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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[The serum concentration of vitamin A in patients with psoriasis vulgaris after oral administration of vitamin A palmitate].

After oral application of vitamin-A-palmitate in male patients with psoriasis we hourly estimated the serum concentration of vitamin A. With rapidly elevating the maximum vitamin A level was achieved in 3-4 hrs but redescended to the initial level within 24 hrs by an exponential decrease. The curve could be fitted to the "BATEMANfunction". The velocity contents k1 and k2 were calculated but were varied individually. The constant b, the time between oral application and the commencement of resorption, was estimated at 30-60 min. The chromatographical analysis of the total vitamin A in all patients yielded a unique ratio of vitamin A-alcohol, -acetate and -palmitate for each hour.

Acetates↗
PubMed2002

Novel effects of diets enriched with corn oil or with an olive oil/sunflower oil mixture on vitamin K metabolism and vitamin K-dependent proteins in young men.

Little is known of how the fat components of diets influence the absorption and metabolism of vitamin K and the possible consequences to the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent (VKD) proteins in different target organs. We have evaluated the effects of two diets on circulating phylloquinone (K1) and triacylglycerols (TAG). One diet was enriched with corn oil (CO) (also rich in gamma-tocopherol) and the other with an olive/sunflower (O/SO) mixture (rich in alpha-tocopherol). Effects on gamma-carboxylation were assessed from coagulation assays and sensitive assays for undercarboxylated prothrombin (ucFII) and osteocalcin (ucOC). Total plasma matrix Gla-protein (MGP) was also measured. After an initial adjustment diet, 26 healthy young men were fed, in a crossover design, the O/SO or CO diet for 2 weeks. Mean intakes of K1 during consumption of adjustment, O/SO, and CO diets were 225 microg/day, 291 microg/day, and 291 microg/day, respectively. Mean fasting levels of TAG and K1 were both significantly reduced by the CO diet, but not by the O/SO diet. Neither diet reduced FII activity but ucFII became detectable in nine subjects, eight of whom showed this abnormality with both diets. The CO diet induced a rise in ucOC (P < 0.05), which was negatively correlated to ucFII (r = -0.71, P < 0.03). The CO but not O/SO diet induced a decrease of total circulating MGP. We conclude that both oils, notably CO, affected vitamin K absorption and/or metabolism which may increase the requirements for gamma-carboxylation. The mechanism is unclear but may result from interactions of vitamin K with PUFA and/or other lipid components such as vitamin E.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Calcium, vitamin D, and risk for colorectal adenoma: dependency on vitamin D receptor BsmI polymorphism and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use?

Previous epidemiological studies have been inconclusive in demonstrating an inverse association among calcium, vitamin D, and risk for colorectal adenoma. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the associations among calcium and vitamin D and risk for incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma according to the vitamin D receptor BsmI polymorphism and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. We analyzed data from a colonoscopy-based case-control study (n = 177 cases, 228 controls) conducted in North Carolina between 1995 and 1997. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) comparing participants in the highest to those in the lowest tertiles of total calcium and vitamin D intakes were 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35-1.15], P(trend) = 0.14 and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.41-1.18), and P(trend) = 0.19, respectively. Adjusted ORs for those in the upper tertile of total calcium intake relative to those in the lower were 0.25 (95% CI, 0.08-0.80) among those who had a Bb genotype, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.18-1.82) among those who had a bb genotype, and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.15-0.85) among those who did not take NSAIDs. The ORs for the highest tertile of calcium intake was 0.05 (95% CI, 0.01-0.41), P(trend) < 0.01 among those who were Bb and did not take NSAIDs, and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.02-1.36), P(trend) = 0.47 among those who were bb and did not take NSAIDs. These data support the hypotheses that higher calcium intakes may decrease risk for colorectal neoplasms, and that such a relationship is more readily detectable among those who do not take NSAIDs, and may be strongest among those who have at least one vitamin D receptor BsmI b allele.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The vitamin allowance of the pupils in a rural vocational and technical school and their prophylactic vitaminization].

The actual nutrition and providing with vitamins C and B1 was studied in boys aged 16-17 years, students of a rural trade school (Volsk of Saratov Province). Although the caloric value of their ration was high enough the content of animal proteins was only 42-48 g/day. The content of ascorbic acid in the ration comprised 48%, in the spring of 1987 it was 17%, and of 1988-29% of the recommended standard, vitamin B1 levels did not show seasonal differences. Vitamin C and B1 deficiencies in the spring were proved by their low excretion levels in urine, and by a low concentration of vitamin C and decreased activity of B1-dependent enzyme transketolase in the blood. Intake of "Undevitum" (1 dragee/day) during 4 months was conductive to the improvement of the student providing with vitamins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Congenital deficiency of all vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation factors due to a defective vitamin K-dependent carboxylase in Devon Rex cats.

