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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Intestinal antisepsis.

The role of antibiotics in large bowel surgery was established by experimental studies indicating that antibiotics could protect a colonic anastomosis subjected to unusual stress. A number of different agents were studied to patients to determine which ones significantly altered the bacterial flora of the colon. Clinical studies were conducted with the agent of choice on the basis of these results. This paper describes a program for preparing patients for elective surgery of the colon.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Safety and impact of chlorhexidine antisepsis interventions for improving neonatal health in developing countries.

Affordable, efficacious, and safe interventions to prevent infections and improve neonatal survival in low-resource settings are needed. Chlorhexidine is a broad-spectrum antiseptic that has been used extensively for many decades in hospital and other clinical settings. It has also been given as maternal vaginal lavage, full-body newborn skin cleansing, and/or umbilical cord cleansing to prevent infection in neonates. Recent evidence suggests that these chlorhexidine interventions may have significant public health impact on the burden of neonatal infection and mortality in developing countries. This review examines the available data from randomized and nonrandomized studies of chlorhexidine cleansing, with a primary focus on potential uses in low-resource settings. Safety issues related to chlorhexidine use in newborns are reviewed, and future research priorities for chlorhexidine interventions for neonatal health in developing countries are discussed. We conclude that maternal vaginal cleansing combined with newborn skin cleansing could reduce neonatal infections and mortality in hospitals of sub-Saharan Africa, but the individual impact of these interventions must be determined, particularly in community settings. There is evidence for a protective benefit of newborn skin and umbilical cord cleansing with chlorhexidine in the community in south Asia. Effectiveness trials in that region are required to address the feasibility of community-based delivery methods such as incorporating these interventions into clean birth kits or training programs for minimally skilled delivery assistants or family members. Efficacy trials for all chlorhexidine interventions are needed in low-resource settings in Africa, and the benefit of maternal vaginal cleansing beyond that provided by newborn skin cleansing needs to be determined.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of chlorhexidine and tincture of iodine for skin antisepsis in preparation for blood sample collection.

Rates of contamination of blood cultures obtained when skin was prepared with iodine tincture versus chlorhexidine were compared. For iodine tincture, the contamination rate was 2.7%; for chlorhexidine, it was 3.1%. The 0.41% difference is not statistically significant. Chlorhexidine has comparable effectiveness and is safer, cheaper, and preferred by staff, so it is an alternative to iodine tincture.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2002

Keynote lecture: perspective of infection control and prevention in hospitals-importance of antisepsis.

Since the end of the 20th century, precautions of hospital infection have been re-evaluated with rationalization. Evidence-based precautions are proposed to be discussed. Problems of hospital infection in the early 21st century are highlighted as follows: (1) infections in compromised patients; (2) emergence of resistant bacteria; (3) terminal infection; (4) bloodborne virus infection; (5) neonatal infections; (6) emerging and re-emerging diseases. In the near future, it will be possible to lower the hospital infection rate by increasing medical in place of surgical treatments, the development of low invasive surgeries and/or progress of immunotherapy instead of chemotherapy. Strategies for hospital infection control and prevention in the early 21st century are based on evidence-based precautions, effective organization, accurate surveillance, compliance of precautions, risk management, outcome evaluation and feedback, economical evaluation, sterility assurance and peer review for these strategies.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed1990

Effect of postmilking teat antisepsis on teat canal infections in lactating dairy cows.

Effects of a .18% iodophor teat dip and a fatty acid plus lactic acid teat dip on teat canal infections were studied in two separate trials under experimental challenge procedures using Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. The iodophor teat dip was 90% effective in preventing new S. aureus teat canal infections and 95.6% effective in reducing progression of S. aureus teat canal infections to intramammary infections. The dip also reduced persistence of S. aureus teat canal colonizations from week to week by 94.4%. The fatty acid plus lactic acid dip had no effect on preventing S. aureus teat canal infections but reduced progression of S. aureus teat canal infections to intramammary infections by 43.8%. The fatty acid plus lactic acid dip also reduced the persistence of S. aureus teat canal infections by 39%. An insufficient number of Strep. agalactiae teat canal infections was detected in both trials for valid analyses. Neither dip had any effect on prevalence of naturally occurring, coagulase-negative staphylococcal teat canal infections or on teat canal infections by other organisms.

Animals↗