Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ARCHIVES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Electronic access to tinnitus data: the Oregon Tinnitus Data Archive.

The recently published Oregon Tinnitus Data Archive can be viewed by anyone with Internet access and World Wide Web browser software. A dynamically changing document to be amplified and upgraded in future versions, at present the Archive summarizes records from 1630 patients with tinnitus seen between 1982 and 1992 at the Tinnitus Clinic of the Oregon Health Sciences University. The Archive has many features of standard journal publications but also has added advantages of extensive appendixes and other background information, as well as the ease of use and flexibility offered by hypertext documents. The data in the Archive can be used for a variety of clinical and research purposes such as development of prevalence estimates for medical conditions or etiologic circumstances associated with tinnitus, testing of clinical impressions and other hypotheses, and efforts to identify risk factors and possible causal agents for tinnitus.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Holographic image archive.

This paper presents an associative technique for content-based retrieval into image archive, based on a computing paradigm called Multidimensional Holographic Associative Computing (MHAC). Unlike any prior Artificial Associative Memory (AAM), MHAC has the unique ability fo focus on any subject of pixels in the sample image and retrieve learned images based on the similarity of the visual objects. In addition, MHAC is adaptive, graciously accommodative of imprecision, efficient, parallelizable, scalable and optically realizable. Together, these excellent properties of MHAC offer a promising novel approach to a content-based search into massive image archives. The paper presents the necessary transformational steps to incorporate this new mechanism into a complete image archival and retrieval system. This is the first associative search approach for content-based retrieval in image repository. The results show that this search system is capable of retrievals by using pattern objects as small as 10-15% of the query image frame at better than 90% accuracy. This demonstrates the potential of MHAC for handing contest-based image applications far beyond the capability of current associative memories. The design, methodology and performance of this system have been illustrated in this paper through its application in managing a Medical Image Archive (MEDIA).

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

The ethics of reusing archived tissue for research.

Pathologists have been establishing archives of human organs and tissue for research use for many years now. Controversy has arisen recently over these collections, particularly with regard to the right of patients or relatives to consent to removal and retention of tissue, genetic research using stored tissue samples, and commercial exploitation of tissue collections and genetic material. This paper discusses the ethics of reusing existing archives of tissue. New archives are established under much more stringent conditions than in the past. What rules should apply to existing archives? Guidelines to regulate such use are useful, but face serious difficulties in balancing the variety of public and private interests relating to tissue banking. Consent cannot be obtained retrospectively, but public trust can be established by open acknowledgement of the evolution of ethical standards and strict adherence to current best practice. Guidelines and standards vary from country to country, but ethical principles should not. The implications of this view for pathologists worldwide are discussed.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1999

Reliability of placental histology using archived specimens.

Archived placental materials provide a resource for retrospective studies of perinatal outcomes. Using archived specimens, we evaluated inter-rater reliability in the assessment of placental histological features possibly associated with neonatal illness and long-term neurological outcome. Five expert placental pathologists independently reviewed archived placental specimens on 30 subjects born during 1983-85 in six different hospitals. Moderate to substantial agreement among the raters was observed for a variety of indicators of inflammation, presence of macrophages with pigment and indicators of villous maturity, increased syncytial knots and maternal vasculopathy. Existing pathology reports for these specimens from routine histology examinations conducted at the time of delivery were in substantial agreement with expert review for the presence of any subchorionitis/chorionitis/chorioamnionitis. In conclusion, considerable inter-rater agreement was observed for several relatively common and potentially important placental findings. Archived placental materials and pathology reports may be useful in retrospective studies.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1995

A rapid retrieval tool for operating on large, flat archive files.

Computer-aided sequencing and analysis facilities need to efficiently search flat archive files. Retrieval by e-mail or network server connections can become impractical in cases where large numbers of selected entries need to be accessed. Public versions of these archives can be retrieved via ftp and installed on a local hard disk as an alternative to network-based retrieval. After installation, a scheme is required for rapid access of the archive that is consistent with the other production needs of the sequencing facility. We have developed a retrieval system for entries inside a flat-file database. The system works for any flat-file database system such as those used in the public DNA and protein archives.

Animals↗
PubMed2023

EMPIAR: the Electron Microscopy Public Image Archive.

