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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Comparison of HIV-antibody prevalence in patients consenting to and declining HIV-antibody testing in an STD clinic.

All patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic were offered voluntary, anonymous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-antibody testing and counseling as part of routine clinical evaluation. During a three-month evaluation period, 82% of patients accepted HIV testing. Testing was accepted equally by men and women and by heterosexual and homosexual men. Black men were more likely to refuse testing than men from other ethnic groups. Eight (0.7%) of 1146 STD clinic patients tested were infected with HIV. A blinded study of 237 patients who refused testing identified nine (3.8%) additional HIV-infected patients. Men who refused testing were 5.3 times more likely to be infected than men who accepted testing. Male homosexuals and black and Hispanic men who refused testing were 7.3 and 8.8 times, respectively, more likely to be infected with HIV than were their counterparts who accepted testing. Human immunodeficiency virus testing and counseling should be routinely offered to STD clinic patients. Male STD clinic patients, especially homosexual or minority men, who refuse voluntary HIV testing should be counseled regarding reducing their risk for HIV transmission.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Painless office laboratory regulation.

In summary, the attention focused on the work performed in the physicians' office laboratories need not create any apprehension on the part of the physician-directors. If the physician's office laboratory is subject to government regulations, be assured that the only objective is to provide assistance in accomplishing a mutual objective of quality work. The approach is one of a cooperative effort between professionals, and the physician's office laboratory should take advantage of the services, both consultation and training, offered by the regulatory agency. If the physician's office laboratory is not subject to regulations, the physician-director should personally direct the operation of his or her laboratory and keep abreast of the latest developments in laboratory medicine applicable to the specific areas of testing performed. The simplest way to do this is to take advantage of the voluntary certification programs being developed and any state or federal guidelines readily available.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1985

Financing nutrition services in a competitive market.

Budget deficits and inflationary medical care costs threaten nutrition services, which until recently have been funded largely by federal, state, and local revenues. Nutritionists and dietitians responding to demands in the marketplace should develop innovative programs and pursue new sources for financing through the private sector, third-party payers, business/industry health promotion, and consumer fees for their services, as well as targeted federal, state, and locally funded food assistance, nutrition education, and health care programs. Trail-blazing dietitians are successfully offering their services in health maintenance organizations (HMOs), hospital or industry fitness programs, private practice, voluntary health agencies, and official agency programs. With the new federalism, nutritionists must articulate their role in comprehensive health care and market their services at the state and local levels in addition to the federal level. Nutrition services are defined to include assessment, planning, counseling, education, and referral to supportive agencies. Data management, managerial, and marketing skills must be developed for dietitians to compete effectively. Basic educational preparation and continuing education for practicing professionals must develop these competencies.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1985

Cost containment and simplification in the blood bank.

Cost containment in the blood bank can be achieved by continually re-evaluating the relevance of routine testing on patient and donor samples and the quality control methods used. At all times one should strive for simplification, with patient safety as a primary concern. In addition, certain testing that might otherwise be eliminated must be continued in order to meet the requirements of government agencies and voluntary accreditation programs. Careful monitoring of the practices of ordering blood and components and the patterns of utilization can identify educational objectives that can lead to improved patient care and significant cost savings.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1979

[Screening for elevated creatine kinase activities for the early diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy].

A screening test for the determination of creatine kinase in a dry spot of the whole blood is used for the early identification of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and girls with carrier properties of this hereditary disease. In the absence of an effective medical therapy, such screening leads to genetic counselling of the affected families with the purpose of avoiding the birth of further cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the same families. The first results of a voluntary screening program in Germany are discussed.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1981

Prevention of homozygous beta-thalassemia by carrier screening and prenatal diagnosis in Sardinia.

We report here results of a 3-year pilot voluntary screening program coupled with prenatal diagnosis directed to the prospective prevention of homozygous beta-thalassemia (beta-thal) in Sardinia. The screening program took two approaches: outreach community testing and hospital testing on request after a period of sensibilization. The outreach testing was very effective as, taking into account the already known number of couples at risk with an affected proband (20), 74% of the couple at risk expected (61) on the basis of the carrier rate were identified. Less effective was the hospital testing in which half of the couples at risk expected were detected (502 with the 199 without an affected proband). After nondirective genetic counseling, approximately 85% of the couples at risk, which had a pregnancy, with no statistically significant difference between those with and those without a proband, requested prenatal testing. This figure showed a steadily increase from the beginning in 1977 to 1980. All the pregnancies (42), but two carrying homozygous fetuses, were terminated on parental request. A continuous hospital survey of thal-major admissions in the different hospitals of the counties showed a steady decline in the incidence figure at birth from 1976 (1:213) to 1978 (1:290). These results showed that even in a medium-developed, rural, Catholic population screening coupled with prenatal diagnosis can be successful in the control of a fatal, recessively inherited disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Patient perspectives program: a humanistic educational experience for medical students.

We describe a novel patient-focused program for first-year medical students which is designed to ameliorate the dehumanizing effects frequently produced by the experience of the basic science years. The program, now in its 4th year, offers students the opportunity to meet weekly with a long-term, hospitalized rehabilitation patient. The twin foci of learning are (1) the patient's attitudes, feelings and coping behaviors engendered by the experience of serious illness, hospitalization and treatment; (2) the student's perception of his/her own attitudes and behaviors stimulated by the experience of relating to patients. Students meet weekly with senior hospital staff to discuss their experiences. The program is voluntary, ungraded and entirely under student direction. Speculations are offered for its enthusiastic acceptance and its potential long-term influence on medical students in their development as physicians.

Adult↗