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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Fractures of the humerus in arm wrestlers.

In 7 cases of fracture of the humerus occurring in arm wrestlers, each patient sustained a simple spiral fracture of the distal third of the humerus. No patient had any neural or vascular compromise. Three patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with 2 screws, at which time, muscle was found to be interposed between the fracture fragments. The other 4 patients were treated in hanging arm casts. All of the fractures united. Of the 41 cases of this injury reported in English medical literature there were 5 patients with radial nerve palsy and 16 patients who had had operative treatment of the injury. Because of the possibility of participants sustaining such an injury, arm wrestling should not be considered a totally benign sport.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Risk factors for shoulder and elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers.

BACKGROUND: There is little evidence supporting current safety recommendations for adolescent pitchers. HYPOTHESIS: Pitching practices of adolescent pitchers without history of arm injury will be significantly different from those of adolescent pitchers who required shoulder or elbow surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Ninety-five adolescent pitchers who had shoulder or elbow surgery and 45 adolescent pitchers who never had a significant pitching-related injury completed a survey. Responses were compared between the 2 groups using t tests and chi(2) analyses. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to identify the risk factors. RESULTS: The injured group pitched significantly more months per year, games per year, innings per game, pitches per game, pitches per year, and warm-up pitches before a game. These pitchers were more frequently starting pitchers, pitched in more showcases, pitched with higher velocity, and pitched more often with arm pain and fatigue. They also used anti-inflammatory drugs and ice more frequently to prevent an injury. Although the groups were age matched, the injured group was taller and heavier. There were no significant differences regarding private pitching instruction, coach's chief concern, pitcher's self-rating, exercise programs, stretching practices, relieving frequency, pitch type frequency, or age at which pitch types were first thrown. CONCLUSION: Pitching practices were significantly different between the groups. The factors with the strongest associations with injury were overuse and fatigue. High pitch velocity and participation in showcases were also associated with increased risk for injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: New recommendations were made based on these results. Adherence to the recommendations may reduce the incidence of significant injury to adolescent pitchers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Baseball/lacrosse injuries.

With the expansion of baseball into all age groups, the game is becoming as much a recreational sport as a youth sport. Throwing arm injuries eventually limit the participation of most players. Analysis is made of these injuries with the goal of complete rehabilitation for the baseball player. Lacrosse has also seen an increase in popularity as a recreational sport. Analysis of lacrosse injuries and rehabilitation of the most common injuries is reviewed.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2006

Pediatric martial arts injuries presenting to Emergency Departments, United States 1990-2003.

Although an estimated 6.5 million United States (US) children aged 6-17 practiced a martial art in 2004, there have been no nationally representative studies comparing pediatric injuries among the three most popular disciplines, karate, taekwondo, and judo. Describe pediatric martial arts injuries presenting to a representative sample of US Emergency Departments (EDs) from 1990 to 2003. We reviewed all martial arts injuries captured by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC), National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). An estimated 128,400 children </=17 years were treated in US EDs for martial arts-related injuries from 1990 to 2003. Injured tended to be male (73.0%) and had a mean age of 12.1 years. Most injuries were attributed to karate (79.5%). The most common mechanism of injury was being kicked (25.6%), followed by falling (20.6%) and kicking (18.0%). The majority of injuries occurred to the lower leg/foot/ankle (30.1%) and hand/wrist (24.5%). The most common injury diagnoses were sprains/strains (29.3%), contusions/abrasions (27.8%), and fractures (24.6%). Participants in judo sustained significantly higher proportions of shoulder/upper arm injuries than karate (IPR=4.31, 95% CI: 2.84-6.55) or taekwondo (IPR=9.75, 95% CI: 3.53-26.91) participants. There were also higher proportions of neck injuries sustained by judo participants compared to karate (IPR=4.73, 95% CI: 1.91-11.70) or taekwondo (IPR=4.17, 95% CI: 1.02-17.06) participants. Pediatric martial arts injuries differ by discipline. Understanding these injury patterns can assist with the development of discipline-specific preventive interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of small arms on health in Nigeria.

Nigeria, the most populous Black country in the world, though it has contributed to the welfare of other African countries, is plagued by internal conflicts with small arms. Over a million illegal small arms circulate in Nigeria in the hands of militant groups. Over 10,000 may have died in conflicts between these groups and the government. Quality health care is unavailable in much of the country, and small arms injuries often overstretch emergency health care. A national committee has been set up to implement the ECOWAS moratorium on small arms and light weapons, but much remains to be done.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed2003

Acromioclavicular injuries in the throwing athlete.

Acromioclavicular injuries in the overhead or throwing athlete are frequently encountered by team physicians. Treatment regimens vary greatly, depending on dominant versus nondominant arm, injury in-season or out-of-season, and the athlete's goals for future seasons. This article focuses on each of these unique issues with regards to acromioclavicular separations and fractures, acromioclavicular arthritis, and acromioclavicular osteolysis.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed1998

[Surgical tactics in firearm wounds of abdomen].

