Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ARM”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Left-right upper arm length asymmetry associated with apical vertebral rotation in subjects with thoracic scoliosis: anomaly of bilateral symmetry affecting vertebral, costal and upper arm physes?

Left-right skeletal length asymmetries in upper limbs related to curve side and severity have been detected with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This paper reports upper arm length asymmetry in thoracic scoliosis related significantly to apical vertebral rotation in school screening referrals. The reason(s) for the association of upper arm length asymmetry with apical vertebral rotation is unknown and three factors are considered: (1) neuromuscular mechanisms from primary or secondary causes, (2) relative concave neurocentral synchondrosis overgrowth, and (3) relative concave periapical rib length overgrowth, A putative anomaly of growth plates (physes) of ribs, neurocentral synchondroses and upper arms, would account for the findings. A solution to this dilemma may emerge from the results of surgery should concave periapical rib resections become evaluated further for right thoracic AIS in girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Preferential involvement of the short arm in chromosome 8-derived supernumerary markers and ring as identified by chromosome arm painting.

We report on the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with specific chromosome 8 arm painting to characterize further small supernumerary chromosome 8-derived markers/rings (SMC/SRC) identified in three patients. Two patients (patients 1 and 2) who carried the marker (SMC) were evaluated because of mental retardation and minor facial anomalies. The patient (patient 3) who carried the ring (SRC) had ventriculomegaly. Parental blood chromosomes of patients 2 and 3 were normal and unavailable on patient 1. The identification of the SMC/SRC was first characterized by FISH specific alpha-repeat centromeric probes, second by FISH whole chromosome painting (WCP), and finally by FISH chromosome arm painting (CAP). The latter showed involvement of only the short arm of chromosome 8 in all three SMC/SRC cases, suggesting a U-type exchange mechanism.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

Biochemical progression rates in the screen arm compared to the control arm of the Rotterdam Section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC).

BACKGROUND: The European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) investigates the feasibility of population-based screening. This report compares the preliminary outcome of cancers detected in the screen and the control arm of its Rotterdam section, by means of biochemical progression rates. METHODS: In the screen arm of this study (21,210 men), screening was applied according to well-established protocols, and a 4-year screen interval was chosen. Widely accepted biochemical progression-criteria were used to evaluate the diagnosed cancers over time. RESULTS: Although more cancers were detected in the screen than in the control arm (1,339 vs. 298, P < 0.001), their clinico-pathological features were more favorable. Furthermore, screened men had higher 5-year survival rates for biochemical progression after surgery (84.4% vs. 58.9% in controls), radiotherapy (71.0% vs. 58.0%), and endocrine therapy (40.5% vs. 16.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The higher biochemical progression-free survival can at least in part be explained by lead and length-time. How screening will effect the mortality remains unclear.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Rigid molecular architectures that comprise a 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene core and three oligoaryleneethynylene arms: light-emitting characteristics and pi conjugation between the arms.

In view of increasing interest in light-emitting materials, we have investigated the light-emitting characteristics and occurrence of conjugation between arms of star-shaped rigid molecules that comprise a 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene core and methoxy group-substituted oligo(p-phenylethynylene) arms. Consequently, we achieved the ultimate goal (Phif approximately 1.0, log epsilon > 5) for organic molecules with respect to light-emitting ability by creating very intense violet-blue (8, Phif = 0.97, log epsilon = 5.11) and blue (9, Phif = 0.98, log epsilon = 5.29) bright light-emitters. Also, pi conjugation was found to occur between the arms of 9 despite the meta-substituted system. We found a linear relationship of kr (with positive slope) and kd (with negative slope) with the number of dimethoxyphenyleneethynylene units for MMPT (4, 6, 8) and DMPT (5, 7, 9) homologues and the contrasting solvent effect on lambdaem of 8 and 9. It is also interesting that lambdaabs, epsilon, lambdaem, and Phif of 9 are greater than those of the corresponding banana- and rod-shaped molecules.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Separate and variably shaped chromosome arm domains are disclosed by chromosome arm painting in human cell nuclei.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with microdissection probes from human chromosomes 3 and 6 was applied to visualize arm and subregional band domains in human amniotic fluid cell nuclei. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantitative three-dimensional image analysis showed a pronounced variability of p- and q-arm domain arrangements and shapes. Apparent intermingling of neighbouring arm domains was limited to the domain surface. Three-dimensional distance measurements with pter and qter probes supported a high variability of chromosome territory folding.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed2002

