Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “thyroiditis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Serum free thyroid hormones in different degrees of hypothyroidism and in euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis.

Serum total and free T4 and T3, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and TSH, basal and 20, 30 and 60 min after TRH (200 micrograms, iv), were evaluated in 125 hypothyroid patients (38 with severe, 23 with mild, and 64 with subclinical hypothyroidism), in 35 euthyroid subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis, and in 51 healthy controls. T4/TBG and T3/TBG ratios were also calculated. A significant decrease in all indices of thyroid function except for T3 occurred simultaneously with a significant increase in basal and TRH-stimulated TSH levels from healthy subjects to subclinical hypothyroids, from subclinical to mild and from mild to severe hypothyroids; euthyroid patients with autoimmune thyroiditis did not differ from healthy subjects. All severe hypothyroid patients had low T4 as well as free T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3), T4/TBG and T3/TBG ratios, but among mild and subclinical hypothyroids direct determination of FT4 and FT3 proved to be a better index of thyroid function than determination of T4 and T3 even after correction for TBG levels. FT4 was the most commonly abnormal index (19 of 23 subjects with mild and 14 of 64 with subclinical disease). Regression analysis showed that FT4, T4/TBG ratio, T4, and FT3 had a significant inverse correlation with TSH in hypothyroid patients. Discriminant analysis showed that among the thyroid parameters, FT4 is the variable which discriminates best between control subjects and the 3 groups of hypothyroid patients. These data extend previous reports and in a large series of patients confirm the biological meaning and the clinical value of direct measurement of serum free thyroid hormones in hypothyroidism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Thyroid peroxidase is the organ-specific 'microsomal' autoantigen involved in thyroid autoimmunity.

Autoantibodies (aAb) in serum of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are directed to an antigen associated with thyroid microsomes. Although it has been investigated over almost three decades, the nature of this autoantigen remained unknown. Taking advantage of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) produced in our laboratory, we have demonstrated that thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is the 'microsomal' antigen. Sera of patients with AITD strongly inhibited the binding of only one of 19 mAb raised against human thyroid plasma membranes. This mAb did not react with thyroglobulin but achieved significant binding to preparations of human, bovine and porcine TPO, bovine lactoperoxidase and human myeloperoxidase without altering the enzyme activity. The mAb has been used to immunopurify the human TPO from solubilized thyroid microsomes. The procedure allowed high purification (approximately 3500-fold) of the native enzyme with a reasonable yield (approximately 10 mg TPO/kg thyroid tissue). Human TPO exhibited a specific activity of 350-400 guaiacol U/mg, a peak in the Soret region and a ratio of A411 nm to A280 nm of 0.20-0.25. Upon SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified enzyme gave two contiguous bands in the 100 kDa region. Performed in non-reducing conditions, electrophoresis of TPO showed one band in the same 100 kDa region. Sera with aAb to the microsomal antigen immunoprecipitated purified TPO to an extent ranging from 80 to 100% of the initial enzyme amount while sera from normal subjects or from patients with undectable level of anti-microsomal aAb elicit a decrease of less than 30% of the total TPO activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1995

Identification of the thyroid Na+/I- cotransporter as a potential autoantigen in thyroid autoimmune disease.

The thyroid gland is the target of several autoimmune diseases. Specific thyroid proteins have been identified as autoantigens associated with these diseases (e.g. thyroperoxidase, thyroglobulin and the thyrotrophin (TSH) receptor). In this paper, we report that the serum of a patient suffering from Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune gastritis and rheumatoid arthritis was able to inhibit the chronic TSH-induced I- uptake of dog thyrocytes in culture, even at a 1:1000-fold dilution, without affecting their 86Rb+ uptake. This blocking activity is rare as 147 sera (from patients positive for antibodies to the thyroid microsomes and the gastric parietal cell antigen, patients with Sjögren's syndrome, patients with a high titre of microsomal antibodies and low or negative for antibodies to thyroperoxidase, and patients with a high titre of microsomal antibodies and frank hypothyroidism) were negative when tested for their ability to inhibit I- uptake. Subsequently we tested 20 murine monoclonal antibodies previously obtained by immunizing mice with a crude human thyroid membrane preparation, which were all negative when tested against thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase. One of the monoclonal antibodies displayed a 50% inhibition of the chronic TSH-induced 125I- uptake of dog thyrocytes without affecting the 86Rb+ uptake of the cells. Immunoglobulins purified from the ascite fluid by affinity chromatography on a protein A cellulose column had the same characteristics. Taken together, the data suggest that thyroidal 125I- uptake can be inhibited by antibodies, that autoantibodies in the patient's serum are most probably responsible for the observed inhibition and therefore that the Na+/I- cotransporter is probably an autoantigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of human thyroid-stimulating hormone and immunoglobulins on adenylate cyclase activity and the accumulation of cyclic AMP in human thyroid membranes and slices.