Two Devon Rex cats from the same litter, which had no evidence of liver disease, malabsorption of vitamin K or chronic ingestion of coumarin derivatives, were found to have plasma deficiencies of factors II, VII, IX and X. Oral treatment with vitamin K1 resulted in the normalization of these coagulation factors. After taking liver biopsies it was demonstrated that the coagulation abnormality was accompanied by a defective gamma-glutamyl-carboxylase, which had a decreased affinity for both vitamin K hydroquinone and propeptide. This observation prompted us to study in a well-defined in vitro system the possible allosteric interaction between the propeptide binding site and the vitamin K hydroquinone binding site on carboxylase. It was shown that by the binding of a propeptide-containing substrate to gamma-glutamylcarboxylase the apparent KM for vitamin K hydroquinone is decreased about 20-fold. On the basis of these in vitro data the observed defect in the Devon Rex cats can be fully explained.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of vitamin D3 on CD34 progenitor cells in vitamin D deficiency rickets.

Vitamin D metabolites have multiple functions not only in calcium homeostasis, but also in hematopoiesis. To detect the effect of vitamin D on hematopoiesis with a surface glycoprotein marker, the proportions of the CD34+ cells were measured in bone marrow, peripheral blood and spleen prior to and after vitamin D3 treatment in an infant with severe rickets, myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia. CD34+ cells measured 0.4% in bone marrow, 8.0% in peripheral blood and 8.7% in splenic aspirate. The detection of a high and comparable level of CD34+ cells in both peripheral blood and splenic aspirate on admission and the decline in the level of CD34+ cells (2%) following treatment support that CD34+ cells were from extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen. The improvement of rickets and hematological findings with treatment at the same time raises the possibility of vitamin D3 acting directly upon the same target or upon different targets at the same time or of the presence of interaction between two targets. Our findings may also show a relation between vitamin D3 and its metabolites to bone marrow stem cells.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMed2007

Intervention with traditional food as a major source of energy, protein, iron, vitamin C and vitamin A for rural Dalit mothers and young children in Andhra Pradesh, South India.

Intakes of energy, protein, iron and vitamin A in India are usually reported as inadequate. Recognizing that traditional food systems are sustainable, high in species variety, and have rich nutrient sources, we compared dietary intakes and nutrient sources of Dalit mothers and their children living in villages with and without an intervention based on improved access to the traditional Dalit food system. 24-hour recalls were conducted with Dalit mothers and their children aged 6-39 months during summer and rainy seasons in 2003. We found that mothers from intervention villages had significantly higher intakes of energy (mean +/- SD: 12,197 +/- 3,515 kJ vs. 11,172 +/- 3,352 kJ; p =0.02) and protein (77.5 +/- 25.1 g vs. 71.1 +/- 25.2 g; p =0.05) in summer, and higher intakes of energy (11,168 +/- 3,335 kJ vs. 10,168 +/- 3,730 kJ; p = 0.04), protein (68.9 +/- 22.6 g vs. 60.4 +/- 23.8 g; p <0.01) and iron (15.8 +/- 6.6 mg vs. 13.7 +/- 9.1 mg; p <0.01) during rainy season. There were no differences in children's intakes between intervention and control villages. In mothers, sorghum contributed 29% of energy, 33% of protein and 53% of iron, and green leafy vegetables contributed 21% of vitamin C and 38% of vitamin A. Our results indicate that traditional food such as sorghum, pulses and green leafy vegetables are major sources of energy, protein, iron, vitamin C and vitamin A, and that mothers from villages with the traditional food intervention had higher intakes of energy, protein and iron.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of vitamin D3 in resins, oils, dry concentrates, and dry concentrates containing vitamin A.

A high-pressur liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been developed for the determination of vitamin D3 in resins, oils, dry concentrates, and dry concentrates containing vitamin A. Specificity of the method for vitamin D3 in the presence of isomers and other related constituents was shown by ultimate recovery of the vitamin D3 and the individual constituents and their characterization by other methods such as ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Precision and accuracy are within 2%, and as many as 20 determinations may be completed in a working day. Excellent agreement with the official AOAC biological assay was found. A comparison of the response of isomers of vitamin D3 by the HPLC method vs. other instrumental and chemical procedures shows HPLC to be the most specific method for determining the bioactive isomers.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

[Vitamin D-induced tissue calcinosis and arteriosclerosis changes. II. Current knowledge and conclusions for preventive vitamin D administration in infancy and early childhood].

