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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Neurophysiological evaluation with multimodality evoked potentials in craniostenosis and craniofacial stenosis.

Multimodality evoked potentials (somatosensory and acoustic) have been recorded before surgery in children selected for surgical treatment for different kinds of craniostenosis and craniofacial stenosis. Evoked potentials were found to be deranged on at least one recording in 50% of cases, suggesting a significant incidence of neurophysiological alterations in these patients. No correlation was found between evoked potentials' derangements and clinical status, radiological findings, or different kinds of craniostenosis; moreover, a significant correlation was found between neurophysiological alterations and the age of the children. These preliminary data might define the possible role of neurophysiological tests in the presurgical evaluation of craniostenosis and craniofacial stenosis.

Aging↗
PubMed2006

The contribution of PET/CT to improved patient management.

With the introduction of both SPET/CT and PET/CT, multimodality imaging has truly entered routine clinical practice. Multiple slice spiral CT scanners have been incorporated with multiple detector gamma cameras or PET systems, such that the benefit of these modalities can be achieved in one patient sitting. The subject of this manuscript is PET/CT and its impact on patient management. Applications of PET/CT span the whole field of medical and surgical oncology since very few cancers do not take up the labelled glucose tracer, (18)F-FDG. Given the contrast achieved, high-quality data can be obtained with FDG PET/CT. This technology has now spread worldwide and has been the subject of intense interest, as witnessed by the vast body of published evidence. In this short overview, only a brief discussion of the main clinical applications is possible. Novel applications of PET/CT outside the field of oncology are expected in the near future.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Intraperitoneal cisplatin and etoposide in peritoneal mesothelioma: favorable outcome with a multimodality approach.

Ten patients with histologically documented peritoneal mesothelioma were treated with intraperitoneal cisplatin 200 mg/m2, sodium thiosulfate rescue and etoposide 65-290 mg/m2 every 4 weeks for a maximum of six cycles. All had epithelial or mixed epithelial-fibrous histology. Toxicity was tolerable, with 50% sustaining grade 3 or 4 granulocytopenia. There was one episode of neutropenic fever. Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy occurred in one patient, grade 1 in five patients. Complete remission occurred in one of five patients with measurable disease. Median survival for patients whose tumors were surgically debulked to < 2 cm residua prior to treatment was 22 months, while it was 5 months for those with measurable, surgically inaccessible disease (P = 0.0731 by Cox regression proportional hazard model). These data suggest that patients who present with resectable disease may benefit from an aggressive adjuvant approach. This possibility warrants prospective testing in a randomized clinical trial.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Increasingly appropriate depiction of rheumatology for G-DRG reimbursement 2006].

Starting with the second year of the so called "convergence period", specialized rheumatological treatment is now represented by a specific DRG (197Z) in the German G-DRG system. The definition of this DRG is based on the procedure codes for the complex and multimodal treatment of rheumatological inpatients (OPS 8-983 and 8-986). This will result in a more appropriate reimbursement of rheumatological treatment. The implementation of specialized rheumatological treatment can be regarded as exemplary for the incorporation of medical specializations into DRG systems. The first step is the definition of the characteristics by procedure codes, which can consequently be utilized within the grouping algorithm. After an inadequate representation of a medical specialization within the DRG system has been demonstrated, a new DRG will be established. As no cost data were available, the calculation of a cost weight for the new G-DRG 197Z is not yet possible for 2006. Hence, reimbursement has to be negotiated between the individual hospital and the budget commission of the health insurers. In this context, the use of clinical pathways is considered helpful.

Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coregistration of magnetic resonance and single photon emission computed tomography images for noninvasive localization of stem cells grafted in the infarcted rat myocardium.

This paper demonstrates the application of mutual information based coregistration of radionuclide and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an effort to use multimodality imaging for noninvasive localization of stem cells grafted in the infarcted myocardium in rats. Radionuclide imaging such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) inherently has high sensitivity and is suitable for tracking of labeled stem cells, while high-resolution MRI is able to provide detailed anatomical and functional information of myocardium. Thus, coregistration of PET or SPECT images with MRI will map the location and distribution of stem cells on detailed myocardium structures. To validate this coregistration method, SPECT data were simulated by using a Monte Carlo-based projector that modeled the pinhole-imaging physics assuming nonzero diameter and photon penetration at the edge. Translational and rotational errors of the coregistration were examined with respect to various SPECT activities, and they are on average about 0.50 mm and 0.82 degrees , respectively. Only the rotational error is dependent on activity of SPECT data. Stem cells were labeled with (111)Indium oxyquinoline and grafted in the ischemic myocardium of a rat model. Dual-tracer small-animal SPECT images were acquired, which allowed simultaneous detection of (111)In-labeled stem cells and of [(99m)Tc]sestamibi to assess myocardial perfusion deficit. The same animals were subjected to cardiac MRI. A mutual-information-based coregistration method was then applied to the SPECT and MRIs. By coregistration, the (111)In signal from labeled cells was mapped into the akinetic region identified on cine MRIs; the regional perfusion deficit on the SPECT images also coincided with the akinetic region on the MR image.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Abnormal brain glucose metabolism in the delusional misidentification syndromes: a positron emission tomography study in Alzheimer disease.

