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[Fluorescence bacterioscopy, a direct method for bacteriological food analysis].

The present bacteriological method which is intended for the simultaneous direct detection of live and dead germs in foods, offers certain difficulties in differentiating between bacterial cells and food consituents of similar forms. Furthermore, gram-negative germs are not disclosed. To overcome these difficulties, the authors performed comparative model experiments with Gram's stain and the fluorescence method, including pure cultures and foods of animal and vegetable origin. Among the fluorochromes tested (primuline, auramine, acridine orange and acridine yellow), acridine yellow has proved to be specially suited and superior to Gram's stain. A method is described which is termed fluorescence bacterioscopy. Its advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

Acridines↗

Non acid-fast fluorescent M. leprae (?) in skin smears from leprosy patients.

Smears from 74 known smear negative cases of leprosy were examined after staining with Auramine 'O'. 40.54% cases were positive for fluorescent bacilli. 60.52% of cases on treatment and 19.44% cases after RFT had fluorescent bacilli in the skin smears. Results suggest the possibility of a non acid-fast fluorescent positive variant of M. leprae.

Benzophenoneidum↗

Reticulocytes: reference limits.

Healthy reference ranges for the total peripheral reticulocyte count and its three subpopulations, LFR (low fluorescence ratio), MFR (middle fluorescence ratio) and HFR (high fluorescence ratio) were established on 1219 healthy subjects. Samples were taken from subjects of both sexes with ages ranging from 4 to over 60 years. The observed ranges were found to be different between males and females for the group over 20 years old, while there was no difference between sexes found at the age between 4 and 19 years.

Adolescent↗

Comparison of auramine-rhodamine B and acridine orange for staining of acid-fast bacteria.

In cooperation of 6 laboratories in Czechoslovakia and in the GDR, the efficiency of auramine-rhodamine B (AR) and acridine orange (AO) (short-time method) for staining of acid-fast bacilli was compared. Whereas a former comparison of AR and AO (original method) pointed out the superiority of AR, the investigation of both methods used as short-time procedures showed significantly more acid-fast rods after using AO. The number of "false positive" results was somewhat higher on AR staining. However the results depend not only on the method used but also on the procedure of staining and the optical equipment, and they are essentially influenced by the experience and proficiency of the microscopist. Taking into account the results of both studies both auramine-rhodamine B and acridine orange can be proposed for the staining of slides for microscopical detection of acid-fast rods. In case of AO, the short-time method is superior to the original long-time procedure.

Acridine Orange↗