By means of the actual literature we clear up that vitamin-D is considered to be a risk factor for arteriosclerosis. In vitamin-D-susceptible children elevated vitamin doses may--to begin with--lead to a nephrocalcinosis and--subsequently--to a coronary sclerosis. The combination of a nourishment, rich in calcium, an over-supply of vitamin-D, and high cholesterol-contents, is considered to be especially unfavourable. In order to avoid a potential danger of arteriosclerosis the rachitis-prophylaxis in infants and babies should be taken up with physiological vitamin-D-dosages.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1989

Short-term and long-term effects of brown and black masheri (pyrolysed tobacco product) on vitamin A and vitamin C levels in mice and hamsters.

The short-term and long-term effects of two most commonly used brown and black masheri were studied in Swiss mice and Syrian golden hamsters. In short-term studies, both the types of masheri extracts (ME) at 3/4 LD50 dose given ip did not have any effect on either liver or plasma vitamin C levels (both species). However, a decrease in liver vitamin A was observed only in hamsters injected with black ME. Similar effect was not observed in mice injected with both the types of masheri extracts. In long-term studies, when both the types of masheri were fed through diet at 10% level for 20 months, no effect was observed on hepatic or plasma vitamin C levels in mice (both sexes), while an increase in vitamin C levels was observed in black masheri diet fed hamsters. A depletion in liver vitamin A was observed in hamsters fed both the types of masheri. Such an effect was observed only in black masheri diet fed Swiss mice (both sexes) and brown masheri diet fed Swiss females.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of a pediatric multiple vitamin preparation for total parenteral nutrition in infants and children. I. Blood levels of water-soluble vitamins.

This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the response to the only intravenous vitamin preparation (MVI Pediatric) for infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition. Eighteen preterm infants (group 1), 26 term infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition for 2 to 4 weeks (group 2A), and eight infants and children receiving total parenteral nutrition for 3 to 6 months (group 2B) were studied. Term gestation infants and children up to 11 years of age received daily vitamin doses that approximated the 1974 Recommended Dietary Allowances and coincided with the 1975 American Medical Association Nutrition Advisory Group total parenteral nutrition dosage guidelines for children weighing more than 10 kg. Preterm infants received 65% of these dosages. RBC transketolase (vitamin B1), glutathione reductase (B2), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (B6) activities were maintained at normal levels, and niacin levels were maintained within the reference range (7.1 +/- 0.32 micrograms/mL) in all study patients. Pantothenate, biotin, and ascorbate were maintained at reference levels in groups 2A and 2B. In group 1, ascorbic acid was increased significantly during treatment from 1.53 +/- 0.16 to 3.60 by seven days and to 2.54 +/- 0.62 by day 28 of treatment (reference normals = 0.99 +/- 0.1 mg/dL). RBC folate was maintained within the reference range of 411 +/- 76 pg/mL; however, pantothenate and biotin levels increased significantly to more than 2 SD above reference values during treatment, and vitamin B12 levels, which were above the reference range initially, were maintained at more than 2 SD above the reference range throughout treatment. The elevation in vitamin B12 was seen in both group 1 and 2 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1988

The vitamin E status among glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patients and effectiveness of oral vitamin E.

The effect of oral vitamin E therapy (800 IU/day) on correcting haematologic variables and on raising the plasma vitamin E level among glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficient subjects with history of hemolysis was studied. After 16 week period there was a positive response to vitamin E administration presented by sustained improvement in blood hemoglobin and plasma vitamin E concentrations. In the meanwhile, the vitamin E supplementation led to reduced reticulocytosis and control % hemolysis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Serum vitamin C, vitamin A and carotene values in infants in SWA/Namibia.

Serum vitamin C, vitamin A and carotene concentrations were measured in 425, 256 and 256 infants aged between 3 weeks and 12 months. Vitamin C concentrations were in general satisfactory, whereas vitamin A and especially carotene concentrations were unacceptably low in a large number of infants. concentrations were not correlated with age and sex nor with breast-feeding, but low and very low concentrations were more common after 6 months. Although clinical manifestations of the vitamin deficiencies were not present, the evidence points to an increased health risk for children.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1985

A multicompartmental model of vitamin A kinetics in rats with marginal liver vitamin A stores.

