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PubMed1984

[Population distribution in Algeria: inertia and change].

"This study is an attempt to measure the meaning of the inter-regional movements of population in Algeria during a long period of time (1897-1977). As in the whole of the Mediterranean countries, these movements have resulted in rebalancing the differences in density between mountains and plains. Nevertheless, as a result of demographic growth, the population in the mountains is much denser than it was in 1897. And the populations moving from the mountains have not settled equally in the different types of plains: coastal plains, and amongst them chiefly Algiers, received most of it." (summary in ENG, GER)

Africa↗
PubMed2001

Comparative efficacy of five herbicides on winter cereal weeds in semi-arid region of Algeria.

Field chemical control trials on cereal weeds were conducted in the Sétif region (north-east of Algeria), using five herbicides. The most abundant weeds were Fumaria densiflora DC., Veronica cymbalaria Bodard, Vaccaria pyramidata Medik, and Papaver rhoeas L.. The herbicides applied at the end-tillering stage of wheat were bromoxynil + diclofop-methyl, flamprop-isopropyl + MCPA, 2,4-D ester, diclofop-methyl and tribenuron-methyl. Compared to the untreated control, they increased grain yield by 359, 294, 216, 174 and 417 kg ha-1, respectively. These results showed the importance of the chemical control, which is applied in the Sétif region on less than 5% of the total surface of cereals.

Algeria↗
PubMed1992

[Epidemiology of salmonella infections in Algeria. Evolution of the salmonella serovars isolated from 1986 to 1990].

The serovars evolution of 3340 Salmonella strains isolated from 1986 to 1990 in Algeria have been studied. Among Salmonella responsible for typhoid-paratyphoid fevers, 98% are S. typhi; the prevalence of this serovar is observed every year. Among the other Salmonella, 50 different serovars have been isolated from 1986 to 1990. The predominant serovars change every year but 98% out of the total belong to 8 groups of Kauffmann White scheme; the most frequent are: groups O: 6, 7-O: 8-O: 4 and O: 9.

Algeria↗
PubMed1992

[1st isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica in Algeria].

Yersinia enterocolitica has been researched in 200 samples of human stools, 40 animals excrements, 38 specimens of soils and 46 of water; the microorganism has been recovered in respectively 3.5%, 10%, 10.5% and 26% out of the total of samples examined; the strains isolated belong to different Wauter's biotype scheme but the biotype 1 is the most predominant except in soil samples. None of biotype 2 and 4, admitted to be adapted to man, has been isolated from human stools. We think that the notion of adaptation of a given biotype to a given host must be reviewed. These data, although they demonstrate the existence of yersinia enterocolitica in Algeria, because of the small number of samples examined, do not reflect exactly the real incidence of the infection caused by this microorganism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The reappearance of chancroid in Algeria].

After 35 observations of the chancroid observed in the department of dermato-venereology of the University Hospital of Tlemcen (West Algeria) from August 1988 to December 1991, we are led to analyze the flare of this sexual transmitted disease. The principal affected subjects are single male no older than 30 years, having had sexual intercourse with prostitutes (30/35). Less than 10 days (19/29) after the sexual contacts, the ulcer appears, and most often unique (25/35), mildly painful, accompanied frequently by adenopathies (31/35). The contamination took place mainly in Bel Abbès--city located at 90 km from Tlemcen--(12 cases), in Tlemcen (4 cases) and Morocco (5 cases). The treatment based on sulfonamides, erythromycin and tetracycline or doxycycline, has been constantly efficient. No concomitant HIV infection has been revealed. The chancroid is the first STD observed in our department in 1991, and also, the first cause for genital ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Numbers of doctors and medical training:the situation in a medical school in Algeria].

In 1962, at the Independence, there were in Algeria about 500 medical doctors to take care of a population of 10 million. The situation has slowly improved later on. Nowadays, there are 45,000 medical doctors in the country (26,700 in the public sector and 18,300 in the private sector) i.e. more than 1 medical doctor per 1,000 population. However, the improvement has been more apparent than effective. The geographic distribution of physicians evidences a profound shortage in the rural areas and small cities. An opinion survey conducted on the medical students at the medical school of Oran shows a deep gap between the contents of their training and the real needs of the population.

Algeria↗
PubMed1992

[Indoor and outdoor nebulization of DDT in the campaign against cutaneous zoonotic leishmaniasis in Algeria].

