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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[The advent of a new class of antihypertensive agents: angiotensin II receptor antagonists].

The objective of this article is to give more information about the pharmacology of and recent clinical data on the angiotensin II receptors antagonists. The angiotensin II receptors antagonists, of which Losartan will be the first representative on the Belgian market, constitute a new therapeutic class in the treatment of hypertension and even heart failure. They are non peptic and orally active and their long mechanism of action allows one daily administration to improve therapeutic compliance. These agents block all known effects of the angiotensin II through binding to the AT1 receptors. Thanks to this unique mechanism of action they reduce blood pressure with a lower incidence of the adverse effects commonly associated with other antihypertensives. In controlled clinical trials, overall incidence of adverse experiences was comparable to placebo. Addition of thiazide-type diuretics provides additive efficacy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioengineering: the advent of metabiology (part I).

The ability to modify or replace organs or functions and to intervene in the transmission of hereditary characteristics is a fundamental turning point in the development of living organisms and of bioengineering. The history of bioengineering leading to this stage is briefly reviewed and reinterpreted. The view is proposed that bioengineering is the instrument by which metabiology - the continuance of biology with other means - is brought about. Metabiology deals with the study of living organisms as they can be modified by outside interventions on their functions, organs or sub-organs. Some of the fundamental questions raised by interventions from the outside on the organism - such as the loss of validity of the concept of homeostasis and the destruction of any vestige of orthogenesis - are briefly explored. Part II of this paper will appear in the next issue of this Journal.

Artificial Organs↗
PubMed1995

Advent of maternal serum markers for Down syndrome screening.

Trisomy 21, or Down syndrome, is the most common serious autosomal chromosome aberration in which affected individuals survive beyond infancy. The association between advancing maternal age and increased risk of trisomy 21 is well known, and pregnant women older than 35 years at delivery are routinely offered invasive prenatal diagnostic testing. More recently, the use of maternal serum markers in the second trimester of pregnancy to predict the risk of trisomy 21 for women under the age of 35 has received intensive analysis. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) was the first of these markers to be identified, and an inverse correlation between MSAFP level and risk of trisomy 21 was noted. A second marker, unconjugated estriol (uE3), has also been studied, and a correlation between low uE3 and trisomy 21 has been demonstrated, with a high level of correlation between AFP and uE3. The addition of uE3 to the screening protocol has not consistently improved detection rates, possibly because of its high correlation with AFP. A strong association of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and Down syndrome was reported. This analyte is the most sensitive one in use today, although controversy exists regarding the best form of the analyte to use for trisomy 21 prediction. Several groups of investigators advocate measurement of total hCG, while others feel that measurement of the free-beta subunit of the molecule offers greater detection ability. The maximum detection rate that has been reported is 80 percent with a 5 percent false-positive rate using a combination of MSAFP, free-beta hCG, and maternal age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Impact of HAART advent on admission patterns and survival in HIV-infected patients admitted to an intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Several studies found increased survival times and decreased hospitalization rates since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of HAART on admission patterns and survival of HIV-infected patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: All HIV-infected patients admitted from 1 January 1995 to 30 June 1999, to an infectious diseases ICU located in Paris. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ICU utilization and admission patterns, and survival. RESULTS: A total of 426 HIV-related admissions were included. Sepsis increased from 16.3% to 22.6% from the pre- to the post-HAART era, whereas AIDS-related admissions decreased from 57.7% to 37% (P < 0.05). No significant difference in ICU utilization was found. In both periods, half of the patients were not on antiretroviral treatment at ICU admission. In-ICU mortality was 23%, without significant difference between the study periods. By multivariable analysis, in-ICU mortality was significantly associated with SAPS II > 40, Omega score > 75 and mechanical ventilation; and long-term survival with admission in the HAART era and AIDS at ICU admission. Cumulative survival rates after ICU discharge were 85.3% and 70.8% after 12 and 24 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: HAART had little impact on ICU utilization by HIV-infected patients. After the introduction of HAART AIDS-related conditions decreased and sepsis increased as reasons for ICU admission. Whereas ICU survival was dependent on usual prognostic markers, long-term survival was clearly dependent on HIV disease stage and HAART availability. In both study periods, at least a half of the HIV infected patients were not on anti-retroviral treatment at the time of ICU admission.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Large-scale lattice Boltzmann simulations of complex fluids: advances through the advent of computational Grids.

During the last 2.5 years, the RealityGrid project has allowed us to be one of the few scientific groups involved in the development of computational Grids. Since smoothly working production Grids are not yet available, we have been able to substantially influence the direction of software and Grid deployment within the project. In this paper, we review our results from large-scale three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann simulations performed over the last 2.5 years. We describe how the proactive use of computational steering, and advanced job migration and visualization techniques enabled us to do our scientific work more efficiently. The projects reported on in this paper are studies of complex fluid flows under shear or in porous media, as well as large-scale parameter searches, and studies of the self-organization of liquid cubic mesophases.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed2006

The rising prevalence of androgen deprivation among older American men since the advent of prostate-specific antigen testing: a population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of efforts in the early detection of prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in the USA, by estimating the regional prevalence of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) among older men in 1993-2000, and correlating the prevalence with early detection and aggressive treatment rates in 1987-91, as some authors predicted that ADT, a treatment traditionally reserved for advanced prostate cancer, would become less common over time as a result of such efforts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A sample of 5% of men who were Medicare beneficiaries was used in this prospective population-based cohort study. The main outcome measures were the overall prevalence of ADT (medical and surgical) in the cohort from 1993 to 2000, and correlations between rates of prostate procedures in the 306 USA hospital referral regions in 1987-91 and prevalence of ADT in those regions from 1993 to 2000. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADT among these men in the USA increased steadily from 1.8% in 1993 to 2.9% in 2000 (P < 0.001). Regions with higher rates of prostate biopsy in 1987-91 had a higher prevalence of ADT in 1993, 1995 and 1997 (P < 0.05). Regions with higher rates of transurethral prostatectomy in 1987-91 had a higher prevalence of ADT in 1993-2000 (P < 0.01). Regions with higher rates of radical prostatectomy in 1987-91 had higher rates of ADT in 1993-99 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Widespread early detection and aggressive treatment for prostate cancer in the USA has been associated with more, not less, ADT among older men over time.

Aged↗