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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Evaluation of the hearing loss associated with cis-platinum treatment by high-frequency audiometry.

The effect of cis-platinum treatment on the hearing of 23 ovarian cancer patients was evaluated using standard and high-frequency audiometry. Twenty-two percent of the patients developed a hearing loss of at least 15 db, 13% in the range 125-8000 Hz and 9% only in the high-frequency area above 8 kHz. However, due to the high-frequency hearing loss (presbyacusis) in older patients high-frequency audiometry was often unobtainable. Hearing screening using standard pure-tone audiometry is recommended for cis-platinum patients as a routine procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Pure tone audiometry in children.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate performance of the children on pure tone audiometry (PTA), and role of age, concentration level (CL) and otitis media with effusion (OME) in testing process. METHODS: This study was prospectively performed on 100 consecutive children referred for PTA between 24 and 120 months of age. After the audiologists' decision on test technique, the followings were noted: CL (by using a visual analog scale), test duration, test convenience (TC) and the problems (interruption, delay, crying) during the test. By using pure tone averages (PTAv), mean hearing level (MHL) and mean gap (MG) were calculated. RESULTS: PTA was achieved in 90% of the children and PTAv of bone and air conduction in the both ears were obtained in 86% (play audiometry with earphones (PAE): 73%, conventional audiometry (CA): 22%). These ratios were not different between the children with and without OME. About 55% of the younger children than 36 months were failed in PTA, while this ratio was 4.5% in the children between 36 and 120 months. Only difference between PAE and CA tests was in MHL. In OME group, only TC was found to be lower. Correlation analysis showed that CL was correlated with age. Test duration was correlated with MG and MHL, but found to be dependent on only MG. Further, it was found that test choice of the audiologist was correlated with age and CL, but dependent on only CL. CONCLUSIONS: PTA is available in children depending on their age and particularly CL; hence, performance in PTA is directly related with audiologists' assessment the children and cooperation before starting the test. Meanwhile, test duration appears to be directly associated with the work on detection of the gap between air and bone conduction thresholds.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

The Welch Allyn Audioscope and Microtymp: their accuracy and that of pneumatic otoscopy, tympanometry and pure tone audiometry as predictors of otitis media with effusion.

Results of standard audiometry and tympanometry were compared with the Welch Allyn 'Audioscope' and 'Microtymp', in the diagnosis of secretory otitis media, in 100 children. Standard pure tone audiometry had a specificity of 92 per cent and sensitivity of 51.6 per cent. The Welch Allyn 'Audioscope' a specificity of 84.2 per cent and sensivity of 57.5 per cent; standard tympanometry a specificity of 71 per cent and sensitivity of 88 per cent; the Welch Allyn 'Microtymp' a specificity of 63 per cent and sensitivity of 90 per cent. In view of cost, portability, and speed of testing the Welch Allyn instruments would be particularly suitable for community screening. Pure tone audiometry with a pass threshold of 25 dB, at 2 and 4 kHz is a poor indicator of effusion.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain stem and other responses in electric response audiometry.

For electric response audiometry of young children who require sedation, an indicator is desired that is more reliable than the slow vertex potential. There are four leading candidates: 1) The electrocochleogram (ECochG) is very reliable with a transtympanic electrode on the promontory, but this is a surgical procedure and requires a general anesthetic. 2) The early midbrain responses give similar information with external electrodes, but they are complex and low in voltage. 3) The muscle reflexes (sonomotor responses) are a crude indicator with high and variable thresholds and are not suited to precise audiometry. 4) The "middle" responses, perhaps cortical in origin, are good candidates, but they have not yet been adequately validated in the clinic. For the midbrain responses and particularly for the ECochG, close synchronization of nerve impulses is essential. This requires a compromise with selectivity of frequency. High-tone audiometry by electrocochleography and midbrain responses is satisfactory, but limitations are increasingly severe below 2 kHz, where each sound wave is a separate acoustic stimulus. Low-frequency tones stimulate the basal turn of the cochlea at relatively low sensation levels. This makes assessment of the apical portion of the cochlea very difficult, even with the midbrain "frequency-following response" (FFR).

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Speech audiometry and fitting of hearing aids in noise.

