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PubMed1984

Reinfection and infection rates of ascariasis in relation to seasonal variation in the Philippines.

Stool examinations of 320 primary school children for eggs of Ascaris revealed a prevalence of 74.0 percent. Reinfection and infection rates were determined on a monthly basis with egg-positive subjects treated correspondingly. Due to dropouts of subjects, only 154 children completed the 12-month observation. About 15% of children remained negative after treatment during one year but 85% got reinfected, with those reinfected only once being the highest then those reinfected twice, followed by those reinfected more than twice in a year. Of the 203 Ascaris worms collected 69% were females and 31% were males with a sex ratio of 2.4 females to one male; 73% were mature and 27% were immature females; 70% were mature and 30% were immature males; mean number of worms per child was 2.6. The mean length and weight of female was 22.9 cm and 3.6 gms respectively while for males it was 16.1 cm and 1.7 gm respectively. The graph showing amount of rainfall, reinfection and infection rates of ascariasis revealed the presence of two major peaks both in the reinfection and infection rates noted in December-January and May-June. Likewise, the rainfall also peaked twice namely in August and October. It appears that ascariasis reinfection or transmission is highest when rainfall is minimal and lowest when rainfall is at its highest peak. Based on the peaks of reinfection and infection, it is suggested the school children be dewormed in June and in December each year for at least three years.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Clinical trial of levamisole in the treatment of ascariasis in Khorasan, Iran.

This paper identifies the parasitic infections and their incidence in 246 people aged between 10--20 years living in a semi-rural Iranian village. 64 patients with ascariasis were treated with levamisole ('Ketrax' ICI) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Most were followed up 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, with cure rate of 97.7% and 98.4% respectively, as assessed by negative egg findings in faeces. No side effects were reported. Levamisole meets the requirements of individual and mass treatment of ascariasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The modelling of dynamic ascariasis infectivity and prevalence in foci of invasion].

Suggests a simple model for calculation of ascariasis invasion rate in the population living in temperate climate foci, based on a single copro-ovoscopic examination over the entire epidemic season or a certain period. Describes a method for model construction for various epidemic conditions and a computer program realizing this method. The model is applicable for operative assessment of current ascariasis infection rate and for planning preventive measures.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed1995

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of intestinal ascariasis.

Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common roundworm in warm and temperate areas. Although radiological features of Ascaris lumbricoides are well defined, there are only a few reports on the ultrasonographic findings of intestinal ascariasis. In our two patients with no acute abdominal symptoms, intestinal ascariasis was initially diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. In both patients, tubular structures in the segments of the small intestine were demonstrated by ultrasonography.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A histological and electron microscopic study of the kidneys in migrating ascariasis].

Histological and electron microscopic techniques were used to study the structure of the kidney in migration ascariasis caused by the single or double infection of white mice with Ascaris at an interval of 14 days. The animals were autopsied on days 5-7 after single or double infection. It was found that double infection changes occur earlier (on day 2). The kidneys were ascertained to restore their structure by day 21, suggesting the reversibility of the detected changes. Such regularity has been defined before while examining the structure of the liver in ascariasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Intestinal obstruction due to ascariasis.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal obstruction due to ascariasis results from heavy worm infestation. This study is a review of 92 patients with intestinal obstruction from Ascaris lumbricoides. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients without peritonism were treated conservatively with resuscitation, antibiotics and anthelminthics. The remaining 24 patients presented with abdominal signs suggesting strangulation. Plain abdominal radiography was done in all patients. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed in the last 22 patients. RESULTS: There were no deaths in the first group and duration of hospital stay ranged from 4 to 7 days. Five of 24 patients in the second group died during resuscitation. After successful resuscitation, 19 had a laparotomy. Six patients needed resection of gangrenous bowel with primary anastomosis, in 11 an enterotomy was used to remove obstructing worms and in two it was possible to milk obstructing worms into the colon. Seven patients died after operation, giving an overall mortality rate of 12 of 24 patients in the second group. The characteristic sonographic features of 'railway track' sign and 'bull's eye' appearance helped make the diagnosis of ascariasis, and ultrasonographic signs were also typical for strangulation in five patients. CONCLUSION: Early clinical diagnosis supported by ultrasonography, together with prompt surgery when necessary, might reduce the mortality rate in what is still a potentially dangerous condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Clinical observation on combined use of herbal medicine and acupuncture for treatment of 50 cases of biliary ascariasis complicated by infection.

