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PubMed1981

[Blood thyroid hormones in ischemic heart disease (a comparison with coronary angiographic data, severity of stenocardia and blood lipid level)].

The blood concentration of the thyroid hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone and lipids were estimated in 67 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), 12 patients with hypothyroidism (H) and 19 normal controls. H was diagnosed in 9% of the patients with IHD. There were similar changes of the blood lipid concentrations in the patients with IHD (without H) and the patients with H (without IHD): increased level of the total cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol of the low and very low density lipoproteins. The blood level of cholesterol of high density lipoproteins (C-HDL) was significally higher in the patients with H than in the patients with IHD. There was correlation of the level of thyroxine in the blood and clinical severity of angina pectoris among the euthyroid patients with IHD having the same degree of coronary atherosclerosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Blood lipid profiles in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal blood lipid profiles have been associated with cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and clinical significance of altered lipid profiles in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common form of malignant disease in this age group. METHODS: Fasting blood lipid profiles (cholesterol [C], triglycerides [TG], high density lipoprotein [HDL], low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, apolipoproteins A1 [apo A1] and B, and lipoprotein a [Lp(a)]) were obtained in 24 children with ALL at diagnosis, 16 children during consolidation therapy with L-asparaginase, and 18 children during maintenance therapy without L-asparaginase. For comparison the authors studied lipid profiles in 15 children previously treated for leukemia, 15 healthy control children, and 17 children with other forms of cancer, both localized and widespread. RESULTS: An altered blood lipid profile was observed at the time of diagnosis of ALL. Statistically significant values included elevated TG (1.82+/-1.23 mmol/L), reduced HDL-C (0.54+/-0.24 mmol/L), and reduced ApoA1 (0.77+/-0.18 g/L) levels. A wide range of Lp(a) levels (0-1990 mg/L) were observed. Significantly reduced HDL-C (0.55+/-0.20 mmol/L) and ApoA1 (0.69+/-0.22 g/L) were observed in children with widespread but not localized solid tumors at diagnosis. C and TG correlated with serum albumin levels. Significant therapy-related changes in lipid profiles were observed in children with ALL during combination therapy with L-asparaginase (extremely elevated TG levels [3.34+/-2.82 mmol/L] and a striking reduction in Lp(a) levels) that were not observed during combination therapy without L-asparaginase or in children during treatment for solid tumors. In this small study there was no relation between these abnormalities and either thromboembolic events or pancreatitis. Blood lipid profiles in children with ALL returned to normal on completion of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The lipid abnormalities observed at diagnosis in children with widespread cancer (ALL or solid tumors) may reflect altered nutritional states or altered lipid metabolism. Reduced concentrations of Lp(a) and elevated TG levels suggest L-asparaginase specific alterations and may provide insight into the toxicity associated with this drug.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2001

Blood lipid levels in a rural male population.

OBJECTIVES: Farmers have a low risk for cardiovascular disease, which may be related to a favourable blood lipid profile. In order to study the blood lipid levels and evaluate the effect of other cardiovascular risk factors on the blood lipid profile, this cross-sectional study was made. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 1013 farmers and 769 non-farming rural men in nine different Swedish counties were examined, interviewed, and replied to questionnaires. The inter-relationships between different risk factors were analysed using a multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS: The farmers had a significantly more favourable blood lipid profile than the non-farmers although the total cholesterol levels were almost the same for the two groups. In the total study population there were significant positive relationships between total cholesterol level and body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure and smoking. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was positively related to physical workload and alcohol consumption, and negatively related to BMI, waist/hip ratio and smoking. Triglyceride levels showed a positive relationship to BMI, waist/hip ratio and blood pressure. Differences between farmers and other rural males were seen, especially with respect to the effect of physical activity and psychosocial factors. Among the farmers, a negative correlation between the Karasek-Theorell authority over work index and total cholesterol, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/HDL ratio and triglyceride levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that diet is of minor significance for the blood lipid profile, whereas factors such as physical activity, body weight and the waist/hip ratio, smoking, alcohol consumption, and perhaps psychosocial working conditions are major independent factors affecting the blood lipid profile most prominently among farmers, but also among non-farming rural men.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2001

Blood lipids of young distance runners: distribution and inter-relationships among training volume, peak oxygen consumption, and body fatness.