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae alg12delta mutant reveals a role for the middle-arm alpha1,2Man- and upper-arm alpha1,2Manalpha1,6Man- residues of Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-Dol in regulating glycoprotein glycan processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

N-glycosylation in nearly all eukaryotes proceeds in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by transfer of the precursor Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) from dolichyl pyrophosphate (PP-Dol) to consensus Asn residues in nascent proteins. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae alg (asparagine-linked glycosylation) mutants fail to synthesize oligosaccharide lipid properly, and the alg12 mutant accumulates a Man(7)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol intermediate. We show that the Man(7)GlcNAc(2) released from alg12Delta-secreted invertase is Manalpha1,2Manalpha1,2Manalpha1,3(Manalpha1,2Manalpha1,3Manalpha1,6)-Manbeta1,4-GlcNAcbeta1-4GlcNAcalpha/beta, confirming that the Man(7)GlcNAc(2) is the product of the middle-arm terminal alpha1,2-mannoslytransferase encoded by the ALG9 gene. Although the ER glucose addition and trimming events are similar in alg12Delta and wild-type cells, the central-arm alpha1,2-linked Man residue normally removed in the ER by Mns1p persists in the alg12Delta background. This confirms in vivo earlier in vitro experiments showing that the upper-arm Manalpha1,2Manalpha1,6-disaccharide moiety, missing in alg12Delta Man(7)GlcNAc(2), is recognized and required by Mns1p for optimum mannosidase activity. The presence of this Man influences downstream glycan processing by reducing the efficiency of Ochlp, the cis-Golgi alpha1,6-mannosyltransferase responsible for initiating outer-chain mannan synthesis, leading to hypoglycosylation of external invertase and vacuolar protease A.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1977

X chromosomes attached by their long arm: replication autonomy of the short arm adjacent to the inactive centromere.

A 16 years old girl with Turner syndrome was found to have a 45,X/46,X,t(XqXq)?(q27q23) constitution. The two X chromosomes are attached by their long arms with loss of chromosome material and have one active and one inactive centromere. Analysis of replication patterns with autoradiography and BrdU treatment showed that the abnormal X is always the late replicating one and that the short arm of the second X which is adjacent to the inactive centromere maintains a degree of replication autonomy from the rest of the long arm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The force-velocity relationship of arm flexion in untrained males and females and arm-trained athletes.

The force-velocity curve (FVC) of arm flexion was established in 123 untrained males and 110 untrained females aged from 15 to 36 years, and 48 arm-trained athletes competing in different sport disciplines. The FVC was described by Hill's equation and defined by the parameters: maximal static moment (M0), maximal angular velocity (omega 0), maximal power (P0) and the concavity of the FVC (H). Within the given age range the level of the curve parameters of both untrained men and women was independent of age. On average, H was the same in all three groups. As compared to M0 of the untrained males, M0 of the athletes was 33% higher and M0 of the females was 38% lower; with regard to P0 these differences were +30% and -43% respectively. omega 0 was the same for trained and untrained males, whereas omega 0 of the women was 10% lower than omega 0 of the men.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Standard curves for mid arm circumference and mid-arm/head circumference ratio in newborns.