50 cases of biliary ascariasis complicated by infection were treated by An Hui Zhi Tong Decoction combined with acupuncture. The cure rate was 72%, with a total effective rate of 96%, the therapeutic effect being better than that of the control group of 42 cases treated by western medicine. This therapy exerts good antipyretic effect, improves the symptoms quickly, and has no adverse side effects, thus its therapeutic effect is certain for treatment of biliary ascariasis complicated by infection.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1997

Pancreatic-biliary ascariasis: experience of 300 cases.

BACKGROUND: Infestation with Ascaris lumbricoides is seen worldwide. Recently, there has been much interest in the pancreatic-biliary complications of Ascaris infection. In this study, we present our experience of 300 patients seen in a tertiary referral center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case charts of patients seen in the Department of Gastroenterology, University of Damascus, Syria, were analyzed, retrospectively, over a 5-yr period (September of 1988 to August of 1993). During this period, 1666 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic studies were performed and pancreatic-biliary ascariasis was diagnosed in 300 patients (18%). RESULTS: The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain, seen in 98% of patients (294 patients). Complications observed were ascending cholangitis (48 patients; 16%), acute pancreatitis (13 patients; 4.3%), and obstructive jaundice (4 patients; 1.3%). History of worm emesis was present in 25% of patients (76 patients). Most patients (240 patients; 80%) had previously undergone a cholecystectomy or an endoscopic sphincterotomy (232 patients; 77%). Worms were successfully extracted endoscopically in all except two patients, and there were no procedure-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: In endemic countries, ascariasis should be suspected in patients with pancreatic-biliary disease, especially if a cholecystectomy or sphincterotomy has been performed in the past. Endoscopic management results in rapid resolution of symptoms and prevents development of complications.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1997

An outbreak of ascariasis with marked eosinophilia in the southern part of Kyushu District, Japan, caused by infection with swine ascaris.

Ascariasis has been a representative soil-transmitted intestinal parasitic disease in warm climates. In Japan, this disease was a major and serious public health problem only a few decades ago. However, the incidence of the disease nowadays is reportedly less than 0.01%. Recently in 1994 through 1995, we experienced a total of 14 cases who were suspected as having ascariasis. They were characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia (30-70%), high serum titers against Ascaris antigen, and most notably, they were absolutely negative for Ascaris eggs in repeated fecal examinations. Specific antibody titers against Ascaris antigen correlated well with the degree of eosinophilia. All patients were living in narrow areas of Kyushu, Japan, where a lot of porcine farms were located. Most of the patients were asymptomatic and pointed out to have eosinophilia during follow-up studies of chronic diseases or in regular check-up. Only one patient had a clear sign of Löffler's syndrome and another had subcutaneous eosinophilic granuloma. However, laboratory examinations revealed moderate liver dysfunction in 7 patients and pulmonary infiltrations in 5 patients. Based on circumstantial and serological evidence, these patients were diagnosed as having been infected with Ascaris lumbricoides suum, a swine Ascaris.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Ultrasound diagnosis of biliary ascariasis.

Two patients with right upper quadrant pain underwent real time ultrasound examination and biliary ascariasis was diagnosed. One case was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with removal of the parasites, and the other by intravenous cholangiography. Patients with ascariasis in the bile duct occasionally presenting with atypical right upper quadrant abdominal pain can be diagnosed accurately by real time ultrasound, which shows the movement of the worms.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1990

Ascariasis in Nigeria.

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and projections for the future indicate that the population could reach about 165 million by the year 2000(1). A high proportion of the population is under 15 years of age and the majority of people still live in rural areas(1). These characteristics, in combination with a socioeconomic environment influenced by poverty, poor housing, insufficient sanitation and a need for health education, favour the transmission of the human roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. In 1986, a WHO report on the prevalence of ascariasis in Africa singled out Nigeria for special comment: 15 million Nigerians are estimated to harbour Ascaris. In this context, and that of their own recent field studies, Celia Holland and Samuel Asaolu review the present state of knowledge of ascariasis in Nigeria.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ascariasis: comparison of the therapeutic efficacy between paico and albendazole in children from Huaraz].