The activation of adenylate cyclase and the accumulation of cyclic AMP resulting from the action of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) or LATS-protector (LATS-P) have been investigated in preparations of human thyroid membranes and slices. Human TSH significantly increased adenylate cyclase activity in membranes from non-toxic goitres whereas LATS and LATS-P had no consistent effect. However, pre-incubation of goitrous membranes with LATS--immunoglobulin G inhibited the effect of TSH on adenylate cyclase. When thyroid membranes were prepared from the glands of patients with Graves's disease neither TSH nor thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIg) stimulated adenylate cyclase significantly. Whether from non-toxic goitres or thyrotoxic tissue, the concentration of TSH needed to induce half of the maximum response was lower in thyroid slices than in membranes. Both LATS and LATS-P significantly stimulated the accumulation of cyclic AMP in slices of goitrous tissue but thyrotoxic tissue slices did not respond. In goitrous slices, submaximum concentrations of TSH and TSIg caused additive responses in the accumulation of cyclic AMP but TSIg did not increase the maximum response to TSH.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1984

Use of the perifusion technique on rat thyroid fragments in the study of thyroid hormone secretion: short-term effects of thyrotrophin, theophylline and glucagon.

Perifusion of rat thyroid fragments was performed to study short-term effects of TSH, theophylline and glucagon on thyroid hormone secretion. This technique proved to be relatively convenient and sensitive, and gave reproducible results for at least 3 h, permitting precise kinetic studies of response to hormonal and pharmacological agents without any interference. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) linear correlation between the log TSH concentrations over the range 20-150 mu./ml and thyroid response. A second stimulation, using the same concentration of TSH, did not differ from the first stimulation if they were separated by an active 'washing' period of only 15 min. Theophylline also had a stimulating effect and like TSH induced an early release of the hormone fraction with a peak between 2 and 4 min, but it did not potentiate the TSH effect. Perifusion of rat thyroid fragments was found to be a useful tool for analysing dynamic effects of various substances. These effects were significant for periods of time as short as 20 min. Each thyroid preparation could be used a second time for another pharmacological or hormonal test. Our preliminary results also suggested that there was a direct glucagon effect on thyroid hormone secretion with a dose-response correlation.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effects of kojic acid on thyroidal functions in rats by single-dose administration and in cultured rat thyroid cells (FRTL-5 cells).

The effects of kojic acid (KA) on thyroidal function were studied by single-dose administration in rats and in cultured rat thyroid cells (FRTL-5 cells). In rats receiving a single dose of 1,000 mg/kg KA orally, the 125I uptake from blood into the thyroid gland was significantly lower than that of the control group from 30 min to 24 hr after administration. The 125I organification activity of the KA groups was significantly lower than control from 30 min to 6 hr after administration. However, the 125I organification activity at 24 hr or 48 hr after administration recovered enough to be nearly comparable with the control group. In the study in FRTL-5 cells, KA inhibited iodine organification dose-dependently, but did not inhibit iodine uptake. These results suggest that the observed lower iodine uptake activity in the single-dose administration study in rats was due to the inhibition of iodine organification caused by the oral administration of KA, consequently decreasing iodine in the entire thyroid gland. Although serum T4 showed a tendency to decrease from 2 hr to 48 hr after administration of KA, serum TSH did not show any evident change associated with KA in the single-dose administration study in rats. Based on these results, it is presumed that a massive dose or long administration period might be needed to decrease serum T4 and increase serum TSH. From these results, it is presumed that KA affected thyroidal function when given at a massive dose or in a long administration period by inhibiting iodine organification in the thyroid.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Efficacy of sonographically guided percutaneous ethanol injection for treatment of thyroid cysts versus solid thyroid nodules.