One Thousand singleton neonates, between 28 and 44 weeks of estimated gestational age (EGA) were measured within 48 hours of their birth for upper mid-arm circumference (MAC), head circumference (HC) and birth weight (BW). Regression analysis was used to draw standard curves for MAC versus EGA and mid-arm circumference/head circumference ratio (MAC/HC) versus EGA. Correlation coefficients were 0.961 for MAC versus EGA and 0.889 for MAC/HC versus EGA (p less than 0.001). MAC, MAC/HC and HC were also highly correlated with birth weight (p less than 0.001). These standard curves make available a discriminating method for evaluation of intra-uterine growth and a non-invasive technique for following somatic protein status in growing preterm infants.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of bone width in malnourished children under 5, and its inter relationship with mid arm muscle thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness and the mid upper arm girth.

The mid upper arm of 516 malnourished children (one to five years) were studied radiographically for changes in bone width, muscle mass and subcutaneous fat, of malnutrition at different ages. The data was studied by statistical analysis, determining the correlation coefficients of each of the factors. The findings indicate that previous assumptions about the components and the changes of the mid upper arm girth (MUG) in chronic severe malnutrition, were perhaps too simplistic.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Mid-arm circumference and mid-arm/head circumference ratios: standard curves for anthropometric assessment of neonatal nutritional status.

Two hundred four neonates, 25 to 42 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA), were measured on day 2 or 3 of life for upper mid-arm circumference (MAC) and head circumference. Regression analysis was used to construct standard curves for MAC versus EGA and mid-arm circumference/head circumference ratio (MAC/HC) versus EGA. Correlation coefficients were 0.93 for MAC versus EGA, and 0.84 for MAC/HC versus EGA. MAC, MAC/HC, and head circumference were also highly correlated with birth weight. These measurements may more accurately assess intrauterine growth and body proportionality at birth than weight, length, and head circumference.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1989

Mid-arm circumference and mid-arm circumference: head circumference ratio for assessing longitudinal growth in hospitalized preterm infants.

In order to study the usefulness of upper mid-arm circumference (MAC) and mid-arm circumference:head circumference ratio (MAC:HC) measurements in assessing longitudinal growth in hospitalized preterm infants, we prospectively measured weights, lengths, occipitofrontal head circumferences (OFC), MACs, MAC:HCs, weight/length for age, nutritional intakes, and serum transthyretin and albumin levels in 50 preterm, low-birth-weight, appropriate for gestational age newborn infants during their first 4 postnatal weeks and at hospital discharge. At some time during hospitalization, weight measurements were abnormal (greater than or equal to 2SD from the gestational age mean) in 48% of the infants as compared with 24% with abnormal MAC measurements (p = 0.002). Abnormal MAC:HCs occurred in 25% of the infants as compared with 68% with abnormal weight/length for age values (p less than 0.001). During weeks 2-4, when nutritional intakes were adequate and serum transthyretin and albumin levels were normal, mean weight gain velocity was less than intrauterine rates and was significantly slower than MAC velocities, which were at or greater than intrauterine rates (p less than 0.001). At discharge, when all infants were gaining weight at intrauterine rates, weight measurements were still abnormal in 28% of the infants as compared with 10% of infants who had abnormal MACs (p = 0.005). Similarly, only 12% of infants had abnormal MAC:HCs as compared with 25% of infants with abnormal weight/length for age values at discharge (p = 0.05). The MAC and MAC:HC are useful for assessing longitudinal growth in preterm infants since they do not overestimate the prevalence of malnourishment during periods of apparent protein-calorie sufficiency.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1993

Arm circumference v. arm circumference/head circumference ratio in the assessment of malnutrition in rural Malawian children.