Public archiving in structural biology is well established with the Protein Data Bank (PDB; wwPDB.org) catering for atomic models and the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB; emdb-empiar.org) for 3D reconstructions from cryo-EM experiments. Even before the recent rapid growth in cryo-EM, there was an expressed community need for a public archive of image data from cryo-EM experiments for validation, software development, testing and training. Concomitantly, the proliferation of 3D imaging techniques for cells, tissues and organisms using volume EM (vEM) and X-ray tomography (XT) led to calls from these communities to publicly archive such data as well. EMPIAR (empiar.org) was developed as a public archive for raw cryo-EM image data and for 3D reconstructions from vEM and XT experiments and now comprises over a thousand entries totalling over 2 petabytes of data. EMPIAR resources include a deposition system, entry pages, facilities to search, visualize and download datasets, and a REST API for programmatic access to entry metadata. The success of EMPIAR also poses significant challenges for the future in dealing with the very fast growth in the volume of data and in enhancing its reusability.

Imaging, Three-Dimensional↗
PubMed2005

Detection of viral, bacterial, and parasitological RNA or DNA of nine intestinal pathogens in fecal samples archived as part of the english infectious intestinal disease study: assessment of the stability of target nucleic acid.

Fecal samples were collected from cases and controls as part of the Infectious Intestinal Disease (IID) study in England and were stored as frozen suspensions for 8 to 12 years. The purpose of this study was to apply PCR-based procedures to assess the stability of pathogen-specific nucleic acid sequences present in this archive. Samples from which Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Salmonella, Campylobacter, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC), enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens, rotaviruses, noroviruses, or sapoviruses had been previously detected during the IID study using conventional methods were selected from the archive. A generic nucleic acid extraction method to recover RNA or DNA was used. Complementary DNA was generated from RNA by reverse transcription with random priming. Block-based and real-time PCR assays were used to amplify and detect gene fragments from each of these pathogens. The percentage reconfirmation of target was as follows: Giardia duodenalis 68%, Cryptosporidium 96%, Campylobacter 98%, Salmonella 98%, enterotoxigenic C perfringens 34%, EAggEC 93.3%, rotavirus 95%, norovirus 73%, and sapovirus 85%. This study has shown that nucleic acid can be extracted and specific sequences amplified and detected from archived fecal samples. The IID archive therefore represents a valuable resource for further studies, especially the investigation of the samples from which no pathogens had previously been detected.

Cryopreservation↗
PubMed1992

Image archival technologies.

A typical radiology department can create many gigabytes of image data per day and as much as 1 terabyte of data per year. Archiving and accessing this much data are substantial problems. One solution is data compression, which decreases data storage requirements and increases the rate of data transfer; however, standards are not yet available. Other solutions involve improvements in archival media. Jukebox subsystems allow automated access to multiple units. Digital magnetic tape, the standard medium, can store large amounts of information and enables easy updates or replacements; more practical technologies have been introduced in recent years. Digital videotape allows storage of digital video data and features a high rate of data transfer. Optical disks, now the preferred permanent archival medium, have a large storage capacity and provide excellent long-term stability. Optical tape is also being investigated as a solution to the archiving dilemma. Which technology to choose depends on many factors, including needs of the institution and the cost, stability, transfer time, and storage capacity of the system.

Computer Storage Devices↗
PubMed1994

Digital archive system for radiologic images.

Use of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) for clinical review requires rapid access to patient images. The authors have developed a second-generation archive system for a departmental PACS that optimizes access time for both current and historical images. The system is based on a composite staging mechanism that uses multiple storage media: magnetic disks, erasable magneto-optical disks, and write-once-read-many (WORM) disks. A two-tiered communication network composed of a standard Ethernet network and a gigabit bandwidth fiberoptic UltraNet network is used for distributing images to remote display stations. The system currently archives 1.5 Gbytes of radiologic images daily from three magnetic resonance imagers, two computed tomographic scanners, one computed radiographic system, and one laser film digitizer. The system features (a) multiple optical drives and robotic arms, which support concurrent archival and retrieval operations; (b) a stacking mechanism, which provides fast retrieval of current images; (c) a pre-fetch mechanism, which minimizes on-line image retrieval, hence relieving peak-hour workload of the optical disk library and the networks; (d) studies grouping and platter management, which optimize retrieval of a patient's images from multiple examinations; and (e) a job-prioritizing control, which minimizes waiting time for radiologists and referring physicians to review images at the display stations. This system is suitable for a large-scale PACS to serve the clinical and research staff.

Radiology Information Systems↗
PubMed1986

Review of optical storage technology for archiving digital medical images.