OBJECTIVE: Sonographically guided percutaneous ethanol injection has been recently proposed as a treatment for nonfunctioning benign thyroid nodules such as cysts or solid nodules. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of ethanol injection in thyroid cysts and solid nodules. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 20 patients with simple or complex thyroid cysts and 22 patients with solid thyroid nodules. All lesions were confirmed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy to be benign. The mean volume of the instilled absolute ethanol (99.9%) was 62.2% of the whole tumor volume for solid nodules and 63.4% of the cystic volume for cysts. Follow-up sonography was performed 1-6 months (mean, 4.4 months for cysts and 4.6 months for solid nodules) after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean volume reduction rate for cysts (65%) was greater than that for solid nodules (38.3%) (p < 0.01, Student's t test). The volume of the instilled ethanol correlated significantly with the volume reduction rate of cysts but not with that of solid nodules (p < 0.01, Student's t test). CONCLUSION: Sonographically guided percutaneous ethanol injection is more effective for thyroid cysts than for solid thyroid nodules.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1975

T3 release from thyroid slices as an assay for thyroid stimulators.

A new in vitro bioassay for thyroid stimulators is described. The method is based on radioimmunological measurement of triiodothyronine (T3) release from thyroid slices. Small thyroid slices were cut from several porcine thyroids. The slices were pooled in incubation vessels. The stimulating effect of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), bovine TSH, and serum from a patient with Grave's disease was investigated. After 3 hr the T3 concentration was significantly higher in the vessels containing the thyroid stimulators than in the control vessels. For maximal sensitivity 16 hr of incubation was used in the assay. Bovine TSH, human TSH, and serum from a patient with Grave's disease gave linear dose response curves in a log-log system. For bovine TSH the curve was linear from 5 to 125 muU/ml incubation medium. The dilution curves for bovine TSH and serum from a patient with Grave's disease were parallel. The dilution curve for human TSH was considerably steeper. In 5 assays the lambda values for the bovine TSH curves were 0.10-0.16 (mean, 0.12). In 3 assays the lambda values for the human TSH curves were 0.05-0.07.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Tissue specific binding of lymphocytes to the thyroid gland of BB/W rats may be an early event in the development of thyroiditis.

Thyroiditis occurs in about 50% of diabetic Bio Breeding/Worcester (BB/W) rats. In order to investigate the earliest stages of lymphocyte homing to the thyroid gland in the development of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis, we measured the amount of trapping of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from BB/W rats to the thyroid gland of syngeneic recipient animals. PBL, from donor normal or diabetic BB/W rats, labelled with 51Cr, were injected, i.v., into normal, "potentially diabetic" or diabetic BB/W recipients. After 24 hr the rats were sacrificed and the radioactivity of selected individual organs counted. Results were calculated as % binding of 51Cr-labelled PBL/unit weight of tissue and expressed as a binding index by comparing to binding to recipient blood lymphocytes. A significant binding index was taken as greater than 1.0. PBL from diabetic or normal donor BB/W rats were shown to bind significantly to the thyroid gland of 8 out of 19 "potentially diabetic" or diabetic recipient syngeneic rats, but to none of the normal (non diabetic) recipients tested. Sixty percent of "potentially diabetic" BB/W rats and 50% of diabetic rats at 3-4 months of age showed a significant level of binding of donor lymphocytes from syngeneic diabetic or normal animals to their thyroid gland, while, at 5-6 months the proportion of recipient rats giving positive tests was much less (17%). The source of the donor lymphocytes (diabetic, or normal) did not significantly influence the binding. Lymphocyte binding to pancreas was not significantly greater than to control tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Iodide induced lymphocytic thyroiditis in the BB/W rat: evidence of direct toxic effects of iodide on thyroid subcellular structure.