The arm circumference/head circumference ratio (AC/HC) was compared with arm circumference (AC) alone in the diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in 685 Malawian children between the ages of 3 and 48 months. The AC/HC ratio correlates well, r = 0.6863 (P < 0.001), with weight-for-age (WA). The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for both indicators compared to the NCHS reference standard of WA. Compared to 80 per cent WA, the 0.310 AC/HC cut-off was 92 per cent sensitive and 41 per cent specific, while the 0.290 AC/HC cut-off was 75 per cent sensitive and 74 per cent specific. AC alone in the 6-12-month-old children was 75 per cent sensitive and 89 per cent specific at a cut-off of 12.5 cm. In the children from 12 to 48 months with a cut-off of 13.5 cm the AC was 82 per cent sensitive and 70 per cent specific. The AC alone was more sensitive than AC/HC at all levels of specificity. Adding the HC to AC offered no advantage in screening for PEM in these children. In fact, if one were to use the standard 0.310 cut-off for AC/HC, the resulting low (41 per cent) specificity would identify such a large proportion of false positives as to make this ratio impractical for field use where it is most needed--in primary health care programmes with low resources which serve populations with high prevalences of PEM.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of arm fat area and arm muscle area norms in children 6-12 years of age in Bursa.

Since arm fat area and arm muscle area measurements are said to assess the calorie and protein reserves in the body more accurately than triceps skinfold thickness measurements, we decided to use this system on 1497 girls and 1651 boys who were pupils in elementary schools in Bursa. From the data obtained, percentile norms for the children aged between 6-12 were calculated and percentile curves were drawn. The data that we collected can be used in future nutritional surveys.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

Effect of an upper-arm constricting device on arm blood pressure measurements.

Thousands of blood pressure measurements are done daily without the patients' disrobing. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the validity of such measurements, especially those taken when the patient's armsleeve has been rolled up onto the proximal aspect of the arm. An inflatable constricting device was applied to the proximal aspect of the arm and a standard sphygmomanometer was applied distal to the inflatable cuff. The constricting cuff was inflated to 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mm Hg in random sequence, and the blood pressure was recorded at each level. Statistically significant elevations in the mean systolic blood pressure were detected at proximal constricting pressures of 80 mm Hg (P less than .01) and 100 mm Hg (P less than .001), and in the mean diastolic blood pressure at 20 mm Hg (P less than .005). However, the magnitude of the elevations was small: 3.9, 4.4, and 2.5 mm Hg, respectively. We conclude that though a proximal constricting device may induce statistically significant alterations in blood pressure measurements these alterations are small and not likely to affect treatment decisions.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Replacement of the upper arm flexor muscles by m. latissimus dorsi in partial paralysis of the arm plexus].

Different methods of muscle transfer are described for restoration of elbow flexion. The most important procedures are: Proximal transposition of the origin of forearm flexor muscles to the distal humeral shaft as described by Steindler, transfer of the triceps muscle to the flexor side of the upper arm, and biceps-replacement by transfer of pectoralis major muscle. Besides these methods transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle to the flexor side of the upper arm provides good restitution of elbow flexion. In case of concurrent non-functioning shoulder muscles a shoulder arthrodesis performed as a second intervention is useful. The combination of a shoulder-arthrodesis and a latissimus-dorsi-transfer are demonstrated in a typical case.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Isochromosome consisting of terminal short arm and proximal long arm X in a girl with short stature.

A 16-year-old girl with short stature, short neck, shield chest, and cubitus valgus was studied. FISH analyses of her structurally altered X chromosome showed a der(X)- (wcpX+,TelXp/Yp++,SHOX++,STS++,KAL-, 37A12-,DXZ1+,XIST++,97L7++,300O13-,404F- 18-,417G15-,404F18-,140A-,TelXq/Yq-). These results, together with the high-resolution banding analysis, indicated her karyotype to be 46,X,der(X)(Xpter-->Xp22.3::Xq22.3--> cen-->Xq22.3::Xp22.3-->Xpter). The der(X) was an isochromosome, consisting of duplicated terminal short arms and duplicated proximal long arms. This in turn suggested that the chromosome was formed through pericentric inversion of an X chromosome, followed by isochromosome formation through sister chromatid exchange at Xp, close to the centromere. Replication R-banding analysis showed that the abnormal X chromosome was late replicating. Analysis of digestion patterns with a methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease of the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 gene, located in Xq13.3, indicated that its inactivation patterns were completely skewed.

Adolescent↗