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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Clinical effectiveness of mechanical-chemical tissue displacement methods.

The following conclusions were made after statistical analysis. There was no significant difference between racemic epinephrine cord and aluminum sulfate cord. Both racemic epinephrine cord and aluminum sulfate cord were more effective than nonmedicated cord. There was no difference between dry cord and water-saturated cord. Hemorrhage control with a cord saturated in Hemodent was more effective than water-saturated or dry cords. The racemic epinephrine cord was not superior to the aluminum sulfate cord, so the dentist could eliminate a cord with potential systemic effects and substitute the more innocuous cord. Hemodent approximately doubled the hemostasis success of any cord used in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Biometric comparison of bur and electrosurgical retraction methods.

A biometric comparison of two retraction methods was made on 20 adult patients who received complete crowns. Free gingival tissue height was recorded after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The conclusions were (1) the electrosurgical method showed more tissue loss at each time interval than the bur method, (2) electrosurgical retraction showed more subject variability than the bur method, (3) clinically, the tissue appearance of both groups was indiscernable at the time intervals tested, and (4) the electrosurgical method provided for a greater bulk of impression material at the margin than the bur method.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Review and survey of medicaments used with gingival retraction cords.

Data from a survey of 495 dentists indicate that most dentists used the mechanical-chemical method of gingival-deflection; 79.39% of those used cord containing epinephrine. It can be concluded that potentially significant amounts of epinephrine can be absorbed systemically from the local anesthetic solution, that secretion of endogenous epinephrine in response to stress occurs, often at levels sufficient to cause measurable changes in hemodynamic variables, and that absorption of epinephrine from impregnated strings occurs. The amount of absorption will vary with the exposure of the vascular bed, the length and concentration of the impregnated cord, and the length of time of application. It is possible that the actual total amount of circulating catecholamine would be cumulative, and the corresponding cardiovascular response would be related to the total amount of epinephrine in the bloodstream, regardless of the source. When the fact that we usually have inadequate data on the cardiovascular status of our patients is considered, as well as the tendency to make impressions of multiple prepared teeth, the continued use of epinephrine cord in dentistry must be viewed with alarm. Equally effective astringent gingival deflection agents such as alum, aluminum sulfate, and aluminum chloride exert no systemic effects. Therefore, there is little indication for use of epinephrine-containing retraction cords. Adequate medical evaluation, careful use of anesthetics that contain epinephrine, and sedative techniques when indicated will assure the safety of our patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Review of the pH of hemostatic agents used in tissue displacement.

Newer hemostatic agents such as the tetrahydrozolines and oxymetazolines have a more acceptable pH and should be kinder to tooth structure and soft tissue than the conventional solutions. Although additional study is needed, it would seem prudent to be cautious in using low pH hemostatic agents and avoid the exposure to sensitive intraoral tissues-particularly delicate tissues--or tooth preparation close to the dental pulp.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1981

Effect of calcium phosphate and alumina C gamma gels on the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of dimethylnitrosamine as studied in the CHO/HGPRT system.

When CaCl2 was added in increasing concentrations to a rat liver metabolic activation system (S9) buffered with sodium phosphate, the mutagenic activity and cytotoxicity of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in the Chinese hamster ovary cell/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (CHO/HGPRT) system were greatly increased. This effect was not observed with an S9 mix buffered with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES). The calcium phosphate gel precipitate of the S9 mix possessed approximately 1/3 of the total activity of the mix, while the supernatant had only slight activity. However, when the calcium phosphate gel precipitate of a solution of S9 salts (without S9 protein) was added to the supernatant, the remaining 2/3 of the activity was recovered. Commercially obtained calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, and alumina C gamma gels could substitute for CaCl2 in the S9 mix, but diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE cellulose) could not. Alumina C gamma gel can exert its effect in the absence of both CaCl2 and phosphate in the S9 mix. Increasing the time of contact between the S9 protein and the S9 salts increased the efficacy with which the S9 mix activated DMN; this is indicative of an adsorptive process by calcium phosphate gel.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1984

Plasma catecholamine and hemodynamic responses to the placement of epinephrine-impregnated gingival retraction cord.

A double-blind randomized crossover study was conducted to measure the changes in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure product, and plasma catecholamine levels for 60 minutes after the placement of racemic (r) epinephrine- or alum-impregnated retraction cords in intact gingival sulci of nine healthy volunteers. The r-epinephrine-impregnated cord produced significant (p less than 0.01) increases in plasma epinephrine concentrations after 60 minutes, but there were no epinephrine-induced hemodynamic changes. According to these findings, r-epinephrine-impregnated gingival retraction cord placed in an intact, nonlacerated gingival sulcus in a healthy young adult should produce no significant hemodynamic response. It is not known how the placement of epinephrine-impregnated retraction cord would affect elderly or medically compromised patients or patients with lacerated or periodontally involved gingivae.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Liver, kidney, and central nervous system toxicity of aluminum given intraperitoneally to rats: a multiple-dose subchronic study using aluminum nitrilotriacetate.