A high dietary iodine intake accelerates the development of lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) in the BB/W rat. Our previous studies have defined the temporal sequence of the immunological events triggered by excess iodide intake in these animals. It was still not clear, however, whether these observed immunological changes were a direct effect on immune effector cells, or whether they represented a secondary response to a toxic effect of iodine on thyroid tissue. In the present study, the effect of excessive iodine intake on the subcellular structure of the BB/W rat thyroid gland, particularly, whether iodide had a toxic effect independent of its immune response has been examined. BB/W rats were exposed, prenatally through maternal drinking water, to excessive iodide at two doses (Moderate 3 x 10(-6) M iodide/l; High 3 x 10(-3) M iodide/l); a third group of BB/W rats was given tap water; till 12 weeks postnatal age. Two groups of Wistar rats received high dose iodide water or tap water for the same period of time and served as controls. Thyroid gland ultrastructure was determined by electron microscopic (EM) examination. Thyroid 125I uptake and perchlorate discharge tests were also performed in separate experiments. We found that thyroid glands of non-iodine supplemented Wistar rats were morphlogically normal under EM. There were no overt changes in the iodide treated Wistar rats. By contrast, iodide treated BB/W rats exhibited marked accumulation of secondary lysosomes and lipid droplets; markedly swollen and disrupted mitochondria and extreme dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Immunocytochemical localisation of tumor necrosis factor alpha in thyroid tissues from patients with neoplastic or autoimmune thyroid disorders.

It is disputed to what extent tumor necrosis factor-alpha is present in the thyroid follicular epithelial cells and/or in the interstitial cells in different disorders of the thyroid gland. We describe the immunohistochemical detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha using formaldehyde fixed and paraffin embedded tissue and a polyclonal anti-serum with high tumor necrosis factor-alpha neutralising activity. We examined the distribution of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in interstitial cells and follicular epithelial cells in thyroid carcinomas, adenomas, non-toxic multinodular goiters and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was demonstrated in thyroid follicular epithelial cells, most frequently in non-toxic multinodular goiters (six of seven patients) and less frequently in adenomas (three of nine patients), papillary carcinomas (two of five patients), follicular carcinomas (one of five patients), Hashimoto's disease (one of six patients) and Grave's disease (one of seven patients). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha producing interstitial cells were found in two thirds of patients with all six thyroid diseases.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed2006

Roles of thyroid, adrenal and pancreatic hormones on thyroid activity of the soft-shelled turtles Lissemys punctata punctata Bonnoterre.

The effects of some exogenous peripheral hormones (thyroxine, corticosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine and insulin) on thyroid activity were investigated in juvenile female soft-shelled turtles, Lissemys punctata punctata. Each hormone was injected in three different doses (25 microg, 50 microg or 100 microg each per 100 g body weight, once daily at 9 AM) for 10 consecutive days. Thyroid activity was evaluated by gravimetry, histology (epithelial height) and thyroperoxidase assay. The findings revealed that thyroxine in low dose (25 microg) stimulated thyroid activity by increasing the relative thyroid weight, epithelial height and thyroperoxidase activity, but inhibited gland activity at a high dose (100 microg) by decreasing the values of all these parameters. The medium dose (50 microg) had no significant effect. All other hormones, in all doses, significantly decreased thyroid activity by decreasing the values of all the parameters. Thyroid responses to exogenous hormones are generally dose-dependent in turtles. The mechanisms of actions of the hormones administered are suggested.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2002

Inhibition of TGFbeta1 by anti-TGFbeta1 antibody or lisinopril reduces thyroid fibrosis in granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.

