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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Effects of antihypertensive therapy with selective and non-selective beta blocking agents on dimensions and function of the left ventricle].

The influence of cardioselectivity and/or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) of betablockers on hemodynamic antihypertensive effect and on left ventricular (LV) dimensions and function was studied by echocardiography in 72 hypertensive patients, mean age 43 years. After 15 days of placebo, active therapy was given for 1 month: acebutolol (ACEB, n: 16, 400-800 mg/day), atenolol (ATEN, n: 16, 50-100 mg/day), pindolol (PIND, n: 13, 15-30 mg/day), timolol (TIMO, n: 15, 10-20 mg/day) and nadolol (NADO, n: 12, 80-160 mg/day). All betablockers showed effective antihypertensive activity. Betablockers without ISA (ATEN, TIMO, NADO) reduced cardiac output (p less than 0.05), those with ISA (ACEB, PIND) decreased total peripheral resistance (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively). Independently from ISA, cardioselective betablockers (ATEN, ACEB) increased LV end diastolic dimension and stroke volume (p less than 0.05). LV mass was not changed, although interventricular septum thickness decreased after TIMO and NADO (p less than 0.05). LV function, as assessed by fractional shortening, was not impaired by any betablocker.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1991

[Catheter-balloon valvuloplasty in mitral valve stenosis (selection of the method of procedure, immediate results and the criteria of patient selection].

Catheter-balloon valvuloplasty (CBV) was carried out in 80 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis, whose ages ranged from 22 to 68 years. Seventeen of these patients were operated on for mitral valve restenosis; I-II degree calcinosis of the mitral valve was revealed in 18 patients; seven women underwent surgery in the 24th-32nd week of pregnancy. After applying various methods (19 cases) the authors used in the last series of operations (61 cases) the Silin-Sukhov method using an original dilatation catheter with a balloon measuring in diameter up to 34 mm, which allowed pressure of up to 8 atm. to be produced during a working cycle no longer than 8 sec. As the result of CBV, the area of the mitral orifice was enlarged by no less than twice in all patients, the pressure gradient through the mitral valve and systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery reduced. The total number of complications which called for operative treatment was 3.75%. CBV is a still developing method, but already today it may be considered the method of choice in the treatment of uncomplicated forms of mitral stenosis, in I-II degree calcinosis, and when the risk of the traditional surgical intervention on the heart is increased.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The association of selected cancers with service in the US military in Vietnam. I. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Selected Cancers Cooperative Study Group.

As part of a series of investigations into the health of Vietnam veterans, we conducted a population-based, case-control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma between 1984 and 1988. All men born between 1929 and 1953 and diagnosed as having non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in an area covered by eight cancer registries were considered eligible. Control subjects were identified by random-digit dialing from these same regions and were frequency-matched to men with lymphoma by age. Analyses of 1157 men with pathologically confirmed lymphomas and 1776 control subjects showed that the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was approximately 50% higher among Vietnam veterans (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.0) compared with men who did not serve in Vietnam. Vietnam veterans were also at higher risk relative to (1) men who had not served in the military, (2) other veterans, and (3) other veterans who served between 1964 and 1972. An analysis of the military histories of the 232 Vietnam veterans suggested that the relative risk (1) increased with length of service in Vietnam (P = .10), and (2) was higher among men in the sea-based Navy than among other veterans (P = .11). Little difference in risk, however, was noted according to dates of service, type of unit, military region, or any other characteristics that may have been associated with the use of Agent Orange. Although the cause remains uncertain, results of this study indicate that the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is higher among Vietnam veterans than among other men.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of selective and non-selective beta 1-blockade on renin secretion in the isolated rat kidney.

The participation of beta 1-adrenoceptor on renin secretion was studied in perfused rat kidney. Administration of propranolol, inhibited the renin release mediated by isoproterenol. Likewise, metoprolol and practolol, showed a similar potency to propranolol in inhibiting isoproterenol-induced renin secretion. These results suggest that the for isoproterenol-induced renin release in rats is a beta 1-type adrenoceptor.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Effects of selective and non-selective beta-blockers on the alanine and free fatty acid responses to glucagon challenge in hemodialysis patients.

Hypoglycemia is frequently reported in hemodialysis patients on propranolol. The effects of beta-blockers on the glucose, alanine and free fatty acid responses to glucagon challenge (2 mg) in fourteen hemodialysis patients were studied. Patients on propranolol had impaired glycemic response while those on metoprolol had decreased response only before dialysis. There was a significant negative correlation between propranolol level (log-transformed) and glycemic responses, suggesting that propranolol has direct effect on the latter. Hemodialysis patients had fasting alanine levels comparable to those of normal subjects. After glucagon challenge, the decrements in alanine level had no consistent relationship to the impaired glycemic response. Thus suppression of gluconeogenesis is unlikely to be the prime cause of propranolol-induced hypoglycemia. The basal free fatty acid levels were significantly lower among hemodialysis patients on propranolol. This limited availability of free fatty acid as well as the inhibitory effect on hepatic glucagon-stimulated glucose output may contribute to the predisposition to hypoglycemia in dialysis patients given propranolol. The results suggest that metoprolol has less interference on energy substrate supply in hemodialysis patients under fasting conditions.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

The effects of selective and non-selective inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase on frusemide-stimulated natriuresis.

The relative potency of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - indomethacin, flurbiprofen, sulindac and piroxicam - in inhibiting frusemide-stimulated natriuresis and creatinine clearance was investigated in a placebo controlled cross-over study using healthy volunteers. All four drugs tested significantly inhibited the action of frusemide and they were equipotent in their effects. If it is accepted that sulindac is renal sparing with respect to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, our observations raise two possibilities concerning the underlying mechanism of antagonism: a) that inhibition of renal prostaglandin synthesis is not important; b) that sulindac interacts with frusemide in a manner different from other NSAIDs.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[A new therapeutic concept for the selection of liver cirrhotics with recurrent bleeding esophageal varices for selective shunt].

Analysis was made of almost 600 patients who received shunt operations between January 1, 1952 and January 1, 1975 because of liver cirrhosis and repeated bleeding from gastroesophageal varices. The emergency portosystemic shunt was abandoned owing to its 50% lethality; the portocaval shunt was also discontinued, because of an encephalopathy rate of 25%. The splenorenal shunt (Linton) and coronary-caval shunt (Gütgemann) gave comparatively satisfactory results. A more recent introduction was the mesocaval interposition shunt (Drapanas). We also developed new criteria of indication for a shunt operation: elective shunt, liver volume 1000--2500 ml, portal vein perfusion 15%--40%, avoidance of celiac trunk and hepatic artery stenosis. Using only the types of shunt operation and criteria of indication here recommended, lethality among 65 patients operated on between January 1, 1975 and July 1, 1978 was only 6%, delayed lethality only 3%. The rate of encephalopathy was reduced to 5%. The 5-year life expectancy should increase to more than 70%. Thus, support is provided for the proposed therapy concept and criteria for shunt indication.

Aged↗