This study describes the distribution of blood lipid concentrations and examines relationships among training volume (TV, kilometers per week), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), body fatness, and blood lipid concentrations in 48 male and 22 female distance runners, aged 10-19 years. Comparisons were made to a current reference sample and clinical cut-off points. Relationships were assessed by partial correlations allowing for age and sexual maturity. Compared to reference median values, mean concentrations of total cholesterol (P=0.07) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P<0.005) were higher, while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C; P=0.24) was comparable in male distance runners. Blood lipid concentrations in female distance runners were comparable to reference median values. Although some subjects had dyslipidemic values, most possessed clinically normal concentrations of blood lipids. The TV was weakly correlated with blood lipid concentrations, but may have been indirectly related with HDL-C through its relationship with VO2peak in males runners (r=0.32). In female runners, correlations between sum of skinfolds (SSF), the trunk-to-extremity ratio (TER) and blood lipid concentrations were low (r=0.16 to -0.27), with one exception (TER and HDL-C, r=-0.60). The most consistent relationships existed among TV, VO2peak, SSF, and HDL-C with partial correlations ranging from low (r=0.10 TV) to moderate (r=0.37 SSF, r=0.41 VO2peak). The correlation between VO2peak and HDL-C remained significant after allowing for age and SSF, while the partial correlation between SSF and HDL-C, allowing for age and VO2peak, was reduced and not significant (r=-0.19, P=0.20). In female runners, the correlation between VO2peak and HDL-C was r=0.32, whereas the partial correlation between SSF and HDLC, allowing for age and VO2peak, was r=0.00. Blood lipid concentrations of young male distance runners were not, on average, different to the general population of the youth of the United States. The young distance runners showed considerable heterogeneity in blood lipid phenotypes, including dyslipidemic values. The results highlight the complex relationships among TV, VO2peak, body fat and HDL-C, and indicate the unique contribution of VO2peak as an important predictor of HDL-C in young distance runners.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Fat distribution and blood lipids in a sample of healthy elderly people.

The cross-sectional sample consisted of data for 41 white men and 63 white women, 67-92 years of age who were healthy volunteer participants in the Aging Process Study at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The variables consisted of anthropometric measures of body fatness, blood lipids and blood pressures. Correlations were computed between principal component scores, ratios of body circumferences, W/S2, blood lipid values and blood pressures for each sex. In the men, the significant correlations were of the abdomen/hip and abdomen/thigh ratios with W/S2, and the principal component scores with HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and systolic blood pressure. In the women, the abdomen/hip ratio had a low negative correlation with HDL cholesterol but a low positive correlation with triglyceride levels. The principal component scores also had low correlations with blood pressure and triglycerides. Multiple regressions were used to determine further associations between risk factors and fat distribution indices. In the men, the relationships of age and levels of body fatness with HDL cholesterol were much stronger and more complex than those with triglyceride or systolic blood pressure. In the women, only HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were associated with abdomen/hip ratio after removing the effects of overall fatness. The present findings indicate that a large abdominal circumference, implying a correspondingly large internal adipose tissue deposit, produces negative health alterations in blood lipid levels in this sample of elderly individuals. In younger adults, these changes are considered to increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2006

