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PubMed2004

Identification of cytoskeletal [14C]carboplatin-binding proteins reveals reduced expression and disorganization of actin and filamin in cisplatin-resistant cell lines.

Cisplatin resistant (CP-r) cells often show decreased uptake of cisplatin in association with reduced cell surface proteins and decreased endocytosis. In this report, two major [14C]carboplatin-binding proteins were identified as filamin and actin by photoaffinity labeling and mass spectrometry. Decreased expression of these two proteins was found in two different human CP-r cell lines (KB-CP20 and 7404-CP20), in comparison with their parental cell lines (KB-3-1 and BEL-7404), respectively. Disorganization of beta-actin and filamin 250 and 90 was also detected in these CP-r cells by confocal microscopy. Transfection of a wild-type actin-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression vector into 7404-CP20 cells resulted in a nonfilamentous actin-EGFP distribution compared with a normal distribution in the cisplatin-sensitive BEL-7404 cells, suggesting that cytoskeletal organization is disturbed in the CP-r cells. The identification of actin and filamin as [14C]carboplatin-binding proteins and decreased expression and disorganization of several cytoskeletal proteins in CP-r cells provide a molecular and cellular basis for the known defect in endocytosis in these cells.

Actins↗

PubMed1999

The net repressor is regulated by nuclear export in response to anisomycin, UV, and heat shock.

The ternary complex factors (TCFs) are targets for Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. They integrate the transcriptional response at the level of serum response elements in early-response genes, such as the c-fos proto-oncogene. An important aim is to understand the individual roles played by the three TCFs, Net, Elk1, and Sap1a. Net, in contrast to Elk1 and Sap1a, is a strong repressor of transcription. We now show that Net is regulated by nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling in response to specific signalling pathways. Net is mainly nuclear under both normal and basal serum conditions. Net contains two nuclear localization signals (NLSs); one is located in the Ets domain, and the other corresponds to the D box. Net also has a nuclear export signal (NES) in the conserved Ets DNA binding domain. Net is apparently unique among Ets proteins in that a particular leucine in helix 1, a structural element, generates a NES. Anisomycin, UV, and heat shock induce active nuclear exclusion of Net through a pathway that involves c-Jun N-terminal kinase kinase and is inhibited by leptomycin B. Nuclear exclusion relieves transcriptional repression by Net. The specific induction of nuclear exclusion of Net by particular signalling pathways shows that nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of transcription factors can add to the specificity of the response to signalling cascades.

Amino Acid Motifs↗

PubMed1986

Anisomycin does not disrupt the activation of penile reflexes by testosterone in rats.

A possible role of protein synthetic processes in the testosterone-activation of penile reflexes in rats was examined in these experiments. In Experiment 1, long-term castrated male rats were injected with 250 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP) and tested for penile reflexes 24 hr later. Fifteen minutes prior to TP these males received a systemic injection of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin (ANI) or the saline vehicle. ANI had no disruptive effect on the activation of penile reflexes by TP; in fact, ANI facilitated erection frequency. In Experiments 2 and 3, a series of three ANI or saline injections were given at 2 hr intervals beginning with the injection of 250 micrograms TP, with no significant effect on any reflex parameters tested 12 or 24 hr after TP. In Experiment 4, the penile reflexes of male rats were stimulated by implanting a Silastic capsule containing testosterone subcutaneously for 2 weeks. A series of ANI or saline injections were spaced 3 hr apart, with penile reflexes tested 6 and 12 hr after the first injection. There were no significant differences between ANI and saline-treated males at 6 hr, whereas at 12 hr ANI-treated males had significantly shorter reflex latencies and significantly more penile flips than did males injected with saline. In a final experiment (Experiment 5), the Silastic capsules were removed from the males in the previous experiment. Three injections of ANI or saline were given at 4 hr intervals beginning with the removal of the Silastic capsule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1994

A mitogen- and anisomycin-stimulated kinase phosphorylates HMG-14 in its basic amino-terminal domain in vivo and on isolated mononucleosomes.

The rapid, transient induction of 80-100 immediate-early (IE) genes upon mitogenic stimulation occurs irrespective of protein synthesis and is mediated by modification of existing proteins. Two mechanisms, not mutually exclusive, involving modification either of sequence-specific transcription factors or of structural chromatin proteins primed by pre-association with responsive effectors are conceivable. Here, we show that upon IE gene induction, the non-histone high-mobility-group protein HMG-14, but not the related protein HMG-17, becomes serine phosphorylated in its basic, amino-terminal region close to where it binds nucleosomal DNA. Phosphorylation, normally transient, occurs independent of transcription and is quantitative and prolonged during superinduction. Brief micrococcal nuclease digestion substantially releases HMG-14 from nuclei in the mononucleosome-bound state. Finally, mononucleosomes prepared from mitogen-stimulated, but not control, cells contain a mitogen-activated kinase that phosphorylates HMG-14 in vitro on the same site(s) as in intact cells. The association of HMG-14 and its mitogen-activated kinase with nuclease-sensitive mononucleosomes has implications for models of mitogen-stimulated IE gene induction.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1977