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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Identification of aesculin-hydrolyzing streptococci, lactococci, aerococci and enterococci from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows.

Aesculin-hydrolyzing, catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci isolated from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows were identified to species level using growth characteristics and biochemical activity. The results indicated that the aesculin-hydrolyzing cocci associated with this type of infection are a very heterogenic group. S. uberis strains, including inulin- or beta-glucuronidase-negative isolates, accounted for only about one-third of the collection, and Enterococcus faecalis strains for one-fifth. Other species of some importance included (in descending order of isolation frequency) Aerococcus viridans, Streptococcus pluranimalium, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus gallolyticus.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Identification of enterococci at the species level by sequencing of the genes for D-alanine:D-alanine ligases.

A PCR assay based on the use of degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotides allowed characterization of a fragment internal to the ddl genes encoding D-alanine:D-alanine ligases in Enterococcus columbae, E. durans, E. malodoratus, E. mundtii, E. raffinosus, E. seriolicida, E. solitarius, and E. sulfureus. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence of the amplification products and of those already obtained from E. aviuni, E. casseliflavus, E. cecorum, E. dispar, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. flavescens, E. gallinarurm, E. hirae, E. pseudoavium, and E. saccharolvticus yielded an evolutionary tree with a topology similar to that based on 16S rRNA sequences. Partial sequencing of the ddl gene can therefore be used for genotypic identification of Enterococcus spp.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of an automated system for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of enterococci.

The performance of a new version of an automated system panel, the Positive Combo Panel Type 11 of MicroScan WalkAway 96 (WA96; Dade Behring) was evaluated and compared to that of reference methods for the identification and for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the different enterococcal species. A total of 376 enterococcal isolates were tested. The MicroScan WA96 correctly identified 99.6% (266/267), 78.3% (18/23) and 68.6% (59/86) of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and species other than E. faecalis and E. faecium, respectively. Although low probability of accurate identification was obtained for 37 (9.8%) strains, the system indicated that supplementary tests were necessary for precise identification of 8 (9.3%) among the 86 strains included in the non-faecalis/non-faecium group and of 3 (13.0%) among the E. faecium isolates. In comparison to the agar screening method, the percentage of agreement for detection of resistance markers by the automated system was 90.2% (37/41) for ampicillin, 90.6% (48/53) for high-level resistance to streptomycin (HLRS), 96.4% (80/83) for high-level resistance to gentamicin (HLRG), and 100% (14/14) for vancomycin. The results indicate that the MicroScan WA96 performed well for the identification of E. faecalis and typical E. faecium isolates, and for the detection of resistance to vancomycin and HLRG. However, the system still needs further improvement in order to provide reliable results for the characterization of the other enterococcal species, including atypical variants of E. faecium.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed2002

Risk factors for acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci among hematology-oncology patients.

The incidence of VRE has increased dramatically and hematology-oncology patients are at high risk for acquisition of colonization and development of infection. Therefore, we performed a prospective cohort study to determine risk factors for VRE acquisition among hematology-oncology patients. Patients admitted to a single unit at Northwestern Memorial Hospital, which was predominantly comprised of patients with hematologic malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants, were enrolled. Rectal or perianal swabs were obtained on hospital day 1, 4, 7 and then weekly thereafter. Data were collected by medical record review. We evaluated 155 study patients; 12 patients (7.7%) converted from VRE negative to positive. Among these 12 patients, 3 were positive on prior admissions, and 9 acquired VRE during the study. The median time to acquisition was 9 days. The median length of stay was significantly longer for patients with VRE compared to those who were VRE negative (31 vs. 6 days, P < 0.01). Patients with VRE were significantly more likely than those without VRE to have had an ICU admission within 3 months (P = 0.003), been admitted from an acute care facility (P = 0.001), or to have received amikacin (P = 0.02). Antimicrobials were commonly prescribed to all of the patients as 87% received an antimicrobial prior to their first swab. The crude mortality rate for patients with VRE was 67%. Prolonged length of stay, prior hospitalization, previous ICU admission and receipt of amikacin were risk factors associated with VRE acquisition among hematology-oncology patients. Mortality among these patients was high, due to serious underlying disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Clonal dissemination of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and comparison of susceptibility testing methods.