A linear, first-order, constant-coefficient multicompartmental model is presented which describes the dynamics of [3H]retinol turnover in adult rats with normal plasma retinol concentrations but low liver stores (less than 100 micrograms of retinol equivalents). To fit plasma and tissue (liver, kidney, and rest of carcass) tracer and tracee data, eight physiological compartments were required in the model: two in plasma (proposed to correspond to the retinol transport complex, and retinyl esters in plasma lipoproteins) and two each in liver, kidneys, and other extrahepatic tissues. Extensive recycling of retinol among plasma, liver, and the rest of carcass was also required. The model predicted that 44% of whole body vitamin A (143 micrograms) was in extrahepatic tissues. The vitamin A utilization rate (system disposal rate) was 6.9 micrograms of retinol equivalents/day. The system residence time (mean sojourn time) for vitamin A was 21 days, and the fractional catabolic rate for the system was 5%/day. The mean transit time (turnover time) for vitamin A in its plasma retinol transport complex was 0.078 days (1.9 hr); the residence time was 0.98 day, versus 11 days in the liver, 9 days in carcass, and 0.54 days in kidneys. The model predicted that, of the plasma turnover, 48% recycled to the liver and 52% to extrahepatic tissues. The liver retinol secretion rate was 48 micrograms/day, more than half of which was from recycled plasma retinol. Since the plasma retinol turnover rate (87 micrograms/day) was 13 times the system disposal rate, the data suggest that this is a high response system in which changes in the dynamics of recycling of retinol allow for rapid adjustment in vitamin A distribution in response to changes in nutritional, metabolic, or physiological conditions; and in which plasma retinol levels are controlled homeokinetically by changes in hepatic and extrahepatic recycling of holo retinol-binding protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

A new chromatographic system for vitamin D3 and its metabolites: resoluation of a new vitamin D3 metabolite.

A simple yet powerful new chromatographic procedure for vitamin D(3) and its metabolites is described. Liquid-gel partition chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 using a solvent of various percentages of CHCl(3) in Skellysolve B (petroleum ether, bp 67-69 degrees C) permits excellent resolution of vitamin D(3), 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3), and their more polar metabolites. Of special importance is the resolution of the metabolites of vitamin D(3) more polar than 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Because of this resolution, a new metabolite of vitamin D(3) has been demonstrated in the plasma of rats and in the intestines of chicks given 100 IU of vitamin D(3)-1,2-(3)H.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 binding proteins in liver diseases.

Serum vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 binding proteins (transcobalamins, TCS) were determined in patients with malaria, amoebic liver abscess, carcinoma of the liver, infectious hepatitis, cirrhosis and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) as well as in 60 blood donor subjects. Serum vitamin B12 in patients with infectious hepatitis, cirrhosis and CML were higher than that of the normal subjects. The values of unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity (UBBC) in patients with carcinoma of the liver, infectious hepatitis, cirrhosis were lower while that of patients with CML were higher than that of the normal subjects. A markedly increased TCI and decreased TCII was observed in patients with CML while these changes was much less in patients with other liver diseases. The difference was possibly due to a flooding of vitamin B12 from damaged liver cells into the circulation and the decreased synthesis of transcobalamins in patients with liver diseases while the increased granulocytes, the source of TCI, was much increased in patients with CML.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1982

[25-hydroxy-vitamin-D in serum of newborns and infants during continuous oral vitamin D treatment (author's transl)].

Using the Haddad modified method, 25-OH-D were measured in the blood of the umbilical cord of 29 infants and in peripheral serum after 6 weeks. 16 infants were given a daily dosage of 1000 I. E., 13 infants 500 I. E. vitamin D against rickets. Further they were fed with an adapted milk containing 400 I. E. vitamin D/1. The mean cord serum values were 13 and 15 ng/ml. After treatment with 1000 I. E., 25-OH-D values around 54 ng/ml were measured after 6 weeks and under 500 I. E. daily, values of 37 ng/ml, respectively. Treatment using a dosage of 500 I. E. vitamin D combined with feeding with vitamin D fortified milk seems adequate, to prevent vitamin D depletion.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1983

Free radical protection: why vitamin E, not vitamin C, beta-carotene or glutathione?

There is increasing evidence that as a result of infection or the action of toxic chemicals or radiation, the body may be continuously exposed to the damaging action of free radicals. While previous results have suggested that zinc may be involved in limiting the formation of these highly reactive species, natural organic antioxidants such as vitamin E may also play an important role in reducing their effect. Recent results showing quantitative and qualitative differences in the free radical reactivity of vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene and glutathione are reported. The possibility that in vivo these compounds may sometimes act synergistically is discussed in the light of recent information on hydrogen atom and electron transfer reactions and the long-established findings that vitamin C can augment the antioxidant action of vitamin E whereas iron salts can have a deleterious effect.

Animals↗