Conventional speech audiometry, performed in a noise-free testing room, often gives only little information on the patient's impairment of speech perception in daily life. A sensitized form of free-field speech audiometry is suggested which simulates everyday speech perception and, at the same time, supplies comparable and reproducible results. The test material consists of phonetically balanced sentences. From separate loudspeakers, a standardized environmental noise with a constant sound pressure level, 50 dB(A) is admixed. By this technique, certain handicaps in speech perception, undetected by conventional test procedures, can be revealed. Above all, the results are in good accordance with the subjective assessment of disability. A standardization of 'handicap speech audiometry' based on these principles is therefore suggested. The comparative hearing-aid fitting in noise improves the final selection with special regard to practical use.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

Tinnitus with normal hearing sensitivity: extended high-frequency audiometry and auditory-nerve brain-stem-evoked responses.

Extended high-frequency (HF) audiometry and auditory-nerve brain-stem-evoked responses (ABR) were carried out on two groups of subjects with normal hearing sensitivity. The experimental group comprised 17 subjects with tinnitus, while the control group consisted of age- and sex-matched subjects, not suffering from tinnitus. The aim of the study was to determine whether extended HF audiometry or ABR might reveal significant differences between these two groups of subjects with normal hearing sensitivity. In addition, the characteristics of tinnitus in subjects with normal audiograms were discussed. The results of extended HF audiometry showed no significant differences between the subjects with and without tinnitus. The ABR parameters considered were also within normal limits bilaterally. Based on the methods employed in this study, tinnitus in normal listeners does not appear to reflect appreciable damage in the cochlea or in the brain-stem auditory pathways. The authors present some suggestions for future research.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

High-frequency air-conduction and electric bone-conduction audiometry. Age and sex variations.

208 subjects representing both sexes and five age groups (15-70 years) were examined to obtain age-related threshold values for high-frequency (HF) electric bone-conduction (EBC) audiometry. The measurements also included conventional pure-tone audiometry and air-conduction (AC) HF (8-18 kHz) audiometry. The measured EBC thresholds were comparable to the values obtained with AC audiometers, and were equal to ISO standards at the frequencies of 0.5-6 kHz. The 15- and 20-year-old groups' EBC thresholds at 8 kHz were equivalent to thresholds of 15-year-old people from a cross-sectional material in Northern Finland. Thresholds deteriorated as a function of age, particularly in the HF range. The males had poorer thresholds than the females, especially in the age groups of 40 and 60 years. This could be attributed mainly to their greater noise exposure. The EBC method is quite practical and reliable for routine clinical measurements, but the dynamic range of the audiometer limits its use to relatively young subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Carhart notch and electric bone-conduction audiometry.

The Carhart notch is a depression in the bone-conduction audiogram of patients with clinical otosclerosis. The middle frequencies from 0.5 to 2 kHz, which correspond to the resonance frequency of the middle ear, can be substantially improved following successful stapes surgery. Twenty-nine consecutive patients with clinical otosclerosis were tested 2 weeks before and 7 months after stapes surgery with conventional air-conduction (AC) and bone-conduction (BC) audiometry and electric bone-conduction (EBC) audiometry using an Audimax 500 audiometer. The BC thresholds improved at 0.5-2.0 kHz corresponding to the Carhart notch. On average, the EBC thresholds remained more stable, showing no Carhart phenomenon, which supports the concept that EBC stimulation is not entirely equivalent to conventional BC audiometry, but has a different mode of action on the inner ear.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Development of school screening audiometry.

It is now 50 years since serious attempts have been made to detect hearing impairment in school children, first by using the "Fading numbers gramophone audiometer" (in 1930-31) and later (in 1954) by the "Pure tone, sweep frequency, audiometric tests". There is good evidence to show (based to experience from this and many other countries) that by a properly organized screening programme, on the average, 6% of school children will be discovered to have significant hearing impairment and that without screening most of these will not be developed in this country unevenly and there are still many places where it is not practised properly or not at all. One of the reasons for this is the serious lack of understanding of the importance of screening by the authorities and, until recently, almost a complete lack of guidance by the Department of Health and Social Security. It is recommended also that systematic school-leaving audiometry should be introduced. The preventive and epidemiological significance of school leaving audiometry is stressed. Its potential importance in relation to industrial audiology is discussed. Impedance measurements are important but tests of middle-ear function should not be used as screening tests of hearing. First of all they are far too sensitive as a screening device and also it may lead to non-detection of many specific but significant sensorineural hearing losses (which are more frequent in children than generally assumed). However, it is hoped that eventually all children discovered to have a hearing loss, as a result of screening audiometry, will have a full test of middle-ear function. The two tests are complementary and not mutually exclusive.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed2003

Temporary threshold shift in military pilots measured using conventional and extended high-frequency audiometry after one flight.

