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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Enhanced visualization of soft tissues in the study of aborted fetuses through the use of xeroradiography.

As part of the diagnostic workup following an episode of fetal loss, it is generally recommended that fetal tissue be submitted for chromosome analysis and that the fetus be photographed and radiographed. Our recent clinical experience has suggested that, in those fetuses where size is compatible, xeroradiography may be superior to standard radiography. Xeroradiography utilizes principles similar to those in film radiology, with low-energy photon beams and relatively long exposure times. The physical characteristics of the beam and imaging system provide optimal soft tissue visualization. We have found this technique to be of use in studying a broad variety of abortuses with abnormalities. Examples of fetal abnormalities in which we have used this technique include acardia, neural tube defects, nuchal cystic hygroma, and arthrogryposis. In fetuses weighing 500-1,000 gm, the exposure settings are 25 MA, 1 second, 40 KVP. For larger fetuses the KVP should be increased by 1 or 2. This technique has not been useful for a complete body view of large fetuses due to the size limitations of the xeroradiographic cassette itself.

Anencephaly↗
PubMed1985

Bovine leptospirosis: some clinical features of serovar hardjo infection.

During an investigation of natural in utero infection of cattle by Leptospira interrogans strains, infection (almost entirely caused by serovar hardjo) was diagnosed in 57 per cent of 505 calves (472 aborted fetuses, 20 stillborn calves and 13 perinatal deaths) examined over a six-year period. The prevalence of leptospire-infected fetuses showed a seasonal increase in September, October and December and was significantly higher in fetuses aborted by dairy cows than in fetuses aborted by beef cows. The majority of infected fetuses were aborted from the sixth month of gestation onwards. Cows which aborted infected fetuses had not previously exhibited overt signs of agalactia. There was an association between leptospiral infection and retention of fetal membranes.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1982

[Bacteriological and morphological findings in aborted cattle fetuses].

Bacteriologic investigations were carried out on a total of 142 fetuses aborted by cows. C. pyogenes, V. fetus, Streptococcus pyogenes animalis (Sofia), M. bovigenitalium, A. laidlawii, E. coli, and B. subtilis were isolated from 34 fetuses (24 per cent). Besides, single of these species were found in 80 per cent of the positive cases, and a mixed infection--in 20 per cent. The morphologic changes in all 34 fetuses that were positive were seen chiefly in the lungs and liver. Such lesions, however, were not instrumental in differentiating the etiologic agent.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1986

Toxoplasma-like sporozoa in an aborted equine fetus.

Multifocal areas of necrosis and infiltrations of mononuclear cells were seen in lung specimens of an equine fetus aborted 2 months before term. Extracellular and intracellular protozoa were seen in the alveolar tissue. Individual organisms were 4 microns by 2.5 microns, and cyst-like structures were 25 microns by 18 microns. Organisms did not stain with periodic acid-Schiff or by use of the immunoperoxidase and peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for Toxoplasma gondii. Twelve days after abortion, the mare had serum antibody titer of less than 1:10 against T gondii.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1990

Neospora caninum (Apicomplexa) in an aborted equine fetus.

Tachyzoites of Neospora caninum were found in sections of lung of an equine fetus aborted 2 mo before term. Individual tachyzoites were approximately 3-5 x 2-3 microns, divided by endodyogeny, and stained positively with anti-N. caninum serum but not with anti-Toxoplasma gondii serum. Toxoplasma gondii antibody was not found in the mare's serum. This is the first report of N. caninum in a horse and indicates that N. caninum can be transmitted transplacentally in equids.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1998

Aino virus antigen in brain lesions of a naturally aborted bovine fetus.

A bovine fetus aborted at 187 days of gestation was serologically and immunohistopathologically examined. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples had high titers of virus-neutralizing antibody for Aino virus. A severe necrotizing encephalopathy was noted. Aino virus antigen was demonstrated in neuroglial cells within the brain lesion. The destruction of developing neuronal cells appeared to be a significant feature of the pathogenesis of lesions due to Aino virus infection in the central nervous system.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1998

Associated malformations in infants and fetuses with upper or lower neural tube defects.

The paper describes associated malformations in infants born with neural tube defects (N = 3,809) from three large malformation registers and in fetuses aborted because of a diagnosed neural tube defect (N = 748) from two of the registers. In infants, upper spina bifida and encephalocele are more often associated with non-neural malformations than anencephaly or lower spina bifida. Aborted fetuses with spina bifida or encephalocele have associated malformations registered more often than infants with those neural tube defects, but the opposite is true for anencephaly. The degree of detail of the investigation of an aborted specimen or a perinatally dead infant will contribute to such differences but they can also depend on the fact that prenatal detection may be facilitated by the simultaneous presence of other malformations like body wall defects. Also, fetuses with many malformations may be more prone to abort spontaneously late in pregnancy. Variable prenatal diagnosis may, therefore, explain population differences in the pattern of associated malformations. The type of associated malformation differs with the level of the neural tube defect: this could be due to different causal mechanisms or be a question of cranio-caudal level and/or timing. For limb reduction defects, however, we did not find any association between upper limb and upper neural tube defects or lower limb and lower neural tube defects. These findings together with other epidemiological data support the idea that upper and lower neural tube defects may have different significance in epidemiological studies and should be treated separately.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

Cardiovascular malformations in spontaneously aborted human fetuses.

Among 57 spontaneously aborted fetuses with a crown-rump length (CRL) ranging from 30 to 180 mm, 5 were found to have cardiovascular malformations. The number of cases with cardiovascular malformations (numerator) and the number of observed fetuses (denominator) classified according to their CRL were as follows: CRL 30-49 mm, 1/9 (persistent left superior vena cava); 50-69 mm, 4/11 (one case each of membranous VSD with aberrant right subclavian artery, high muscular VSD, pulmonary stenosis with muscular VSD and overriding aorta, right aortic arch with membranous VSD); 70-99 mm, 0/7; 100-139 mm, 0/16; 140-180 mm, 0/14. The above results clearly show a high prevalence of cardiovascular malformations in spontaneously aborted fetuses with a CRL of less than 70 mm. The practicability and potential value of microdissection of small fetuses are stressed.

Female↗