Brain lesions have been reported with increasing frequency in the delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS). This is the first controlled study to describe DMS regional cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (rCMRglc). We compared rCMRglc (using positron emission tomography) and neuropsychological data in 9 patients with DMS and Alzheimer dementia (AD), 15 AD patients without DMS, and 17 healthy controls. The DMS group differed from the AD group without DMS in having significant hypometabolism in paralimbic (orbitofrontal and cingulate areas bilaterally) and left medial temporal areas, and significant bilateral normalized hypermetabolism in sensory association cortices (superior temporal and inferior parietal) without right left asymmetry. Compared to healthy controls, both AD groups had significant dorso lateral frontal hypometabolism bilaterally. No specific DMS neuropsychological profile was identified. Dysfunctional connections among multimodal association areas, paralimbic structures, and dorsolateral frontal cortex are proposed as the predisposing neural deficit underlying DMS, causing cognitive-perceptual-affective dissonance, which under specific conditions results in "positive" delusion formation.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Parenting programmes for behavioural problems: where do tertiary units fit in a comprehensive service?

Children with behavioural problems are often referred to child mental health services without rationalization of criteria or referral routes. The aims of the present study were to establish the psychosocial characteristics of children with behavioural problems referred to a tertiary Day Resource, and to compare these with children referred for similar problems to a specialist outpatient child mental health service and a family support community service. Demographic data, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Health of the Nations Outcome scales for Children and Adolescents were used. Families attending the Day Resource were found to have more involvement with other agencies, and children showed higher levels of clinical severity and complexity. Most of this difference was accounted for by attentional difficulties, as well as communication and physical health problems. These findings confirmed the hypothesis that families seen at tertiary service level presented with more complex psychosocial needs and frequent child comorbidity, thereby justifying the multimodal treatment package developed at that service level. It is concluded that there is a need for this level of parenting interventions, but only for complex cases that have not responded to community interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Porphyromonas gingivalis-epithelial cell interactions in periodontitis.

Emerging data on the consequences of the interactions between invasive oral bacteria and host cells have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Indeed, modulation of the mucosal epithelial barrier by pathogenic bacteria appears to be a critical step in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis have developed different strategies to perturb the structural and functional integrity of the gingival epithelium. P. gingivalis adheres to, invades, and replicates within human epithelial cells. Adhesion of P. gingivalis to host cells is multimodal and involves the interaction of bacterial cell-surface adhesins with receptors expressed on the surfaces of epithelial cells. Internalization of P. gingivalis within host cells is rapid and requires both bacterial contact-dependent components and host-induced signaling pathways. P. gingivalis also subverts host responses to bacterial challenges by inactivating immune cells and molecules and by activating host processes leading to tissue destruction. The adaptive ability of these pathogens that allows them to survive within host cells and degrade periodontal tissue constituents may contribute to the initiation and progression of periodontitis. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the molecular cross-talk between P. gingivalis and gingival epithelial cells in the development of periodontitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Neuroblastoma represents distinct clinical-biologic entities: a review and perspective from the Quebec Neuroblastoma Screening Project.

Data are presented suggesting that neuroblastoma represents at least two distinct clinical-biologic entities. One, favorable neuroblastoma, is associated with young age and early stage at diagnosis, triploid karyotypes, no 1p abnormalities or N-myc gene amplification, more mature catecholamine synthesis and excretion, and excellent clinical outcome despite no or minimal therapy. The other, unfavorable neuroblastoma, is associated with older age and advanced stage, pseudodiploid karyotypes and 1p deletions, N-myc oncogene amplification, less mature catecholamine synthesis and excretion, and poor outcome despite aggressive multimodality therapy including bone marrow transplantation. Favorable neuroblastomas rarely, if ever, evolve into unfavorable disease. Unresolved issues regarding this hypothesis and implications for the efficacy of preclinical detection through mass screening are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

[Therapeutic advances in breast neoplasms achieved through multimodal treatment].

