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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The domestication syndrome within Hybrid Perpetuals roses: the effect of unconscious selection on flavonoids.

Cultivated GallicanaexChinenses hybrids of roses, namely Hybrid Perpetuals, were compared with their parents as to morphology, petal colour, flavonol and anthocyanin metabolism. Morphology exhibited clear patterns of hybridity. An objective measure of petal lightness (L) indicated that Hybrid Perpetuals were submitted to a selection pressure favouring dark-flowered cultivars. When compared to the parental flavonoid metabolisms, Hybrid Perpetuals exhibited increased synthesis of anthocyanin and quercetin. High amounts of anthocyanin in Hybrid Perpetuals resulted from the selection of deeper-coloured flowers. High amounts of quercetin were correlated with enhanced anthocyanin synthesis, so that this originality of the flavonol metabolism was interpreted on biogenetic ground as a repercussion of this same selection pressure. Finally, the patterns of variation of flavonol glycosides within the Hybrid Perpetuals reflected the indirect selection pressure for the quercetin end-products, and with the ancestral hybridizations for the kaempferol derivatives.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

[Cerebral evoked potentials and conscious and unconscious recognition of faces: application to the study of prosopagnosia].

Twelve normal subjects and a prosopagnosic patient were tested in a classification task of a random display of well-known among unknown faces. Each face was presented several times. Event-related potentials (ERP) and reaction time (RT) were studied as a function of face repetition and familiarity. For normal subjects, the greater the repetition level, the more positive ERPs were on both hemispheres: between 250 and 600 msec. Moreover, the familiarity of faces modified ERPs between 350 and 600 msec. In contrast for the patient, the greater the repetition, the more negative the ERPs were. This "negative effect" was maximum on right parieto-temporal leads and was longer for unrecognized well-known than for unknown faces. These results support a differential processing of faces as a function of their memory representations for both normal subjects and patients. They further demonstrate the existence of covert face recognition processes in prosopagnosia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Recognition and lexical decision without detection: unconscious perception?

Stimulus detection and concurrent measures of stimulus recognition were compared to establish whether perception occurs in the absence of detection. The target stimuli were familiar words (Experiments 1 and 2), nonwords (Experiment 3), or both words and nonwords (Experiment 4). On each trial, either a stimulus or a blank field was presented. Ss first decided whether a stimulus had been presented and then made either a forced-choice recognition decision (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) or a lexical decision (Experiment 4). Both words and nonwords were recognized and discriminated following correct detections (i.e., hits). However, in the absence of stimulus detection (i.e., misses), only words were recognized or discriminated. These qualitatively different patterns of results following hits and misses for words and nonwords suggest that stimulus detection may provide an adequate measure of conscious awareness.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Conscious and unconscious lexical retrieval blocking in younger and older adults.

The effects of orthographically overlapping prime words in a word fragment completion task (modified from S. M. Smith & D. R. Tindell, 1997) were studied in younger and older adults. Participants studied words and then completed word fragments corresponding to those words. Fragments were preceded by a blocking, unrelated, or neutral prime. In Experiment 1, all participants were slower and less likely to complete the word fragments correctly in the blocking prime condition. Older adults also were more likely to use the blocking prime to incorrectly complete the word fragment compared with younger adults, even when warned against doing so (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 used a masked priming paradigm in younger adults to examine whether conscious processing of the prime word was necessary to produce blocking effects. Reliable blocking effects were obtained, including an intrusion rate similar to that observed in older adults in the first two experiments. These results suggest that certain aspects of word-finding failures in normal aging may be related to the reduced ability to control the activation of a lexical competitor when attempting to retrieve a target word.

Adult↗