Digital optical recording (DOR) is a data-acquisition and storage technology important to the development of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). DOR offers attractive advantages in high-density, low-cost archival storage of images and other information. At present, film is used as the storage medium for archiving images generated by both conventional equipment and digital technologies such as computed tomography, digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear medicine. The basic methods of DOR data storage are discussed together with requirements essential for making DOR an acceptable alternative to film archiving. The impact of DOR technology on the operation of an imaging department is projected.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Operational radiologic image archive on digital optical disks.

A digital optical disk archive for storage of computed radiographic, computed tomographic, magnetic resonance, ultrasonographic, and digitized film radiographic images was installed. In the system, digital images enter a minicomputer, are temporarily stored on magnetic disks, and are archived onto write-once read-many optical disks at their full resolution. A pictorial index of minified images is maintained for each patient. After 8 months of operation, 49,400 megabytes of images had been retained on 19 optical disks stored, after January 1987, in a mechanical jukebox-style optical disk library. The success rate for archival capture of images during the initial period was 96.6%. The failures were due to overfilling of the magnetic disk, a problem addressed through the addition of a second magnetic disk unit. There were no medium-related image errors during the early period. Problems resulting from the slow speed of optical disk systems were addressed operationally by initiating recall of a patient's archived images from the optical to the faster magnetic disk as soon as the system received a request to acquire a new image. Also, optical disk retrieval times are expected to improve with technologic development.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed2002

Attitudes of the Japanese public and doctors towards use of archived information and samples without informed consent: preliminary findings based on focus group interviews.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to explore laypersons' attitudes toward the use of archived (existing) materials such as medical records and biological samples and to compare them with the attitudes of physicians who are involved in medical research. METHODS: Three focus group interviews were conducted, in which seven Japanese male members of the general public, seven female members of the general public and seven physicians participated. RESULTS: It was revealed that the lay public expressed diverse attitudes towards the use of archived information and samples without informed consent. Protecting a subject's privacy, maintaining confidentiality, and communicating the outcomes of studies to research subjects were regarded as essential preconditions if researchers were to have access to archived information and samples used for research without the specific informed consent of the subjects who provided the material. Although participating physicians thought that some kind of prior permission from subjects was desirable, they pointed out the difficulties involved in obtaining individual informed consent in each case. CONCLUSIONS: The present preliminary study indicates that the lay public and medical professionals may have different attitudes towards the use of archived information and samples without specific informed consent. This hypothesis, however, is derived from our focus groups interviews, and requires validation through research using a larger sample.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Gene expression analysis in sections and tissue microarrays of archival tissues by mRNA in situ hybridization.

Altered expression of genes in diseased tissues can prognosticate a distinct natural progression of the disease as well as predict sensitivity or resistance to particular therapies. Archival tissues from patients with a known medical history and treatments are an invaluable resource to validate the utility of candidate genes for prognosis and prediction of therapy outcomes. However, stored tissues with associated long-term follow-up information typically are formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimen and this can severely restrict the methods applicable for gene expression analysis. We report here on the utility of tissue microarrays (TMAs) that use valuable tissues sparingly and provide a platform for simultaneous analysis of gene expression in several hundred samples. In particular, we describe a stable method applicable to mRNA expression screening in such archival tissues. TMAs are constructed from sections of small drill cores, taken from tissue blocks of archival tissues and multiple samples can thus be arranged on a single microscope slide. We used mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) on >500 full sections and >100 TMAs for >10 different cDNAs that yielded >10,000 data points. We provide detailed experimental protocols that can be implemented without major hurdles in a molecular pathology laboratory and discuss quantitative analysis and the advantages and limitations of ISH. We conclude that gene expression analysis in archival tissues by ISH is reliable and particularly useful when no protein detection methods are available for a candidate gene.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Technology and archives in radiology research: a sampling analysis of articles published in the AJR and Radiology. American Journal of Roentgenology.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the use of advanced technology and archiving and the contribution of countries other than United States in the articles published in the American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR) and Radiology. We analyzed the association of these features with the type of research, the main technical features of the modalities used, and the countries of origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined the proportion of articles published in 18 randomly selected issues of the AJR and Radiology that required advanced imaging techniques and relied on the analysis of archived data. "Advanced technology" was defined as imaging techniques that serve a purpose other than simple anatomic imaging or that are not widely available because of the high cost of the technology, such as functional imaging and computer programming designed for an individual study or simulation studies. We analyzed the association of these features with the country of origin, the topic, and the methodology used. RESULTS: Sixteen percent of the studies required advanced technology. MR imaging, CT, and sonography were the most frequently used modalities (31%, 27%, and 15% of studies, respectively). Archiving was used in 37% of the studies, and 67% of the original articles were prospective. The articles most commonly originated in North America (67%), Europe (20%), and Asia (12%). CONCLUSION: Only a small percentage of published research studies required advanced technology and approximately one third of the studies used archiving. These results may suggest that other criteria, such as the design of the study, its relevance for daily clinical use, and the originality of the paper, have a major impact on the acceptance of papers in clinically oriented radiology journals.