In the first test, aluminum nitrilotriacetate (Al-NTA), aluminum chloride, aluminum potassium sulfate, or saline was injected ip, employing male Wistar rats. Each group consisted of ten rats. Al was given in a dose of 5 mg Al/kg body wt/day, for 14 days. Only those rats given Al-NTA showed morphological damage of the liver and kidney. Damages included diffuse midzonal coagulation necrosis of hepatocytes and acute proximal tubular necrosis of the kidney at Day 4. Seven of ten rats given Al-NTA died within 5 days. The second test was performed in metabolic cages. Al-NTA, in a dose of 1.5 to 2.0 mg Al/kg body wt/day, and NTA, of an equivalent dose, were injected ip for 54 days. Midzonal coagulation necrosis and some regenerative changes were observed in the hepatic parenchyma at Day 8. At the end of the study, complete regeneration occurred in the liver. Biochemical tests at Days 6, 13, and 28 showed high amounts of GOT, GPT, LDH, gamma-GTP, and ALP. Necrosis of proximal tubular cells of the kidney and some regeneration was noted at Day 8. Metabolic acidosis was demonstrated at Days 6, 13, and 28. Moreover, from Day 38 on, atrophy of the nerve cells of the cerebrum and demyelination of the brain stem were observed. Control rats given NTA did not exhibit any organ damage. It is concluded that a relatively small dose of Al can produce toxicosis when given with certain metal chelators.

Acetates↗
PubMed1985

Mutagenic activity in humic water and alum flocculated humic water treated with alternative disinfectants.

Mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 100, TA 98 and TA 97 has been determined for humic water and alum flocculated humic water, treated with the alternative disinfectants chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, ozone/chlorine and chlorine/chlorine dioxide. The most pronounced activity was found for chlorine treated water tested on strain TA 100 without metabolic activation (S9 mix). Ozone treatment prior to chlorination did not alter the activity, while treatment with chlorine in combination with chlorine dioxide reduced the activity to a level somewhat over the background. No mutagenic response was detected in waters treated with ozone or chlorine dioxide alone. In presence of S9 mix all water extracts studied were non-mutagenic.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1990

Acute aluminum toxicity after continuous intravesical alum irrigation for hemorrhagic cystitis.

An encephalopathy and cardiomyopathy developed in a seventeen-year-old girl with chemotherapy-induced renal failure while receiving an intravesical aluminum infusion for hemorrhagic cystitis. Premortem serum and postmortem tissue aluminum levels were markedly elevated. It is likely that her inability to excrete absorbed aluminum contributed to her death. Aluminum infusions should be used with caution in patients with renal failure.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1985

Modified forms of allergen immunotherapy.

There have been many attempts to modify allergens and thus to improve upon conventional immunotherapy, which has been proved effective but has several drawbacks. These include the risk of systemic reactions and the time and cost involved. The modifications have taken three major approaches. One approach, to impede allergen release from the site of deposition, has met with limited success. An example is alum precipitation, which has modestly reduced the number of injections and incidence of systemic reactions. A second approach, to suppress specific IgE production and to induce specific tolerance, has not been successful in man. The third approach, to reduce allergenicity while retaining immunogenicity of allergens, has been the most successful and appears to have the most promise. One example is polymerized allergens, which have been shown to be safe, efficacious, and immunogenic in multiple clinical trials. Other examples include allergoids and glutaraldehyde-treated, tyrosine-adsorbed allergens.

Allergens↗
PubMed1990

Aluminium deposition in bone after contamination of drinking water supply.

Two healthy individuals who drank water accidentally contaminated at source with aluminium sulphate solution were investigated 6-7 months later. Bone biopsy specimens showed discrete lines of positive staining for aluminium, the distribution being compatible with acute exposure some months previously. These findings show that under certain conditions normal individuals can absorb aluminium via the gut, and that such aluminium can be deposited in bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Alterations to the pattern of ultrasonic calling after prenatal exposure to aluminium sulfate.

Pregnant CBA mice were exposed to aluminium sulfate at a dose of 200 mg/kg body wt injected intraperitoneally during Days 10 to 13 of gestation. We used a variety of ethological measures, which have been shown to be sensitive indicators of toxicants, to assess effects on the mother and the behavioral development of pups. Prenatal aluminium resulted in a reduction in the rate of ultrasonic calling by pups accompanied by a shift in the timing of peak calling; treated pups exhibited decreased growth and delays in neurobehavioral development. The treatment received by a pup's foster mother was also found to influence development. We recommend ultrasonic calling as a sensitive measure in studies of behavioral teratogenicity.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1989

Immunoadjuvant action of liposomes: comparison with other adjuvants.

Dehydration-rehydration vesicles (DRV liposomes) composed of equimolar phospholipid and cholesterol and containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used together with free BSA to immunize Balb/C mice. Primary and secondary immune responses (IgG1) to the liposomal antigen, as measured by ELISA in mouse sera, were similar for egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) DRV, and much greater than those elicited by free BSA. The adjuvanticity of PC DRV was compared with that of aluminium salts (alum), complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and N-acetyl muramyl-L-threonyl-D-isoglutamine ([Thr1]MDP), the latter used as such or in a liposome form co-entrapped with the antigen. DRV (with or without co-entrapped [Thr1]MDP), and alum were equally strong in producing primary and secondary immune responses (IgG1) to BSA. Such responses were significantly higher than those achieved with CFA and [Thr1]MDP alone. The implications of these results for the potential role of liposomes as immunological adjuvants in vaccines are discussed.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