Effects of endurance training on blood lipid profiles in adolescent female distance runners.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of endurance training on the relationships of body composition, blood lipid profiles and sex hormones in adolescent female distance-runners. We cross-sectionally compared body composition, blood lipid profiles and blood sex hormones of non-athletes (n=7) and distance-runners (n=8), with the similar lower level of BMI (17.1 kg/m(2) vs. 18.7 kg/m(2), respectively). After the cross sectional comparison on the influence of endurance training, body composition, blood lipid profiles and blood sex hormones were examined at pre- and post-one year endurance training in the distance-runners (n=6) to determine longitudinal effects. %Fat in distance-runners revealed a tendency to be lower than that in non-athletes (23.8+/-3.5 vs 27.3+/-2.5%). Both groups showed good blood lipid profiles, such as high levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), HDL-2c, and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I). However, the estrogen (E(2)) level of distance-runners was less than one third of that in non-athletes (30.5+/-11.3 vs 112.9+/-66.2 pg/ml, p<0.01). In addition, the blood E(2) levels (pg/ml) were significantly associated with the internal fat mass (IF, kg) in all subjects (r=-0.613, p<0.05, n=15). On the other hand, the overall body composition and good blood lipid profiles in the longitudinal comparison were maintained to a constant level for one year endurance training, except for significant elevations in the two enzyme activities and E(2) level (LPL activity: from 145.3+/-40.8 to 362.2+/-65.8 ng/ml, HTGL activity: from 0.054+/-0.020 to 0.173+/-0.080 micromole/ml/min, E(2): from 30.7+/-13.2 to 65.6+/-24.2 pg/ml, p<0.05). These results suggest that the lipid profiles such as HDL-c and Apo A-I in adolescent female distance-runners could be rather affected by endurance training, despite the low level of E(2) for a long term.

Body Composition↗

PubMed1975

Effect of triiodothyronine on blood lipids in obesity.

Different blood lipid components were evaluated in obese and normal Egyptians. In obese, plasma levels of total lipoproteins, beta-lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acids were found to be significantly elevated. The plasma levels of esterified cholesterol and phospholipids were found to be significantly reduced. Tertroxine caused a drop of the plasma level of total lipoproteins, beta lipoproteins and total cholesterol and rise of plasma level of non-esterified fatty acids.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Influence of maternal serum lipids and maternal diet during the third trimester of pregnancy on umbilical cord blood lipids in two populations of Spanish newborns.

An analysis was made of the influence of maternal diet and serum lipids during the third trimester of pregnancy upon cord blood lipids in two populations of Spanish newborns. A significant correlation was found to exist between maternal cholesterol concentrations and those of newborn infants (r = 0.3298). A correlation was also found between maternal cholesterol levels and infant HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.2575) and LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.3053) levels. Further, a positive correlation was seen between maternal LDL-cholesterol and infant cholesterol (r = 0.3204) and LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.3507). The relationship between maternal cholesterol and cord blood cholesterol was independent of participants' dietary, anthropometric and personal data. 3.1% of neonates showed total cord blood cholesterol concentrations of > 2.6 mmol/L. The mothers of these children showed the strongest concentrations of cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in the third trimester of pregnancy, the shortest pregnancies and the smallest newborns of all subjects. Negative correlations were found between birth weight and cord blood cholesterol levels (r = -0.1475) and LDL-cholesterol (r = -0.1686). It might be deduced from these results that a relationship exists between the maternal blood lipid parameters studied and those of the cord. Inverse relationships were also seen to exist between the lipid parameters of cord blood and weight at birth and length of pregnancy. These data have implications that deserve further study.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed2004

Race and sex similarities in exercise-induced changes in blood lipids and fatness.