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is expanding in certain regions of Algeria. Since 1981, when the disease was confined to the foci of Biskra and Abadla, it spread to the neighbouring departments (wilayas) and especially to the wilaya of M'sila. The authors report the results of a large campaign against the disease, using DDT house spraying, in this wilaya. The annual incidence, which was 426 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in January 1983, dropped to 17.9 in January 1984. In addition, the efficacy of DDT in the reduction of the sandfly population was tested in two localities. One was sprayed with DDT and the other was not. In the sprayed locality the sandfly population decreased markedly as compared to the control locality. From these observations the authors believe that DDT plays a major role in the interruption of transmission, a hypothesis which needs to be confirmed by case-control studies. They further recommend that an interdisciplinary approach should be developed for the control of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Factitious lithiasis: Case report from Western Algeria].

A 19-year-old woman with recurrent lithiasis was admitted to the urology department for renal colic. Although radiologic examinations and laboratory tests were negative, the patient regularly brought into consultations small "stones", resembling gravel, that she said had been spontaneously expelled. These 42 samples were the object of a preliminary morphological analysis under a binocular magnifier to detect their particulate components. A non-metabolic origin was suspected from the organoleptic characteristics of their surfaces and sections. In view of the diversity of the materials of these apparently false calculi, methods of precise physical analysis were necessary to ascertain their exact origin and thereby confirm the diagnosis of factitious lithiasis. The use of two methods of physical analysis, infrared spectrophotometry and x-ray diffraction, enabled us to determine their exact chemical and mineralogical composition. The samples claimed to be of urinary origin actually consisted of exogenous products of various compositions. Some samples were made of pure calcite, others of mixed calcite and silicates. Moreover several samples of the patient's first morning urine showed no correlation between the nature of the crystalluria and the composition of these stones. These tests made it possible to direct the clinician towards useful complementary investigations. This strange case represents 0.1% of the urinary calculi analysed in Western Algeria.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Characterization of Pseudomonas pathovars isolated from rosaceous fruit trees in East Algeria.

A survey of bacterial diseases due to Pseudomonas on rosaceous fruit trees was conducted. In forty two orchards located in the Constantine region ( East Algeria). Pseudomonas isolates were identified on the bases of their cultural and biochemical characteristics . A total of fifty nine phytopathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased pome and stone fruit trees. Thirty one strains comparable to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae were isolated from cherry (Prunus avium L.), plum (P. domestica L.), apricot (P. armeniaca L.), almond (P. dulcis L.) and pear trees (Pirus communis L.); sixteen strains comparable to Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum were obtained from samples of cherry and plum. Twelve strains of Pseudomonas viridiflava were isolated from cherry, apricot and peach (Prunus persica L.).

Algeria↗
PubMed2004

Results of screening greenhouse and int vitro behaviour to evaluate some durum wiieat varieties and their F5 descendents selected in algeria for resistance to Septoria tritici.

15 genotypes of durum wheat, composed of 5 parental varities and 10 F5 lines selected in Algeria, were studied for evaluating thein behaviour to Septoria tritici Two trials were realised: one under green house conditions, where seedlings were inoculated artificially with Septoria tritici suspension, and another under in vitro conditions where detached leaves where also inoculated. Among this range of varieties, some genotypes were tolerant, others susceptible and others showed rather reactions between tolerant and susceptible. Tolerant genotypes presented a low number of necrosis in the green house trial and a reduced lesion size on the in vitro infected tissu. On the contrary. sucseptible genotypes showed a high necrosis number and an important lesion size on their detached leaves. Some observations, during the experimentation, permitted to underline the important limiting effect that could impose some biotic and abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity and age of plant tissue) to the pathogen development, reported by other studies before, In comparision with other investigations, varieties which were reported to be resistant or susceptible had confirmed their reactions in our study, it will be interesting to include them into a primary range of varieties for use to study the fungus Septoria tritici.

Algeria↗
PubMed2006

First molecular detection of Rickettsia felis in fleas from Algeria.

Fleas collected in Algeria in the district of Oran between July and September 2003 were tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of Rickettsia spp. DNA using primers amplifying gltA and OmpA genes. Two gltA sequences identical to those of an emerging pathogen, Rickettsia felis, were detected including i) R. felis California 2 in Ctenocephalides canis from rodents and ii) R. felis RF2125 in Archeopsylla erinacei from hedgehogs.

Algeria↗
PubMed2006

[Outsourced real-time PCR diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the outbreak region of Constatine, Algeria].