In this study, a murine model of granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (G-EAT) was used to determine the role of TGFbeta1 in fibrosis initiated by an autoimmune inflammatory response. The fibrotic process was evaluated by staining thyroid tissue for collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin, TGFbeta1, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and measuring serum thyroxine in mice given anti-TGFbeta1 or the ACE inhibitor lisinopril. The role of particular inflammatory cells in fibrosis was tested by depletion experiments, and the cytokine profile in thyroids was examined by RT-PCR. Neutralization of TGFbeta1 by anti-TGFbeta1 or lisinopril resulted in less collagen deposition and less accumulation of myofibroblasts, and levels of active TGFbeta1 and ACE were reduced in thyroids of treated mice compared with those of untreated controls. Other profibrotic molecules, such as platelet-derived growth factor, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and IL-13, were also reduced in thyroids of anti-TGFbeta1- and lisinopril-treated mice compared with those of controls. Confocal microscopy showed that CD4(+) T cells and macrophages expressed TGFbeta1. Fibrosis was reduced by injection of anti-CD4 mAb on day 12, when G-EAT was very severe (4-5+). Together, these results suggest a critical role for TGFbeta1 in fibrosis initiated by autoimmune-induced inflammation. Autoreactive CD4(+) T cells may contribute to thyroid fibrosis through production of TGFbeta1. This G-EAT model provides a new model to study how fibrosis associated with autoimmune damage can be inhibited.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid: comparison between thyroid palpation and ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the thyroid and compare our results with direct palpation versus ultrasound scanning (USS) in an area of endemic goiter in Italy. METHODS: We considered all patients submitted to ultrasound-guided FNAB of thyroid nodules during a 10-month period at our outpatient clinic and analyzed the following: (1) clinical data (number of nodules and identification of the nodule for FNAB); (2) USS data (number of nodules and identification of the nodule for FNAB on the basis of hypoechoic pattern + blurred perinodal halo + microcalcifications or intranodal color Doppler signal indicative of blood flow); (3) cytologic specimens, categorized as suspicious, malignant, negative, or nondiagnostic; and (4) histologic final report of the cytologically positive nodules. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 348 female and 72 male patients who underwent FNAB of the thyroid at our institution. Among the 140 patients with no palpable thyroid nodules, USS showed that 106 had a single nodule and 34 had multinodular goiters. Among the 182 patients with a single palpable thyroid nodule, USS revealed that 138 had a single nodule, 42 had a multinodular goiter, and 2 had lobe enlargement without detectable nodules. All 98 patients with multinodular palpable goiter had a similar pattern on USS. Of the 420 cytologic specimens, 46(11.0%) were positive for thyroid cancer, 313 (74.5%)were negative, and 61 (14.5%) were nondiagnostic. Histologic malignant growth was confirmed in 27 cytologically positive nodules. Of these histologically malignant nodules, 12 (45%) were nonpalpable, 9 (33%) were single palpable nodules, and 6 (22%) were from a nodule with a suspicious ultrasound pattern within a multinodular goiter. CONCLUSION: Manually guided FNAB is not feasible in nonpalpable nodules and not accurate in a multinodular goiter. Both situations are clinical challenges, and USS should be performed for accurate FNAB under these circumstances. Because 52% of histologically malignant nodules in our study were found only with the aid of ultrasound-guided FNAB, this procedure should be used where multinodular goiter is endemic. Our overall rate of nondiagnostic specimens was comparable to that reported in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Thyroid status and the levels of thyroid auto-antibodies in the sera of hyperthyroid and goitrous subjects.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of thyroid auto-antibodies in specimens sent to Parirenyatwa hospital laboratory for thyroid function testing and to compare the thyroid status of these patients with that of apparently healthy subjects. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SETTING: Immunology and radio-immunoassay laboratories, Parirenyatwa hospital, Department of Chemical Pathology, and Blood Transfusion Services, Harare. SUBJECTS: 212 blood samples submitted for thyroid function testing and 230 blood samples from apparently healthy blood donors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and thyroid auto-antibodies; anti microsomal (M Ab) and antithyroglobulin (Ag Ab) antibodies. RESULTS: The hyperthyroid subjects had median serum TSH level of 0.027 mIU/L (Q1 = 0.006, Q3 = 0.052), median serum FT3 level of 15.895 pmol/L (Q1 = 10.563; Q3 = 30.111), and a median serum FT4 level of 45.513 pmol/L (Q1 = 30.256; Q3 = 63.910). The goitrous subjects had median serum TSH level of 0.390 mIU/L (Q1 = 0.157; Q3 = 0.745). The blood donor group had median TSH value of 0.724 mIU/L (Q1 = 0.471; Q3 = 1.170). (Normal ranges: TSH = 0.167 to 2.80) Amerlite TSH-30 diagnostic kit; FT3 = 3.4 to 7.2 pmol/L; FT4 = 11 to 24 pmol/L) Amelex-MAB diagnostic kits) Thirty nine percent of the hyperthyroid subjects had either positive M Ab or Tg Ab or both. None of the goitrous subjects and the blood donors tested positive for neither M Ab, nor Tg Ab. No significant difference was found between the blood donors and the goitrous subjects for serum FT4 (P = 0.51). However, significant differences were found between the goitrous, the blood donor and the hyperthyroid groups with regards to serum TSH, serum FT4, and serum FT3 levels (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the occurrence of thyroid auto-antibodies among the blood donors and the goitrous population was uncommon, but high in the hyperthyroid subjects. The increase of iodine intake through iodine prophylaxis could have had the side effects of iodine induced hyperthyroidism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Cytokeratin 19 immunolocalization in cell block preparation of thyroid aspirates. An adjunct to fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