PURPOSE: This study explores sex and race differences in the association between changes in fat mass (FM), abdominal visceral fat (AVF), and abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) on blood lipid changes consequent to aerobic exercise training. METHODS: The sample included 613 participants (428 white and 185 black, 46% men) from the HERITAGE Family Study. Total FM was determined by densitometry, whereas AVF and ASF cross-sectional areas were determined by computed tomography at the L4-L5 level. Blood lipid measurements included total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and the TC/HDL-C ratio, which were obtained before and after 20 wk of supervised aerobic exercise. Canonical correlation was used to determine the multivariate associations between body fatness and blood lipids at baseline and the changes induced by exercise training. RESULTS: Body fat accounted for 26-36% of the variance in baseline blood lipids, and changes in body fat accounted for 7-21% of the variance in changes in blood lipids with exercise training. The pattern of loadings indicated similar relationships between body fatness and blood lipids at baseline, and their respective changes with exercise training among the four sex-by-race groups. Greater fat loss, characterized by loss of FM, AVF, and ASF, was associated with a greater blood lipid response characterized by an increase in HDL-C and decreases in LDL-C, TG, TC, and TC/HDL-C. Although the pattern of loadings was similar in all groups, the strength of the association was stronger in blacks than in whites. CONCLUSION: The multivariate associations among fat loss and changes in blood lipids consequent to aerobic exercise training are similar in black and white men and women.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2005

Effect of homocysteine-lowering nutrients on blood lipids: results from four randomised, placebo-controlled studies in healthy humans.

BACKGROUND: Betaine (trimethylglycine) lowers plasma homocysteine, a possible risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, studies in renal patients and in obese individuals who are on a weight-loss diet suggest that betaine supplementation raises blood cholesterol; data in healthy individuals are lacking. Such an effect on cholesterol would counteract any favourable effect on homocysteine. We therefore investigated the effect of betaine, of its precursor choline in the form of phosphatidylcholine, and of the classical homocysteine-lowering vitamin folic acid on blood lipid concentrations in healthy humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We measured blood lipids in four placebo-controlled, randomised intervention studies that examined the effect of betaine (three studies, n = 151), folic acid (two studies, n = 75), and phosphatidylcholine (one study, n = 26) on plasma homocysteine concentrations. We combined blood lipid data from the individual studies and calculated a weighted mean change in blood lipid concentrations relative to placebo. Betaine supplementation (6 g/d) for 6 wk increased blood LDL cholesterol concentrations by 0.36 mmol/l (95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.46), and triacylglycerol concentrations by 0.14 mmol/l (0.04-0.23) relative to placebo. The ratio of total to HDL cholesterol increased by 0.23 (0.14-0.32). Concentrations of HDL cholesterol were not affected. Doses of betaine lower than 6 g/d also raised LDL cholesterol, but these changes were not statistically significant. Further, the effect of betaine on LDL cholesterol was already evident after 2 wk of intervention. Phosphatidylcholine supplementation (providing approximately 2.6 g/d of choline) for 2 wk increased triacylglycerol concentrations by 0.14 mmol/l (0.06-0.21), but did not affect cholesterol concentrations. Folic acid supplementation (0.8 mg/d) had no effect on lipid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Betaine supplementation increased blood LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in healthy humans, which agrees with the limited previous data. The adverse effects on blood lipids may undo the potential benefits for cardiovascular health of betaine supplementation through homocysteine lowering. In our study phosphatidylcholine supplementation slightly increased triacylglycerol concentrations in healthy humans. Previous studies of phosphatidylcholine and blood lipids showed no clear effect. Thus the effect of phosphatidylcholine supplementation on blood lipids remains inconclusive, but is probably not large. Folic acid supplementation does not seem to affect blood lipids and therefore remains the preferred treatment for lowering of blood homocysteine concentrations.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Effect of hypothyroidism on blood lipid concentrations in horses.

OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare concentrations of selected blood lipids before and after thyroidectomy in horses. ANIMALS: 5 healthy adult mares. PROCEDURE: Mares were confirmed to be euthyroid. Thyroidectomy was performed, and hypothyroidism was confirmed. Selected blood lipid variables were measured before hypothyroidism was induced and weekly for 4 weeks after induction. Plasma concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) were measured. The composition of VLDL and LDL also was examined. RESULTS: Mean plasma concentrations of VLDL and LDL increased significantly after thyroidectomy. By 4 weeks after thyroidectomy, a ninefold increase in mean plasma concentration of VLDL and a threefold increase in LDL, compared with baseline values, were detected. After thyroidectomy, mean percentage of TG in VLDL increased significantly, whereas free cholesterol and cholesterol ester content decreased. Mean percentage of TG in LDL also increased by 3 to 4 weeks after thyroidectomy. Serum concentrations of TG and TC increased, whereas serum NEFA concentration decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothyroidism significantly alters blood lipid concentrations of horses. After thyroidectomy, markedly high VLDL concentration, appearance of TG-rich VLDL, increased serum concentrations of TG and TC, and decreased blood concentration of NEFA were evident. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Examination of blood lipid concentrations of horses may be useful for detecting naturally acquired hypothyroidism.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Blood lipids: the relationship with alcohol intake, smoking, and body weight.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the interrelationship between alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, body weight, and blood lipid concentrations. DESIGN: This was the cross sectional (screening) phase of a prospective study. The main outcome measure was the blood lipids (serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides). SETTING: General practices in 24 towns (The British Regional Heart Study). SUBJECTS: Subjects were 7735 men aged 40-59 years, selected at random from the age-sex registers of one group practice in each of the 24 towns. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed little association between alcohol intake and total cholesterol, a strong positive relation with HDL cholesterol, and a significant increase in triglycerides in heavy drinkers. A strong positive association between alcohol intake and body weight was present in non-smokers but not in moderate/heavy smokers. With the exception of HDL cholesterol, the relationships between alcohol intake and serum lipids were significantly different in smokers and non-smokers, apparently due to the opposing effect of smoking on blood lipids and body weight. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly and positively associated with alcohol intake in non-smokers, the cholesterol association being largely mediated by the influence of alcohol on body weight. In smokers, no such association was seen: current smokers who were heavy drinkers or non-drinkers had the lowest mean cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS: The association between alcohol intake and body weight and alcohol intake and blood lipids are strongly conditioned by cigarette smoking. Simple standardisation for smoking in multivariate analyses may obscure the independent relationship with alcohol. These findings are of importance in studies seeking to relate alcohol intake, body weight, or cigarette smoking to blood lipid concentrations, or blood lipid concentration to morbidity or mortality.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Ocular signs and symptoms of altered blood lipids.

Several eye signs may present secondary to altered blood lipid levels. It is important to recognize these signs and their implications relative to both primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinemias. The significance of corneal arcus is age related, while isolated xanthelasma implies altered blood lipid levels in 30-50% of the cases. Eruptive xanthomas imply triglyceride levels in excess of 1500 mg% while lipemia retinalis presents when triglyceride levels exceed 2500 mg%. Retinal emboli present as a sign of an eroding atheroma and as such an indicator of the possibility of an impending stroke. Altered blood lipid levels represent a threat to life and must be recognized as early as possible to institute therapy. Therapy may be directed to either the primary or secondary causes of hyperlipoproteinemias.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Blood lipids in young distance runners.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the age-and sex-associated variation in blood lipids among young athletes. METHODS: A mixed-longitudinal design was used to examine the development of blood lipids in competitive young distance runners followed from 1982 to 1985. Serial data included 99 annual measurements for 27 male subjects and 84 annual measurements for 27 female subjects aged 9-18 yr. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were determined by standard procedures. RESULTS: In general, cross-sectional age group means showed that TC and LDL-C remained stable and HDL-C declined with age, especially in male subjects. TG increased with age. Age-related trends were statistically significant for HDL-C and TG in boys only (P < 0.05). TC and LDL-C were slightly greater in boys at all ages except 11, 15, and 17 yr (P > 0.05). HDL-C was similar between the sexes until 13 yr when values became greater in girls (3.2-13.8 mg.dL(-1)) (P < 0.05 in 17+ yr). No clear pattern of sex differences emerged for TG. Compared with the general population, blood lipids of young distance runners showed the following trends: 1) TC was above reference medians, 2) LDL-C tended to approximate or to be slightly above reference medians, 3) TG fluctuated about the reference medians, and 4) HDL-C was higher in distance runners compared to the reference medians before age 14 yr, but in the older age groups, especially male subjects, HDL-C either approximated or fell slightly below the reference medians. There was considerable variability in blood lipid levels among the runners. In 21 male and 18 female subjects with serial data for 3-5 yr, HDL-C declined 22.4 and 18.3 mg.dL(-1) (P < 0.05), whereas TG increased 18.0 and 14.0 mg.dL(-1)(P < 0.05 in female subjects only) in male and female subjects, respectively. Tracking coefficients over intervals of 3-5 yr were moderate to high (0.48-0.90), except for TG in male subjects (0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the development of blood lipids in young distance runners is similar to youth in the general population. In contrast to observations in adult endurance athletes, young distance runners did not possess a superior blood lipid profile except for HDL-C in the younger age groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Effect of hypothyroidism on the blood lipid response to higher dietary fat intake in mares.

Blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were measured and compared between euthyroid and thyroidectomized mares on low-fat or high-fat diets to test the hypothesis that hypothyroidism alters the blood lipid response to higher dietary fat intake. Four healthy adult mares and four adult mares that had been thyroidectomized 3 to 6 mo earlier were placed on low-fat or high-fat diets according to a replicated 2 x 2 Latin square design consisting of two 5-wk feeding periods separated by a 2-wk washout interval. Plasma lipid concentrations were measured at 0, 3, 4, and 5 wk, and plasma lipase activities were measured at the end of each 5-wk feeding period. Compared with euthyroid mares (0.46 ng/mL [range 0.34 to 0.68 ng/mL T3], and 21.5 ng/mL [range 18.1 to 25.1 ng/mL T4], respectively), median serum concentrations of T3 and T4 were lower (P = 0.029 and P = 0.021, respectively) in thyroid-ectomized mares (0.26 ng/mL [range 0.23 to 0.26 ng/ mL T3], and undetectable T4). Serum T4 concentrations were below the limits of detection in thyroidectomized horses. Alterations in body weight over 5 wk did not differ between groups. Mean plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were higher (P = 0.045 and 0.034, respectively) in hypothyroid mares (55.42 +/- 35.05 mg/dL and 52.83 +/- 34.46 mg/dL, respectively) compared with euthyroid mares (28.28 +/- 13.76 mg/dL and 23.53 +/- 9.84 mg/dL, respectively). Mean plasma total cholesterol (TC) concentrations increased from 88.73 +/- 25.49 mg/dL at baseline to 103.93 +/- 24.42 mg/dL after 5 wk on the low-fat diet, but increased by a greater magnitude (P = 0.006 diet +/- time interaction) in mares that were on the high-fat diet (81.05 +/- 17.24 mg/dL and 123.84 +/- 32.27 mg/ dL, respectively). Mean plasma TC concentrations were higher (P = 0.099) in hypothyroid mares (116.16 +/- 32.89 mg/dL) than in euthyroid mares (89.56 +/- 14.45 mg/ dL). Higher post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities (P = 0.012 andP = 0.017, respectively) were detected in mares that were on the high-fat diet (2.66 +/- 0.91 micromol FA x mL(-1) x h(-1) and 2.95 +/- 0.49 micromol FA x mL(-1) x h(-1), respectively) vs. a low-fat diet (1.75 +/- 0.55 micromol FA x mL(-1) x h(-1) and 2.27 +/- 0.59 micromol FA x mL(-1) x h(-1), respectively). We conclude that plasma VLDL and TG concentrations are elevated in hypothyroid mares, but the blood lipid response to higher dietary fat intake is not influenced by hypothyroidism.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) powder tablets on serum lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in normo-lipidaemic volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Recent studies have cast doubt on the proposed lipid-lowering and blood pressure-lowering effects of garlic. We tested the effect of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder on blood lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in a 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Seventy-five healthy, normo-lipidaemic volunteers (men and women aged 40-60 years) were assigned to dried garlic powder tablets (10.8 mg alliin (3-(2-propenylsulfinyl)-L-alanine)/d, corresponding to about three garlic cloves) or placebo. Sixty-two subjects were eligible for the per-protocol analysis. The primary outcome measure was serum total cholesterol concentration. Secondary outcome measures were LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, blood pressure and arterial stiffness (assessed by pulse wave velocity). No significant differences between the garlic and placebo groups were detected for any of the outcome measures. However, garlic powder was associated with a near-significant decrease (12 %) in triacylglycerol concentration (P=0.07). In conclusion, garlic powder tablets have no clinically relevant lipid-lowering and blood pressure-lowering effects in middle-aged, normo-lipidaemic individuals. The putative anti-atherosclerotic effect of garlic may be linked to risk markers other than blood lipids.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Reproductive performance and changes in blood lipids in breeding females and in growing Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic and New Zealand White rabbits.

