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PubMed2001

Publication pattern of medical theses, France, 1993-98.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: In many countries, medical training must be completed by presentation of a thesis. We report publication patterns of French medical theses. MATERIALS: We drew a random sample of theses presented in the 36 French medical universities between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 1997. The sample was stratified according to size of university, and drawn from the CD-ROM Doc-Thèse. METHODS: We recorded the research area (medicine, surgery, biology) and study type (clinical, epidemiological, laboratory). We used the name of the student and supervisor to assess whether the thesis resulted in a publication indexed in MEDLINE. RESULTS: Most of the 300 theses included were from medicine (79.3%) and were clinical studies (69.3%). A total of 51 theses (17. 0%) resulted in publication. The proportion of theses which were published, the median impact factor of the journals in which they were published, the proportion of publications in English and the proportion of publications in which the name of the student was missing varied with the research domain and type of study. CONCLUSIONS: Most French medical theses are not made available to the scientific community. In the European context, where medical training and qualification have to be standardized, our study provides a simple method of assessing that publication objectives of thesis research are met. Further research is needed to explore the educational value of medical professional theses.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2002

The woven fabric - a metaphor of nursing care: the major subject in nursing education.

The woven fabric - a metaphor of nursing care: the major subject in nursing education Society's future needs regarding health care present challenges to traditional nursing education. Today, the ambition is to create a nursing role that is appropriate to people's health care needs rather than the needs of the health care system. In nursing education, the major subject - nursing care - is central. Accordingly, there is a need for a consistent and clear articulation of this subject as well as the nursing profession. The aim of the present study was to interpret and describe the major subject, its content and structure in the nursing programme at Mälardalen University. With a hermeneutic approach an interpretation and application emerged as a metaphor of nursing care - the woven fabric. In this structure concepts function as bridges linking theory and practice, whereby it is possible to integrate different aspects of knowledge in order to think, feel and act nursing care.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2001

What is a PhD?

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Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2002

[Medical dissertation: differences between successful and aborted research projects].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To obtain the title "Doctor medicinae" in Germany a dissertation is required. There are no data currently available to compare successful and unsuccessful student research projects. This study's aim was to determine observational differences between the two groups of successful and unsuccessful dissertations pursued by medical students. METHODS: All medical students of the 11 (th) to 14 (th) terms of study at the Charité Hospital in Berlin (n = 1036; 560 females [54.1 %] and 476 males [45.9 %]) received a questionnaire, which invited them to describe the current and/or up to two aborted dissertations. The returned questionnaires were classified into "successful" and "unsuccessful" dissertations. RESULTS: 324 (31 %) students responded, describing 348 dissertation projects at the Charité. Of these, 72 were identified as successful and 65 as unsuccessful. Successful dissertations were significantly better supervised (the supervisor was available more often [64 % vs. 29 %]; the supervisor was more often helpful [57 % vs. 9 %]). Further, planning of successful projects was significantly better (dissertation faithful to agreed-on specifications [42 % vs. 5 %]; financially supported [39 % vs. 8 %]). In addition, efforts to attract the student as a future research partner were significantly more frequent when the dissertation was successful (50 % vs. 17 %). CONCLUSION: Successful dissertations are clearly the result of better preparation and continuous close supervision. To improve the chances of success, better planning and supervision are essential. Moreover, financial support and proper preparation for scientific work, e. g., by special courses, maybe promising instruments to increase the fraction of successful dissertations.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2002

[Execution and quality of attention paid to medical doctoral theses at the faculty of medicine at the University of Würzburg as seen by the doctoral candidates in their 5th and 6th year of study].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The significance of a doctoral thesis in medicine has been discussed controversially among medical students and faculty members. We examined in a brief but comprehensive study how medical students evaluate their research activities and whether or not alternative thesis models should be implemented. METHODS: A questionnaire comprising 50 questions was evaluated from 160 5th and 6th year medical students at the University of Wuerzburg. RESULTS: Almost two-thirds of our interviewees started working on a thesis project at the beginning of the 4th year of study. 59 % of our participants reported to have neglected the regular study and 56 % said to have prolonged the regular study due to the work on a thesis. Despite considerable variation, the median time spent weekly on a thesis project was 10 hours, independent of where the students worked. The median grade of satisfaction during the whole thesis was rated at 6.5 as assessed on an analogous scale from 1-10 (very satisfied). The research results from 94 students contributed to 164 articles (already published or in press) and the results of 110 students were presented at scientific meetings. Only 50 % of our interviewees were pleased with their published output and the importance of student research activities for the overall German biomedical research was rated 4.4 as assessed on an analogous scale from 1-10 (very important). 70 % of our interviewees preferred defined research periods and 47 % would apply for dual-degree research programmes. The scientific significance of a MD thesis in comparison to a PhD thesis was rated at 2.1 on an analogous scale from 1-5 (5 = equally significant). CONCLUSION: The current German research model might be modified and defined research periods and dual-degree research programmes as a one possible alternative should be considered.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2003