Taking into account the re-emergence of leishmaniasis in the world, the geographic variability of its epidemiology and the growing numbers of travellers, a pilot study on the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was undertaken in Constatine, one of the outbreak regions in eastern Algeria. A total of 143 specimens were collected on blotters and tested by real-time PCR. Results were compared with those of direct examination. Diagnosis was positive for leishmaniasis in 81% of cases using PCR versus 48% of cases using microscopy. Real-time PCR showed a significant quantitative difference between patients for whom microscopic diagnosis was positive and those for whom direct examination was negative. The results presented in this study demonstrated the effectiveness and sensitivity of PCR in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis from blotter specimens. This technique enabled in-field collection of specimens from each patient and provided prompt results. North-South cooperation based on the use of simple means for transmission of specimens for molecular diagnosis allowed creation of an effective partnership for daily diagnosis and promoted exchange between investigators in preparation for technology transfer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[First report of a human case of trichinellosis due to Trichinella britovi after jackal (Canis aureus) meat consumption in Algeria].

We report a single case of trichinellosis contracted in Algeria (Batna region), in a practising Moslim. Shortly after returning to France in November 2004, the patient developed the typical clinical and biological signs of the disease. Although the patient claimed having only eaten mutton, an unusual host for Trichinella, a meticulous investigation revealed that he also had eaten a grilled leg of jackal (Canis aureus). One of the four Trichinella larvae detected in a muscular biopsy enabled us to identify the parasite as Trichinella britovi by a multiplex PCR analysis. This is the first identification of the etiological agent of sylvatic trichinellosis occurring in North Africa and the first case of symptomatic trichinellosis due to jackal meat consumption in Africa.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of blood parasites in cattle from wilayates of Annaba and El Tarf east Algeria.

Between June and September 2002, a preliminary study was conducted to assess the prevalence of blood parasites of cattle in eastern Algeria. Fifty-four bovines of different genotypes were submitted to clinical examination. From each animal, blood smears were made and stained by Giemsa. Four species of parasites, namely Theileria annulata, T. orientalis, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale were encountered. Fifty animals carried single or multiple infections with blood parasites and four were found negative. The rate of single infections (72.3%, n = 39) was almost three times higher than multiple infections (20.3%, n = 11). The high percentage of single infections was recorded with T. annulata (53.7%). However single infection with Anaplasma marginale (7.4 %), B. bovis (5.6%) and T orientalis (5.6%) were very low compared to T. annulata infection. The rates of mixed infection were as follows: T. annulata/A. marginale 9.3%, T. annulata/T. orientalis 5.6%, A. marginale/T. orientalis 3.7% and B. bovis/A. marginale 1.9%.

Algeria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of bovine and human brucellosis in western Algeria: comparison of screening tests.

A serological study was carried out in Tiaret province in western Algeria on 1032 cows distributed in 95 flocks to estimate the prevalence of Brucella infection and to compare the sensitivity and specificity of a range of agglutination tests. Screening tests showed 31.5% of herds positive using the buffered plate antigen test and 26.3% using the rose Bengal test compared with 15.7% with the complement fixation test. Using the complement fixation test as the gold standard for confirmatory tests, the Rivanol test was found to be more sensitive but less specific than tube agglutination in detecting brucellosis infection. Three isolates were identified from 105 blood samples from humans with brucellosis and 50 samples of milk and tissues from infected cows and they were all Brucella melitensis biovar 3.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of asthma in a region of Algeria.

In 1984-85 an epidemiological survey on asthma was carried out on a representative population sample in the "Daira de Chéraga" region in Algeria. It had two objectives: to estimate the prevalence of asthma and to describe its epidemiological pattern. The study was divided into two parts: the first was a household survey based on a questionnaire and the second, another interview at hospital, with clinical examination and pulmonary function tests with pharmacodynamic tests. The cumulative prevalence of respiratory symptoms was 2.38%. The cumulative prevalence of asthma was 1.34% and the annual prevalence 1.21%. Asthma was more prevalent in boys than girls aged under 20 years (sex ratio = 2.66) with an equal proportion after age 20 years. Asthma most often occurred in childhood in males and at an adult age in females. In 40% of cases there were family antecedents of asthma. It is impossible to extrapolate these results to the entire country and the existence of regional disparities pleads in favour of further research in this field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The sandflies of Algeria.

Twenty-two species of sandflies are known to be present in Algeria: 12 Phlebotomus and 10 Sergentomyia. Each species has its own ecological distribution except in the mountains of the central Sahara where both Mediterranean species and species of the Ethiopian zoo-geographical area occur together. Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. papatasi are the proven vectors of Leishmania infantum visceral leishmaniasis and L. major cutaneous leishmaniasis respectively.

Algeria↗