Noise of such a high level that it can result in hearing deterioration is an inherent characteristic of military flying. Susceptibility to hearing impairment was studied using 51 Finnish Air Force military personnel as subjects. The test persons flew missions on a British Aerospace Hawk 51 advanced jet trainer, Boeing F-18 Hornet, Mikoyan & Gurevich MiG-21bis and Saab 35 Draken interceptors, and a Valmet Redigo turboprop liaison aircraft. The duration of noise exposure was one flight mission, which varied from 30 to 60 min. Noise doses and levels were measured using a miniature microphone at the inlet of the ear canal, while a second microphone was located at the level of the subject's shoulder. Hearing thresholds were measured before each flight using conventional (0.125-8 kHz) and extended high-frequency (EHF) (8.20 kHz) audiometry. The measurements were repeated as soon as possible after the flight. The study showed that the pre-flight threshold levels of the subjects were good. Both conventional and EHF audiometry revealed statistically significant temporary threshold shifts (TTS) at several frequencies and with all aircraft types involved. The changes were, however, minor. The risk of noise-induced hearing impairment at the studied exposure levels is, in all probability, rather small. The role of extended high-frequency audiometry would be in research, and it might be performed for flying personnel upon entering service and every fifth year thereafter.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Objective audiometry in diagnosis of tinnitus].

During last 3 years there have been 900 tinnitus patients treated at ENT Rehabilitation Center in Poznan. Everyone underwent a thorough laryngological and audiological examination. Diagnostic procedure comprised also neurological and endocrinological consultations with accessory blood tests. Wide group of audiological tests used for diagnosis was divided into objective (BERA, OAE, tympanometry, stapedius reflex) and subjective (pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, suprathreshold audiometry) methods. Otological diagnostic in tinnitus patients is difficult due to its subjective character. That is why it is so important to have objective methods for its evaluation. In this paper authors present results of BERA tests and impedance conducted on group of 900 patients. Performed objective tests enabled to diagnose otosclerosis, chronic otitis media and pathology in cerebello-pontine angle in patients without any abnormalities on physical examination.

Audiometry↗
PubMed2002

[Utility and limitations of speech audiometry testing in the detection of occupational noise-induced hearing loss: a comparative study in two groups in the hospital setting].

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is the evaluation of the calculation of 100% intelligibility threshold and noise resistance index as a monitoring test in populations exposed to noise in their work environment. METHOD: This is a retrospective exposed-unexposed study as the exposure to the risk factors took place before the survey. The exposed subjects were chosen in principle on sonometric criteria and the unexposed subjects among employees whom we believe were not exposed. The exploration method included history taking, clinical examination, free field audiometry and speech audiometry with background noise. RESULTS: The exposed population has a 100% intelligibility threshold on average equal to 29.69 dB, significantly higher than in the unexposed population where it is calculated at 25.30 dB (p = 0.07). The noise resistance index varies with age (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Our study shows the existence of a significant hearing difference between two populations with different noise exposure. It demonstrates a relationship between a hearing loss risk factor such as noise and the occurrence of the "professional hearing loss" disorder. The calculation of the 100% intelligibility index and the noise resistance index advantageously complements tonal audiometry. These procedures provide a better approach to the social impact of hearing loss but were not useful in the detection of hearing loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Predictive value of high frequency audiometry in otosclerosis].

A study was carried out to evaluate the value of high-frequency audiometry in stapes surgery in cases of otosclerosis. The hearing function was measured pre- and postoperatively by means of conventional and high-frequency audiometry (Demlar 20k). The operative findings of the gradation of otosclerosis were compared with the pre and postoperative audiometrical measurements. The results of this study point out that a clear relation exists between the preoperative high tone audiogram and the gradation of otosclerosis. In conclusion, we state that high-frequency audiometry can predict the state of stapes fixation in otosclerosis and that can be important in stapes surgery.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1977

[The reliability of audiometry based on conscious orientation of the hearing impaired child (author's transl)].

The authors present the audiometric procedure for hearing impaired children, which has been developed and performed routinely for some years by the Department of Audiology in the ENT-Clinic of the Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena. Problems of children's audiometry are discussed. The procedure developed, is based on the children's conscious orientation to the source of sound which can regularly be registered especially in children of the age from 5 or 6 months to 3 or 4 years. The threshold provoking orientation is 45 to 50 dB (absolute). The results gained by the method described are compaired with those which were obtained 4 to 9 years later in 41 subjects suffering from heredodegenerative hearing loss. A coefficient of correlation r = 0.77 was found, indication a very near correlation of results for both procedures. When compaired to ERA, the test presented is simple to perform and is though to be very valuable for praxis. The orientation audiometry is more exact than the test of subjective audiometry and various procedures based on acoustical reflexes, too.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Hearing damage caused by workplace noise among patients given audiometry tests in general practice].