A therapeutical clinical trial was designed to study the effectiveness of Paico and Albendazole, for the treatment of ascariasis in a group of 60 children, between 3 and 14 years old, from a rural community in Huaraz. It was carried out between May and August, 2000. The sample was randomly divided into 30 cases for Paico and 30 for Albendazole, the criteria for entering the trial being a positive examination for Ascaris lumbricoides in feces. The treatment consisted in Paico juice: 1 ml/Kg for less than 10 Kg, and 2 ml/Kg in larger children, one dose before breakfast, for three consecutive days. The Albendazole was administered in a single dose of 400 mg in those over five years of age, and 200 mg in younger children. The effectiveness was evaluated qualitatively (the disappearance of the ascaris eggs from the feces) and quantitatively (decrease in the parasitic burden); in the stool examinations carried out in all cases on entering the study and 15 days after the treatment. All the stool samples were processed in the Referential Laboratory of the Regional Health Authority in Ancash. The qualitative effectiveness between Paico and Albendazole for the eradication of ascariasis was similar at 86.7%. The quantitative effectiveness was 59.5% for Paico and 58.3% for Albendazole. However, it was observed that, unlike Albedazole, Paico is 100% effective in the treatment of Hymenolepsis nana. Adverse effects were presented in 23.3% of the cases for both drugs. It is concluded that, although Paico and Albendazole have a similar effectiveness against Ascaris lumbricoides, Paico has the additional benefit of being effective against Hymenolepsis nana.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Erythema annulare centrifugum associated with ascariasis.

Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is a figurate erythema that has been associated with man diverse entities. A case of EAC was related to infestation by the nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides. A careful examination of the patient did not define an immunologic basis for EAC. Results of lymphocyte stimulation tests of the patient showed an immune response to A lumbricoides extracts but not to A suum extracts. This finding is of practical importance, since most laboratoires use A suum extracts in routine skin and serologic tests for human ascariasis.

Anthelmintics↗
PubMed1977

Biliary lithiasis associated with ascariasis in a Nigerian woman.

We report the occurrence of gallstones and intrahepatic stones in association with ascarid invasion of the biliary tract in a 51-year-old Nigerian woman. Although biliary stones are known to be caused by products of Ascaris worms, no etiological association was demonstrable in this case. Invasion of the biliary tract by Ascaris worms is reported as rare in our environment where intestinal ascariasis is extremely common. It is suggested that the rarity is apparent rather than real and that it is important to bear this condition in mind in view of modern rapid migration of populations.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed1988

Small bowel volvulus complicating intestinal ascariasis in children.

Twenty-nine patients in whom small bowel volvulus complicated intestinal ascariasis are reported. Attention is drawn to the varied clinical and radiological presentation and the relationship of volvulus to the use of vermifuge. The mortality of 17 per cent was contributed to by delay in diagnosis and failure of pre-operative resuscitation. Early diagnosis is dependent upon clinical vigilance and repeated radiological assessment of those patients with simple ascaris obstruction who fail to improve rapidly with conservative treatment. The instillation of intraluminal vermifuge intra-operatively has minimized postoperative worm migration through suture lines and anastomoses.

Ascariasis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonographic findings in gallbladder ascariasis.

Invasion of the adult roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, into the gallbladder is rare and was seen in 14(2.1%) of the 665 cases with hepatobiliary ascariasis. The diagnosis was suggested in all 13 cases in which sonography was performed and in 5 of the 11 cases at endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Sonographic findings included a nonshadowing, long, echogenic structure in the form of a coil, an echogenic strip with central anechoic tube, an echogenic structure extending across the gallbladder giving it a septate appearance, and characteristic erratic, nondirectional, zig-zag movements of these echogenic structures in the gallbladder. Serial sonograms accurately predicted spontaneous exit of the worm. Pregnancy and anomalous origin of the cystic duct directly from the papilla of Vater facilitated worm invasion into the gallbladder. We conclude that real-time sonography offers a simple, rapid approach for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients, whereas endoscopic retrograde cholangiography has limited diagnostic value in this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Biliary ascariasis associated with cholangiocarcinoma.

A 52-year-old man presented with obstructive jaundice. Sonography of the liver disclosed dilatation of intrahepatic ducts in which multiple elongated intraluminal lesions were contained due to biliary ascariasis. A localized mass projecting into the common bile duct and causing its obstruction proved to be a coexistent cholangiocarcinoma.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