piercing is becoming increasingly common in young children who may not be capable of properly caring for the pierced site. This may result in infection at the site and embedding of the earring. Infection and the subsequent necessity of removal of such earrings can cause considerable pain and distress. There is also a proven risk of inducing nickel allergy in these children which can be a problem in later life. The potential for serious infection such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV is not appreciated by the parents of these children.
Body piercing and tattooing flourish on American campuses. The theoretical framework of symbolic interaction and subculture identity were used to examine two similar studies (methods, sample, and tools) for building a composite of influences associated with body art and further understand the psychosocial dimensions. In data from Armstrong, Owen, Roberts, and Koch (2002a, 2002b), and the described study within, four groups of college students (N=908) were formed; those without tattooing (n=419, 81%), and with tattooing (n=97, 19%), and those without body piercing (n=247, 55%) and with body piercing (N=145, 32%). Influences (purpose, image, identity, cues, barriers, family, friends) were examined. All four student groups reported a positive image for the body art. Friends provided major support, whereas family were not as influential. Uniqueness was important, with the major purposes "I just wanted one, express myself, feel unique, be myself, I don't need to impress anyone anymore, and it helps me feel independent."
In this presentation we examine the practice of high ear-piercing in children, the issue of informed consent and current legislation. We sampled current practice and consent policy by visiting nine establishments in Sheffield providing this service. There were two high street department stores, two fashion accessory outlets and five body-piercing studios. Enquiries were made as to the technique used, knowledge of complications, customer counselling and consent policy. A photograph of an ear with a cosmetic deformity following high ear-piercing was shown and awareness of this possible outcome was noted. Two ear-piercing techniques were identified, either a spring-loaded gun firing a blunt stud or the use of a body-piercing needle. The fashion accessory outlets were prepared to pierce any part of the ear using a spring-loaded gun in children under 16 years of age. There was a general lack of knowledge about possible serious complications. Two of the body piercers would not perform high ear-piercing on clients under the age of 16 years. The body piercers use a disposable needle and were of the opinion that using a spring-loaded gun shatters the cartilage and increases the risk of infection. The best technique is open to debate and it may be that the perceived unsavoury environment of the body-piercing studio represents a safer option than the more respectable or cheaper alternatives. The practice of body piercing in the UK remains uncontrolled.
235 college students rated themselves on a series of bipolar adjectives and answered questions about their involvement in a variety of "risky" behaviors, including tattooing and body piercing. 29 tattooed students rated themselves as more adventurous, creative, artistic, individualistic, and risky than those without tattoos. The 98 tattooed males considered themselves more attractive. Behaviorally, those with tattoos reported smoking more cigarettes. Tattooed men also reported more sexual partners, were more likely to report they had been arrested, and were more likely to have body piercings. The 21 tattooed women were more likely to report use of drugs other than alcohol, shoplifting, and body piercings in places other than their ears.