One hundred fifty clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis (88 isolates) and Enterococcus faecium (62 isolates) were tested in vitro for their susceptibility to vancomycin and high-level aminoglycosides (HLA). Remel's Synergy Quad Plates (RSQ) were used as the reference method and compared to Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test, Vitek GPS-TA card, MicroScan Panel (GP-6), and Etest. Streptomycin susceptibility results for MicroScan GP-6 and RSQ were recorded at 24 and 48 h and all other methods and antibiotics were read at 24 h or less. When compared with the agar screen method, all of the methods demonstrated > 99% agreement. One isolate was falsely sensitive to gentamicin at 24 h, but resistant at 48 h, when tested on both MicroScan and RSQ agar screen. Thirty-nine isolates showed resistance to vancomycin with all methods. These isolates were from three different local hospitals and were identified as E. faecium. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that all of the vancomycin-resistant isolates were derived from the same clone. Of interest is the observation that high-level resistance to aminoglycosides varied between the clonally related isolates.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1999

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization of high-risk patients in tertiary care Canadian hospitals. Canadian VRE Surveillance Group.

We isolated 1487 Enterococcus species from 1200 stool specimens collected from high-risk patients in 12 Canadian tertiary care hospitals between October 1995 and November 1996. The composition of the 1487 isolates was 601 vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecalis (40.4%), 667 vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecium (44.9%), 18 vancomycin-resistant (nine isolates MIC 8-16 micrograms/mL; nine isolates MIC > or = 32 micrograms/mL) E. faecium (VREF) (1.2%), 95 vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus gallinarum (6.4%), 29 vancomycin-resistant (all MICs 8-16 micrograms/mL) E. gallinarum (2.0%), and 77 vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus casseliflavus (5.2%). Nine of the 18 VREF isolates collected possessed the vanA genotype and were from three patients at one hospital. Two other VREF isolates, of the vanB genotype, were from a single patient at a second hospital, and the remaining seven isolates, also all of the vanB genotype, were from five patients at a third hospital. All VREF were ampicillin resistant (MIC > or = 16 micrograms/mL), streptomycin resistant (MIC > 1000 micrograms/mL), and ciprofloxacin resistant (MIC > or = 4 micrograms/mL). Ten of the 18 VREF were also resistant to gentamicin (MIC > 500 micrograms/mL), while all 18 isolates had quinupristin/dalfopristin MICs < or = 0.5 microgram/mL. In conclusion, high-risk patients in tertiary care Canadian hospitals are rarely colonized (9/1200 patients, 0.75%) with VREF in their lower gastrointestinal tract. These findings correlate well with the lack of reported VREF infection in high-risk patients in Canadian hospitals. Quinupristin/dalfopristin demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against VREF and other non-faecalis species of Enterococcus, many of which also possessed high-level ampicillin, and/or high-level aminoglycoside, and/or ciprofloxacin resistance.

Canada↗
PubMed2001

Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococci in Lebanon.

There is little information on the types of Enterococcus spp and their antibiotic resistance patterns in Lebanon. One hundred and fifty-three consecutive clinical enterococcal isolates collected between 1998 and 1999 were tested against 11 antimicrobial agents using disk diffusion and the Etest. The isolates were identified by conventional methods and API-Strep and were found to consist of Enterococcus faecalis (72.5%), Enterococcus faecium (22.9%), Enterococcus avium (3.2%) and Enterococcus gallinarum (1.3%). The percent of resistant strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium respectively were, ampicillin 0.9 and 14%, erythromycin 59% and 40%, tetracycline 72% and 34%, chloramphenicol 32 and 11%, rifampin 36% and 57%, ciprofloxacin, 23% and 34%, norfloxacin 22 and 8%. High level aminoglycoside (HLA) resistance was found in 19% E. faecalis and 9% E. faecium for gentamicin and 36% and 26% for streptomycin. Excellent correlation was observed between the high level disk tests and the Etest in the detection of HLA resistance but not with the regular disks. None of the isolates showed resistance to vancomycin or teicoplanin except for one E. gallinarum isolate which showed intermediate resistance (MIC 16 mg/l) to vancomycin. These variable antimicrobial rates of resistance suggest a surveillance programme for antimicrobial resistance in this country would be helpful to help control infection, guide empirical antibiotic therapy and implement a policy of antibiotic usage.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed2000

Occurrence of siderophores in enterococci.

In 70 strains of the genus Enterococcus belonging to 16 species and isolated from clinical material, animals and the environment, a hydroxamic class of siderophores was detected with the aid of chemical and biological tests. A correlation between siderophore activity and species affiliation was found: E. faecalis strains showed the highest siderophore activity. A correlation between siderophore activity and pathogenicity could not be confirmed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Novel semi-synthetic glycopeptide antibiotics active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE): doubly-modified water-soluble derivatives of chloroorienticin B.

A series of N-alkylated and aminomethylated derivatives of chloroorienticin B, a vancomycin-related glycopeptide antibiotic, were synthesized. Doubly-modified derivatives having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substituents exhibited potent antibacterial activity against MRSA and VRE along with considerable water-solubility.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