The aim of the study was to compare the reproductive performance of homozygous and heterozygous WHHL and NZW females, to record the changes in blood lipids due to gestation and lactation in the heterozygous WHHL and NZW females, and to investigate the changes in blood lipids from 4 to 11 weeks of age in homozygous and heterozygous WHHL and NZW rabbits. The conception rate of homozygous WHHL females was 14% lower than that of NZW and heterozygous WHHL females. The litter size and the weaning rate of homozygous WHHL females were significantly lower than in NZW and heterozygous WHHL females. In heterozygous WHHL and NZW females the total cholesterol was lower during the gestation and lactation while the triglycerides were higher during the gestation and were the lowest during lactation when compared to the levels at mating. In growing homozygous WHHLs of both sexes the total cholesterol did not change from 4 to 11 weeks of age. The triglycerides remained unchanged in males but decreased in females at 11 weeks of age. At this age the triglycerides were significantly lower in females than in males. In growing heterozygous WHHLs of both sexes the total cholesterol and triglycerides decreased with age. At 11 weeks of age the blood lipids were significantly higher in females than in males. The triglyceride levels in homozygous and heterozygous WHHL males and females were comparable at 4 and 6 weeks of age but significantly lower in heterozygous WHHLs at 11 weeks of age. In growing NZW rabbits of both sexes the blood lipids decreased significantly with age but no sex difference was recorded. The blood lipids in the heterozygous WHHLs of both sexes were higher than in NZWs during weaning. At 11 weeks of age the blood lipids of the males and triglycerides of the females of both strains were comparable. Only the total cholesterol remained higher in heterozygous WHHL females. The decrease with age in blood lipids in growing rabbits should be kept in mind when designing experiments beginning in animals younger than 3 months of age.

Aging↗

PubMed2005

Blood lipid and lipoprotein levels: relationships with educational level and region of residence in the French SU.VI.MAX study.

BACKGROUND: Blood lipid profile of French men and women obtained from the general population is not well known. Furthermore, the association between these lipids, as a function of other potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and sociodemographic factors such as age, educational level, and region of residence is not well studied in large samples in Europe. METHODS: Data on French healthy volunteers, aged between 40 and 65 years for men (n = 5141) and 35 and 65 years for women (n = 7876) were obtained from the "Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants" (SU.VI.MAX) study, a primary prevention trial. Baseline blood samples were collected in 1994-1995 and analyzed for cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoproteins (apo)-B and -A1. The results were analyzed separately for men and women as a function of age, educational level, and area of residence. RESULTS: Overall, blood lipid levels for men and women did not differ significantly from those reported in other Western industrialized countries. Except for triglyceride in men, all blood lipids were statistically different among ages. In women, cholesterol, apo-A1, and apo-B showed a significant decrease with educational level. Statistical differences were found in both genders between blood lipids and lipoproteins among regions of residence. CONCLUSIONS: Even if differences between region of residence were found in blood lipid levels, this cannot explain the North-East to South gradient in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in France nor differences between France and other industrialized Western countries.

Adult↗