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to identify the prevalence of hearing damage caused by workplace noise among patients presenting hearing loss and among those given audiometry tests at primary health care centres in the Management Area no. 5 Costa del Ponent. DESIGN: The study is descriptive and synchronic. LOCATION: The study was carried out at primary health care level, at the audiometry test services in the Management Area no. 5 Costa del Ponent. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: 2,366 audiometry tests were carried out over a period of three months. A study was performed of 1,152 patients presenting the conditions necessary for inclusion in the study: age over 16 years and presenting a hearing loss greater than 30 dB over any frequencies. All the participants were given a questionnaire investigating the risk factors involved in their hearing difficulty, in particular those relating to the workplace. FIGURES AND PRINCIPAL RESULTS: 269 (23.4%) of those in the study present hearing curves compatible with hearing loss due to noise. 501 participants declared themselves to be subject to work' place noise, and of those 247 (49.3%) present hearing curves compatible with hearing loss due to noise. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study suggests that the health system should pay attention to workplace pathology and points out the need to develop action programmes which may permit an adequate response to the problem: specific systems should be established for detection of and information about workplace diseases, together with sufficient support at different levels of attendance to make such systems effective; training programmes should be set up for health workers in the area of workplace health for health workers.

Audiometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Relations between pure-tone audiometry and cortical evoked auditory potentials].

Slow vertex response (SVR) audiometry is presently one of the methods of choice in objective auditory threshold assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate, as objectively possible, the relationship existing between the thresholds of SVR and or pure tone audiometry (PTA). The study was carried out on twenty subjects with hearing losses of various degrees and types. While mean differences between SVR and PTA thresholds ranged between 6 to 13 dB, in some cases values over 30 dB were found. No statistically significant intra- and interindividual discrepancies were found, even though in some cases the thresholds were given different in evaluations by different examiners. No statistically significant difference in SVR versus PTA thresholds was found in patients with sensory-neural and conductive hearing loss, while in subjects with normal hearing the difference between the thresholds was greater. Our results suggest that SVR is a reliable technique in objective threshold evaluation but that in single cases its threshold cannot be directly compared to that of pure tone audiometry.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1991

[Follow-up studies and prognostic references for pre- and post-therapy pure tone audiometry and acoustically evoked potentials in sudden deafness].

In 95 patients with unilateral sudden deafness, pure-tone and speech audiometry was performed before, during and after drug therapy. Auditory brain-stem evoked responses (ABR) were recorded in all cases. Stapedial reflex audiometry and SiSi tests were also performed. The tone-audiometry thresholds for the frequencies 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 6000 Hz were analysed, and likewise the ABR latencies for waves I to V and the I-III, III-V and I-V interpeak latencies. 57 patients showed a flat hearing loss before therapy, 31 patients a high tone loss and 7 patients a hearing loss for low frequencies. Recruitment was positive in 77%. After therapy 81% of the patients showed increased pure-tone thresholds of more than 20 dB. In 11 patients ABR showed signs for retrocochlear hearing loss; in 6 patients initially no waves could be reproduced. The tendency for remission was best in patients with flat hearing loss of less than 40 dB and normal or only moderate alterations of the ABR. In patients with severe hearing loss of greater than 40 dB and signs for retrocochlear lesions in ABR, the tendency of remission was worse. In these cases recruitment was mainly negative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Electrophysiologic studies of hearing: current methods in clinical and occupational audiology. I. Brain stem evoked response audiometry (ABR)].

Electrophysiological methods of auditory assessment called evoked responses are an exciting new development with broad implications in the fields of otology, audiology and neurology. At the present time they are the best objective non-invasive audiometric tests (versus subjective psychoacoustic examinations) for predicting hearing thresholds in infants and uncooperative patients. Basic concepts of electric response audiometry, most important auditory evoked potentials, their probable sites of generation and classification according to latency i.e. elapsed time between stimulus and response are reviewed. Instrumentation, procedure and technical considerations in recording the brain-stem evoked response audiometry (ABR), the most popular recent method for evoked potentials testing are described. Special attention is focused on measurement, identification and interpretation of brainstem responses and their major clinical uses, namely threshold testing of infants, young children and malingerers, diagnosis of acoustic tumors and neurological evaluation of brainstem lesions. Finally, the first own experience with a new employed in our laboratory the evoked potentials system Amplaid MK 10 for clinical testing of auditory pathways are presented and illustrated by some examples of application of brainstem audiometry in diagnosis of occupational noise-induced hearing loss.

Adult↗