CONTEXT: Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 19 (CK-19) is a useful ancillary technique for diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma (papillary carcinoma) in histologic specimens. Although similar results have been obtained on aspirate smears, to our knowledge the utility of CK-19 immunolocalization in cell block preparations as an adjunct to fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of papillary carcinoma has not been examined. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether CK-19 immunostaining of cell block preparations of thyroid aspirates is a useful ancillary technique for diagnosing papillary carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a monoclonal antibody to CK-19 and a standard avidin-biotin complex technique, immunostaining was performed on paraffin-embedded cell blocks of 57 cases with the following cytologic diagnoses: (a) papillary carcinoma (20 cases); (b) atypical cytology, cannot exclude papillary carcinoma (19 cases); and (c) nonneoplastic thyroid (18 cases). The staining reaction in each case was graded on the basis of percentage of epithelial cells stained (1+, <10%; 2+, <10%-50%; 3+, >50). Tissue follow-up was available in all cases. RESULTS: Nineteen (95%) of 20 cases with an unequivocal diagnosis of papillary carcinoma were positive for CK-19 (3+). Tissue follow-up confirmed papillary carcinoma in all 20 cases. Of the 19 cases with a diagnosis of atypical cytology, cannot exclude papillary carcinoma, 7 (37%) cases displayed 3+ immunostaining and subsequent excision confirmed papillary carcinoma in all 7 cases. The remaining 12 cases with 1+ immunostaining included surgically confirmed goiter (6 cases), adenoma (2 cases), lymphocytic thyroiditis (3 cases), and papillary carcinoma (1 case). The follicular cells in 18 cases with a cytologic diagnosis of nonneoplastic thyroid showed 1+ immunostaining. Histologic follow-up of these cases confirmed the nonneoplastic cytologic diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Cytokeratin 19 immunostaining of cell block preparations of thyroid aspirates serves as a useful tool for the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma. Strong immunostaining (3+) for CK-19 aids in accurate diagnosis of malignancy in cytomorphologically equivocal cases of papillary carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2004

Massive thyroid tumoral embolism from a breast carcinoma presenting as acute thyroiditis.

We describe an unusual case of metastatic disease to the thyroid, characterized by massive intra-arterial embolization and clinical presentation as acute thyroiditis. The patient, a 37-year-old woman with a history of breast carcinoma, presented clinically with acute thyroiditis. No nodules were palpable, and fine-needle aspiration cytology of the left lobe was performed. It showed a pleomorphic carcinoma and was followed by total thyroidectomy. Histology disclosed a pleomorphic carcinoma diffusely affecting the thyroid gland. It was characterized by an extensive intra-arterial tumoral embolization. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the metastatic nature of the neoplasm. This is a very uncommon form of metastatic disease to the thyroid. The ischemia and necrosis associated with the embolic process were most probably responsible for this clinical presentation. This atypical clinical and cytologic presentation may induce confusion with a primary neoplasm, mainly anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: report of a rare case.

As only eight cases have been previously reported in the literature, plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid gland is a rare entity. This condition can be confused with a benign or malignant neoplastic thyroid process. In this article, we describe a new case of plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid gland that occurred in a 46-year-old man who also had Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This case represents only the second documented instance of a plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid occurring in the setting of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Moreover, it is only the second case of a plasma cell granuloma that has been reported in a male.

Granuloma, Plasma Cell↗