[The medical dissertation--no definitive model. Results of a survey about obtaining a doctorate contradict frequently stated opinions].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The relevance of medical dissertations is controversial in Germany. The "Wissenschaftsrat" (Science Council) of Germany even made the radical proposal of abolishing medical dissertations, in their present form, in the recently published "Guidelines on writing a thesis". METHODS: Using a questionnaire with 22 items all students submitting their dissertations within one year at the Medical School in Hannover were asked to participate in a survey about the dissertation, supervision, time spent on it and publishing the results. The answers were evaluated statistically by explorative data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 232 questionnaires were evaluated, which is equivalent to a response rate of 87% (47% were women). A majority of 69% had prepared their thesis in a clinical institution. The supervision during various phases of the dissertation was graded as good. Altogether 90% thought that it had been personally worth-while. In 57% of cases the data of the dissertation had already been published and in 39 % of these cases the author of the dissertation was listed as first author of the publication. CONCLUSIONS: In agreement with former studies in German universities an overwhelming majority of 90% of respondents graded dissertations as a significant part of their medical studies, although requiring much additional time. They would recommend such a research phase to younger students as highly valuable. These results are in contrast to many repeatedly made statements.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2000

[Factors modifying frequency of publications of clinical research results exemplified by medical dissertations].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The problem of so-called "publication bias"--distortion of statements about an event by selective publication--is receiving growing attention. Assessment of the results of a given study can be affected by knowing the factors that favour or inhibit the publication of its results. METHODS: The data were based on an analysis of 371 medical doctoral dissertations on clinical research. Characteristic features of the dissertations were obtained by questionnaire, supplemented by MEDLINE search and, additionally, by personal enquiry about the publications. Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the characteristic features was used to evaluate the factors that influenced publication of a dissertation. RESULTS: There were mainly three factors that influenced the decision whether or not a dissertation was published: (1) a positive result of the study (odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.12-5.75); (2) the publishing activity of the dissertation's referee (odds ratio 3.8, 95% confidence interval 1.77-7.97; and (3) the quality of the statistical analysis of the dissertation's data (odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 0.99-2.80). CONCLUSION: A distinct publication bias can be demonstrated also in the case of doctoral dissertations in that positive results are clearly published more often than negative ones.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1998

[Research activities of medical students in Germany using as an example the Würzburg University Clinic].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Many medical students in Germany take part in research at their university, as part of their work on a doctoral dissertation. There are alternatives to this model in other countries. To have a basis for comparison, the research activities of medical students at the University of Würzburg were analysed. METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to all members of the teaching staff of the medical faculty of the University Würzburg (n = 238). It contained 20 questions about the number of students whose research had been supervised, duration of the research, number of uncompleted research studies, cost of materials, resulting publications and estimate of value of the research done. Among those questioned were two groups of professors (50 and 66 respectively, 122 senior lecturers or titular professors). RESULTS: 106 faculty members answered the questionnaire sent to them (45%), 66 working clinically, 26 in a clinic-related institute and 14 in basic research. The students' research usually started in their 4th year and on average took up 216 full-time days. The average training period had lasted for 3 months, 10% of student broke off their research, and each faculty member supervised a mean of 4.5 students. Nonexperimental work (48.3%) cost on average DM 2300, experimental work (51.7%) DM 15,000. Generally two publications resulted and one or two posters/oral communications per student. Two-thirds of the faculty members thought that research undertaken by medical students was important for maintaining a qualitatively and quantitatively high publication level at a university clinic. CONCLUSION: Work on a doctoral dissertation not only promotes scientific thinking of the future doctor but also contributes towards maintaining scientific standards.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1995

Doctoral dissertations on hypnosis: 1980-1989.

This article extends Clark, Hungerford, and Reilley's (1984) review of dissertations accepted by American universities from 1923 to 1980 by examining dissertations of the 1980s. A table shows which areas of research received the most attention in each of the last 3 decades. There was an increase in the percentage of psychology and educational psychology researchers using hypnosis in dissertations.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