Determination of sound surgical tactics in all diversity of clinical manifestations of fire-arm injuries of the abdomen, especially in conditions mass evacuation of the wounded is one of the most complicated problems of war-field surgery. On the basis of the experience in treatment of 343 patients with fire-arm wounds of the abdomen the authors have developed an algorythm of surgical tactics in such kind of injuries which ensures adequate surgical aid to all wounded.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of massage on delayed-onset muscle soreness, swelling, and recovery of muscle function.

CONTEXT: Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) describes muscle pain and tenderness that typically develop several hours postexercise and consist of predominantly eccentric muscle actions, especially if the exercise is unfamiliar. Although DOMS is likely a symptom of eccentric-exercise-induced muscle damage, it does not necessarily reflect muscle damage. Some prophylactic or therapeutic modalities may be effective only for alleviating DOMS, whereas others may enhance recovery of muscle function without affecting DOMS. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that massage applied after eccentric exercise would effectively alleviate DOMS without affecting muscle function. DESIGN: We used an arm-to-arm comparison model with 2 independent variables (control and massage) and 6 dependent variables (maximal isometric and isokinetic voluntary strength, range of motion, upper arm circumference, plasma creatine kinase activity, and muscle soreness). A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and paired t tests were used to examine differences in changes of the dependent variable over time (before, immediately and 30 minutes after exercise, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days postexercise) between control and massage conditions. SETTING: University laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Ten healthy subjects (5 men and 5 women) with no history of upper arm injury and no experience in resistance training. INTERVENTION(S): Subjects performed 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic (90 degrees x s(-1)) eccentric actions of the elbow flexors with each arm on a dynamometer, separated by 2 weeks. One arm received 10 minutes of massage 3 hours after eccentric exercise; the contralateral arm received no treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Maximal voluntary isometric and isokinetic elbow flexor strength, range of motion, upper arm circumference, plasma creatine kinase activity, and muscle soreness. RESULTS: Delayed-onset muscle soreness was significantly less for the massage condition for peak soreness in extending the elbow joint and palpating the brachioradialis muscle (P < .05). Soreness while flexing the elbow joint (P = .07) and palpating the brachialis muscle (P = .06) was also less with massage. Massage treatment had significant effects on plasma creatine kinase activity, with a significantly lower peak value at 4 days postexercise (P < .05), and upper arm circumference, with a significantly smaller increase than the control at 3 and 4 days postexercise (P < .05). However, no significant effects of massage on recovery of muscle strength and ROM were evident. CONCLUSIONS: Massage was effective in alleviating DOMS by approximately 30% and reducing swelling, but it had no effects on muscle function.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Radial head subluxation: comparing two methods of reduction.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether reduction of radial head subluxation (RHS) is more successful using pronation and flexion (PF) vs the more widely used supination and flexion (SF) method. METHODS: Prospective study in a tertiary care children's hospital ED from August 1996 through December 1997. Inclusion criteria included age <7 years with an upper-extremity injury. Exclusion criteria included neurologic impairment, congenital malformation, or obvious bony deformity or edema. Patients were randomized to receive either PF or SF. Reduction was considered successful if the child used the injured arm. Both the physician and the parent rated the child's pain during the procedure using a descriptive ordinal scale, from 0 (no pain) to 3 (severe pain). RESULTS: 148 patients were enrolled; 13 were excluded. Success was achieved on the first attempt in 53/67 (80%, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.88) of patients receiving PF and in 47/68 (69%, 95% CI = 0.57 to 0.80) of those receiving SF (p = 0.186). For those injuring the left arm, 29/41 (71%, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.84) were successfully reduced using SF, while 33/37 (89%, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.97) were successfully reduced using PF (p = 0.044). Physicians perceived PF to be less painful than SF (p = 0.013). There was no significant pain score difference rated by parents. CONCLUSIONS: Both PF and SF can be used with success to reduce RHS. For left arm injuries, PF should be attempted first, since it may decrease the need for further treatment. PF may be less painful, particularly for first reduction attempts.

Arthralgia↗
PubMed2003

Science and the major racket sports: a review.

The major racket sports include badminton, squash, table tennis and tennis. The growth of sports science and the commercialization of racket sports in recent years have focused attention on improved performance and this has led to a more detailed study and understanding of all aspects of racket sports. The aim here, therefore, is to review recent developments of the application of science to racket sports. The scientific disciplines of sports physiology and nutrition, notational analysis, sports biomechanics, sports medicine, sports engineering, sports psychology and motor skills are briefly considered in turn. It is evident from these reviews that a great deal of scientific endeavour has been applied to racket sports, but this is variable across both the racket sports and the scientific disciplines. A scientific approach has helped to: implement training programmes to improve players' fitness; guide players in nutritional and psychological preparation for play; inform players of the strategy and tactics used by themselves and their opponents; provide insight into the technical performance of skills; understand the effect of equipment on play; and accelerate the recovery from racket-arm injuries. Racket sports have also posed a unique challenge to scientists and have provided vehicles for developing scientific methodology. Racket sports provide a good model for investigating the interplay between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and the effect of nutrition, heat and fatigue on performance. They have driven the development of mathematical solutions for multi-segment interactions within the racket arm during the performance of shots, which have contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms of both performance and injury. They have provided a unique challenge to sports engineers in relation to equipment performance and interaction with the player. Racket sports have encouraged developments in notational analysis both in terms of analytical procedures and the conceptualization of strategy and tactics. Racket sports have provided a vehicle for investigating fast interceptive actions, hand-eye coordination and perception-action coupling in the field of motor control. In conclusion, science has contributed considerably to our knowledge and understanding of racket sports, and racket sports have contributed to science by providing unique challenges to researchers.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2001