Periodicals as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polymerase chain reaction facilitates archival autopsy studies of sickle cell disease.

Archival autopsy studies of sickle cell disease have often been hampered by inadequate documentation of the genotype. Although the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been applied to the prenatal diagnosis of sickle cell disease, its use has not been reported in archival studies of sickle cell disease. In this study, DNAs from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues were amplified by PCR and analyzed by dot-blot hybridization using allele-specific oligonucleotides. These S and C genotypes for 9 of 10 archival specimens studied blindly were correctly identified by PCR. The tenth specimen consistently failed to amplify by PCR, yielding no result. These data demonstrate the utility of PCR for retrospective identification of the genotype of sickle cell disease. This application of PCR will significantly expand the number of autopsy cases suitable for retrospective studies of the morbidity and mortality of sickle cell disease.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1998

On stepwise integrating an electronic patient record based on digital-optical archiving and multi-purpose health professional workstations: experiences at the Heidelberg University Hospital.

At the Heidelberg University Hospital the conventional paper-based medical record is currently being replaced by a "unique" electronic patient record (EPR). This paper describes the stepwise integration of an EPR based on digital-optical archiving and multi-purpose health professional workstations. If focuses on the potentials of digital optical archiving as an integral part of hospital information systems. So far, the EPR has been introduced in the central archive of the "head clinic", the Neurosurgical Clinic and the inpatient archive, the endoscopy and sonography section of the Department of Internal Medicine.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2000

[Simultaneous query and retrieve from multiple DICOM image archives using a proxy server].

PURPOSE: DICOM clients could not access more than one archive simultaneously in the previous PACS systems. We developed a proxy server which makes it possible for clients to query and retrieve images from multivendor DICOM archives simultaneously. METHODS: We used a Web server that supports the DICOM query and retrieve(Q/R) service class as a proxy server. This system consisted of two DICOM servers and six DICOM clients of different vendors in the Radiology Department. Through Web browsers on the clients, requests for Q/R were transmitted to the proxy server by hypertext transfer protocol. The proxy server communicated with DICOM servers by DICOM Q/R Service Class(C-FIND, C-MOVE), and then DICOM servers directly transmitted images to DICOM clients by DICOM Storage Service Class(C-STORE). RESULTS: DICOM clients could transmit Q/R requests to two DICOM servers simultaneously via the proxy server and receive requested images promptly. Confirmation of conformance among the proxy server, DICOM archives, and DICOM clients became much easier than previously. CONCLUSION: A Web server working as a proxy server of the DICOM Q/R Service Class is an effective solution for allowing DICOM clients to communicate with multiple DICOM archives.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1999

[What your personal archive should contain. Practical suggestions for the young (and not so young) researcher].

In science it is indispensable to be able to organise knowledge. It is a prerequisite of efficient scientific research to have also a good system of filing and organisation for relevant documents. This means that the researcher must be able to identify and properly file--right from the start of his or her career--all documentation and records which will also be useful to future research. This paper contains a number of practical recommendations on how to establish and maintain the scientist's personal archive; how to classify and select documents; and how to archive them in a way which allows for easy retrieval. The aim of this paper is to eliminate all errors and omissions, as subsequent rectification can be laborious and time consuming. Documents are arranged beginning with those which are important for the researcher as an employee (representing his personal portfolio) and are followed by documents attesting to his scientific competence and experimental skills (presentations at conferences, published papers, teaching activities, grant projects, etc.). It is important and useful to conduct an occasional review of one's personal archive, to update and revise some documents, and to discard others. A change of employment or affiliation usually presents a good opportunity for such a review. An archive which is systematically maintained throughout a researcher's career is a valuable source of objective personal reminiscences and reviews of scientific development.

Documentation↗