The epidemiology of breast cancer and the frustrating stagnation of present primary care by local means such as surgery (with or without postoperative radiotherapy) are reviewed. The unsolved problem of early occult micrometastases in breast cancer--as in many other tumors--renders unlikely any real further progress towards higher curability in mammary carcinoma by "optimizing" or even "minimizing" local therapy alone. In contrast, higher remission rates and prolonged tumor control in metastatic breast cancer have been achieved during the last 10 years by advances in combination chemo- or chemo-hormono-therapy. Current controlled studies with adjuvant chemotherapy added to radical mastectomy show encouraging results, such as decreased over-all recurrence rates within 3--4 years and possibly also increased survival. Recent data of Swiss and foreign randomized adjuvant studies in primary breast cancer are reviewed and analyzed. Since mode of administration, duration and patient selection are not yet sufficiently clarified and standardized, routine use of "adjuvant chemotherapy" cannot be advocated on a large scale basis at the present time. There is, however, an urgent need for controlled patient trials with the inclusion of hormonal and possibly immunological "adjuvant regimens", to assure critical evaluation of clinical benefit and protect future patient cohorts from the possible long-term risks of additional primary cytotoxic therapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perioperative radiotherapy for cancer of the esophagus.

Carcinomas of the esophagus represent on average about 1% to 2% of all malignant tumors. The incidence shows extreme regional differences, reflecting the established environmental and acquired risk factors for cancer of the esophagus. There has been a major shift in tumor location and histology over the last decades, with the lower third/gastroesophageal junction becoming the most common location and adenocarcinoma the most common histology in white males. There has been a striking improvement in surgical resection rates and operative mortality; however, the curative potential of surgery is likely to be highest in early-stage disease. The poor prognosis for locally advanced tumors motivated the search for multimodal approaches to improve results. While neither perioperative radiotherapy nor perioperative chemotherapy alone have significantly improved survival rates, combined radiochemotherapy, used as neoadjuvant or definitive therapy, appears more promising. For patients with advanced tumors or extensive nodal involvement, first principles and extrapolation from other tumors of the gastrointestinal tract suggest that a combination of chemotherapy and radiation is likely to be of benefit, as compared to surgery alone. As this treatment is difficult to tolerate in the postoperative setting, neoadjuvant approaches have been emphasized. Although there are promising data, and preoperative chemoradiation is widely utilized, we do not consider the benefit of this approach to have been proven unequivocally. Future progress in the treatment of esophageal cancer may require that systemic therapy be improved to the point where occult metastatic disease can be controlled, enabling the local control provided by surgery and radiation to lead to improved survival.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2005

In vitro effects of topotecan and ionizing radiation on TRAIL/Apo2L-mediated apoptosis in malignant glioma.

The survival of patients with malignant gliomas is still unsatisfactory despite multimodality treatment, therefore new therapeutic strategies are required. Tumor necrosis factor apoptosis related ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, may induce apoptotic cell death in several tumors, but not in normal cells, upon binding with specific receptors. In the present study, the expression and function of TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5) has been investigated in five human glioma cell lines (U87, U138, U373, A172, SW1783) in ex vivo tumors and in primary cultures obtained from the tumors. Our data show that gliomas preferentially express TRAIL R2 and that treatment with topotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, significantly up-regulates its expression as detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. Moreover, in most cases, treatment with topotecan resulted in an increased sensitivity to TRAIL-dependent apoptosis, although cyclohexymide had to be added to induce apoptosis. On glioma cell lines, the effects of irradiation on TRAIL receptors were also analysed. In our experimental conditions, irradiation with 2 Gy had a modest additive effect on TRAIL-dependent apoptosis and was not able to modulate TRAIL receptor expression.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1998

Modality-specific subregions in human inferior parietal lobule: a magnetoencephalographic study during cognitive tasks.

The inferior parietal lobule (IPL) has been considered to be a multimodal sensory association area. Both event-related potentials and magnetic responses have examined the relationships between IPL and cognitive processing. However, there have been no studies clarifying the functional subregions in IPL. We studied the event-related magnetic response during conventional auditory and visual oddball paradigms. We were able to distinguish non-invasively modality-specific subregions in IPL. The subregion in IPL activated by auditory target stimuli was located more anterior and superior than that responding to visual target stimuli on each hemisphere. The data suggests that modality-specific subregions in the IPL are differentially activated by auditory or visual stimuli.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1996

Function of the left planum temporale in auditory and linguistic processing.

Previous research suggests that the human left planum temporale (PT) plays an important role in language. To test this hypothesis, functional MRI (fMRI) data were collected from 12 normal right-handed subjects during passive and active listening to words and tone sequences. Several left hemisphere areas, including the superior temporal sulcus, middle temporal gyrus, angular gyrus and lateral frontal lobe showed stronger activation during the word conditions. This was not true of the PT, which responded equally to tones and words during passive listening and more strongly to tones during active listening. The PT is likely to be involved in early auditory processing, while specifically linguistic functions are mediated by multimodal association areas distributed elsewhere in the left hemisphere.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Infrared specular reflection spectroscopy of rough metallic substrates.