Left-handedness as a risk factor for head injuries.

OBJECTIVE: To study prevalence of left-handedness among traumatic patients with head injuries. DESIGN: A case-control study. SETTING: Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. SUBJECTS: One hundred and sixty three traumatic patients newly admitted to a surgical ward at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre during one month period with exception of patients with arm injury, severe injury and confused patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maximal grip strength of both hands, questionnaire on hand preferred for eight habitual activities. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of left-handers determined on the basis of bilateral asymmetry in maximal grip strength was non-significantly higher in traumatic than in the control group. Relative to the control group, lefties were over-represented among victims of head injury, while prevalence of left-handers among patients with leg and trunk injuries and among controls was similar. Left-handed patients were more likely to sustain head traumas during fighting, road transport accidents and sport activities. Possible reasons for increased level of traumatisation among sinistrals are discussed. CONCLUSION: Left-handedness is a risk factor for head injuries obtained during confrontational activities. Therefore, left handers should avoid such type of behaviour in order to reduce traumatisation rate.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1989

Penetrating chest trauma: a review of 150 cases.

Penetrating injuries of the chest with emphasis on the policy of selective management in 150 cases, 145 males and 5 females, with age ranging from 5-60 years were reviewed. Chest pain and breathlessness were the commonest presenting features. Haemorrhagic shock and haemoptysis were noted in 30% and 20% cases respectively. Fire arms injury was the leading cause of chest trauma, being present in 80 (53.33%) cases. Except for 6 (3 cases had superficial stab wounds and 3 died on way to operation theatre), all patients (144) needed surgical intervention (tube thoracostomy drainage in 110 and major operation in 34 patients). There were 7 deaths in this study; massive haemorrhage was the cause of death in 4 and septic shock in 3 cases. An overall success rate of 95.34% was observed in this series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Dog bites in children less than fourteen years old in Turin.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of injuries caused by dog bites treated in the emergency department of OIRM from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2000. METHODS: Data on dog's attacks were obtained from declaration forms filled in the emergency department. RESULTS: 253 children were observed: 145 boys and 118 girls. The mean age was 6.4 years. The peak incidence was in children aged 3 to 8 years old. Fifty-six children (22.31%) required admission to the hospital. Thirty-five were younger than 5 years. Injuries to the face (29.48%), hands (14.55%), legs (9.33%) were more common. The prognosis was 5 (18.97%), 7 (21.74%) and 10 (16.6%) days. Twenty-five children had prognosis over fifteen days (9.88%). Children aged 5 or younger presented most face and hand lesions while children aged 6 to 14 years had most hand, legs and arms injuries. Tetanus and rabies prophylaxis were administered only in 4 and 2 cases respectively, while immunoglobulin anti tetanus were administered in 5 children. The great number of attacks occurred during the summer months, with a peak in June and July. CONCLUSIONS: More attention should be paid to the prevention of dog bites. Pediatricians should advice parents about the risks of interactions with dogs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Arm ability training for stroke and traumatic brain injury patients with mild arm paresis: a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the efficacy of the arm ability training (AAT) on a sample of patients with central arm paresis after traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke. DESIGN: Single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation center. PATIENTS: Consecutive sample of 74 patients of whom 60 (45 with stroke, 15 with TBI) completed the study; 37 patients received a 1-year follow-up. INTERVENTION: Daily AAT with (n = 20) or without (n = 20) knowledge of results, or no AAT (n = 20) during a 3-week intervention period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Summary time scores of the Test Evaluant les Membres superieurs des Personnes Agees (TEMPA)-a test of upper extremity function with daily function-like activities (focal disability)-and kinematic analysis of aimed movements. RESULTS: Patients with AAT realized superior improvement as compared with controls. Mean improvement in the time needed to perform (1) all TEMPA tasks was 41.4 versus 12.8 seconds (p =.0012); (2) unilateral TEMPA tasks, 16.5 versus 4.2 seconds (p =.0036); and (3) the ballistic component of aimed movements, 96 versus 20ms (p =.0115). Knowledge of result did not substantially modify these effects. A functional benefit existed at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The AAT reduces focal disability among stroke and TBI patients with mild central arm paresis.

Activities of Daily Living↗