A study of the infrared reflectance of rough metallic surfaces is presented. We show that one reflectance measurement, made in the specular direction under specific conditions, allows the accurate calculation of the shape of the roughness histogram. As a theoretical background, we use modified expressions from Kirchhoff theory for surface scattering. To illustrate our method, we present experimental results obtained with surfaces having a multimode histogram, which means having several different populations with distinct peaks. For these surfaces, we observe oscillations in the regularly decreasing reflectance (with decreasing wavelength) that are created by a partial interference phenomenon between the peaks. To our knowledge, this effect is presented for the first time in the literature. Our study demonstrates that some very useful information can be obtained in the infrared spectrum of metallic substrates, although they do not have any absorption band. We hope that our results help further the understanding of complex spectral data obtained on such scattering substrates covered with organic films.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1976

Prediction of successful response to multimodality treatment among heroin addicts.

In an effort to identify predictor variables associated with successful response to multimodality treatment among heroin addicts, this investigation compared addict-clients classified by means of behavioral ratings into success and failure groups on 16 social history and 18 psychological variables using stepwise discrimination techniques. Statistical analyses correctly classified 100% of the treatment failure group and 92% of treatment successes. Successful clients were characterized by more advanced educational achievement at intake, later onset of opiate use, higher scores on MMPI Scales Es and L, and lower scores on MMPI Scale 7. Results suggest that collection and nanlyses of such data at intake may provide a reliable basis for prediction of treatment outcome as well as an objective means for early identification of "high risk" individuals who may require a more concentrated and individualized therapeutic effort.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The characteristics of the clinical course of long-term nonhealing duodenal ulcers combined with chronic gastric erosion and the treatment of patients with the given pathology].

The authors provide data on the follow-up and treatment of 76 patients with slow in healing ulcers and chronic erosions. In patients with associated pathology, the clinical course of the disease is marked by a steady painful syndrome that occurs 1 to 1.5 h after meal. In the presence of Campylobacter pyloridis in these patients, the treatment schedule is to include de-nol and the concentrate of granulocytes. The use of local administration of the concentrate of granulocytes combined with hyperbaric oxygenation turned out the most effective in multimodality treatment of such patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Multimodal Analysis Reveals Aberrant Expression of SUMO2 and Its Significant Association With Key Mechanisms of Metabolic Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, the role of small ubiquitin-like modifier 2 (SUMO2), a core member of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) family, regarding its expression patterns and metabolism-related functions in HCC remains inadequately understood. METHODS: A multidimensional analytical framework was applied, integrating immunohistochemistry (153 HCC vs. 21 non-HCC samples), proteomics (159 paired samples), bulk transcriptomics (3240 HCC vs. 2267 non-HCC samples), single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) (10 HCC vs. 8 non-HCC samples), spatial transcriptomics, and external CRISPR/Cas9 functional genomics data. Systematic analyses included standardized mean difference (SMD), pathway enrichment, pseudotime trajectory inference, in silico knockout, cell-cell communication, metabolic flux scoring, immune infiltration, clinical correlation, drug sensitivity prediction, and molecular docking. RESULTS: At the protein level, immunohistochemistry (nuclear positivity) and external proteomic data collectively demonstrated consistent SUMO2 overexpression in HCC. Consistent upregulation was also observed at the mRNA level across large-scale cohorts. Single-cell RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics localized SUMO2 enrichment to malignant hepatocytes and tumor-dominant regions. CRISPR-mediated SUMO2 knockout suppressed proliferation in multiple HCC cell lines. Mechanistically, high SUMO2 expression was significantly associated with metabolic reprogramming involving glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. SUMO2-high malignant hepatocyte subpopulations exhibited enhanced activity of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling axis and enhanced iron-sensor interactions. Further, the immune infiltration analysis revealed a negative correlation between SUMO2 expression and M1 macrophages and a positive correlation between follicular helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Clinically, elevated SUMO2 levels were found to be associated with adverse prognostic features. Furthermore, high SUMO2 expression was associated with increased sensitivity to dasatinib, and molecular docking simulations predicted potential binding between SUMO2 and dasatinib, with a Vina score of -8.5 kcal/mol. CONCLUSIONS: SUMO2 is aberrantly expressed at the protein, mRNA, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomic levels in HCC and is significantly associated with metabolic reprogramming and altered migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-mediated intercellular communication, suggesting its potential as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and treatment.

Humans↗