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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

A training program for interprofessional health care teams.

Interprofessional approaches to practice have gained increased popularity. This paper describes a course in team training for professionals in health care. It is an overview of the course's content with a discussion of the problems and issues that arose as the course was designed and implemented. It concludes with a discussion of the outcomes and evaluations of the students' and faculty's experience.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2002

Self-control: toward systematic training programs.

Selected literature is reviewed regarding the question, How may children's self-control skills be developed or improved through training? It is premature to give up on psychosocial methods of training self-control. Self-control is fostered by being in a long-term positive relationship with a dependable person who communicates the value of this goal; working at self-control challenges carefully chosen to be at the correct level of difficulty for present skill; getting many positive models of the successful exercise of self-control; logging in many hours of practice where valued rewards are contingent upon greater and greater exercise of effort; learning that valued rewards can be obtained by effort, and thereby learning to enjoy effort; using fantasy rehearsal; learning compliance skills; learning verbal concepts (including a term for self-control itself) that affect the world view in ways conducive to this skill; learning the art of self-instruction; learning to remove oneself from tempting stimuli, physically and mentally; and learning self-monitoring.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teaching and assessing surgical competency in ophthalmology training programs.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has mandated implementation of six new competencies in resident training in the United States. An implementation strategy is proposed to teach and assess cataract surgical competence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An intradepartmental Task Force for the ACGME competencies reviewed the literature for assessment tools to develop an implementation matrix for assessing surgical competence. RESULTS: "Good practices" (gleaned from the literature) were adapted for the institution's needs and tested, including (1) written and explicit goals or objectives for each stage of training; (2) substitution of a criterion-referenced (Dreyfus model) scoring rubric for a norm-referenced, peer-benchmarked global evaluation; (3) use of formative rather than summative feedback; (4) incorporation of deliberate practice (Ericsson model); and (5) portfolio-based documentation of sentinel event markers and remediation. CONCLUSION: An implementation matrix for teaching and assessing surgical competence might be useful for local compliance with the ACGME mandate.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1975

[The position of concentrated relaxation in a training program for the psychoprerention of myocardial infarction].

After a summarised presentation of the institutional framework and of the aims of a training programme developed from psychotherapeutic and social psychological techniques, the method of concentrated relaxation is described in detail and its especial function in the first phase of training is explained. Through prompt realization results being made available through identification being made easier by the assigning into groups, through the stimulation of independent activity and the creation of an initial awareness of the problem, concentrated relaxation becomes the upholding element of this first phase, the aim of which is the increasing of motivation towards further participation in training in this relatively unsusceptible group.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of a sensorimotor training program on patients with subacromial pain syndrome].

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a special sensorimotor exercise rehabilitation program on shoulder function. In a prospective intervention study we evaluated 32 patients with subacromial pain syndrome, all of whom took part in a conservative rehabilitation program. No patient had surgery on the shoulder involved prior to the study. All patients performed a standardised sensorimotor training for the glenohumeral joint, which involved, in particular, the glenohumeral and scapulothoracal stabilisers. In this rehabilitation program special proprioceptive exercise tools (body-blade, BOING) were used as well as Tai Chi and aquatic gymnastics. The entire program lasted 4 weeks and was performed and supervised by the same physiotherapist. Prior to and after the program all patients underwent a standardised series of tests. These included the Constant- and the UCLA-Score tests and sensorimotor functions with an angle reproduction test, a threshold to motion test as well as isometric strength testing with a Cybex unit. Prior to the rehabilitation program all subjects showed decreased proprioceptive capabilities. This was particularly evident in the threshold to motion test. After 4 weeks of rehabilitation, significant increases in the Constant- and UCLA-Score tests were found. The sensorimotor test also showed an increased proprioceptive capability especially in the threshold to motion test. The angle reproduction test showed only moderate improvement, whereas the isokinetic strength test showed no improvement at all. The present study shows that patients with subacromial pathology suffer from a proprioceptive deficit which can be improved by a special rehabilitation program within only 4 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A simultaneous treatment comparison of three expressive language training programs with a mute autistic child.

A study was conducted in order to simultaneously compare the relative effectiveness of three different language training models (total communication sign training, nonverbal "sign-alone" training, and oral [vocal] training) for teaching expressive language skills to a 4 1/2-year-old mute autistic child. A single-subject, alternating-treatment (multielement) design with replication within subject was used to compare the rate of expressive word acquisition across training models. Results show the total communication model to be substantially superior to both oral and sign-alone training models, and place in question the theory of an intersensory integration disability to explain the success of sign language. Alternatively, the data suggest that the use of physical prompts combined with multisensory inputs provide a basis for the demonstrated success.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Can line clinicians master the conceptual complexities of dialectical behavior therapy? An evaluation of a State Department of Mental Health training program.

Dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder has rapidly attained wide-spread popularity, with one indication being the development of training initiatives by the Department of Mental Health within at least two States in USA. Efficacy data published by the originator of the treatment, Marsha Linehan, and her colleagues, probably accounts at least in part for this popularity. However, the complexity of DBT raises a fundamental question regarding these broader applications: can clinicians of diverse backgrounds acquire a shared and sophisticated understanding of the treatment theory? The clinical utility of a treatment rests heavily upon ease of dissemination (APA, Template for developing guidelines: Interventions for mental disorders and psychosocial aspects of physical disorders. Washington, DC: Author, 1995), and in that regard DBT--a complicated, multifaceted approach--could appear vulnerable. This vulnerability is heightened when institutional adoption involves the collaboration of numerous clinicians, who, despite occupying diverse roles, must nevertheless develop a shared understanding of the treatment. Using a detailed examination of DBT knowledge, we evaluated the conceptual mastery of 109 clinicians trained via a State Department of Mental Health initiative. Performance on the examination correlated specifically with DBT training. Prior education or background in behavior therapy accounted for little variance, indicating that clinicians occupying diverse roles acquired reasonable intellectual mastery over this complex model.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The influence of an arduous military training program on immune function and upper respiratory tract infection incidence.

The effects of the first 19 weeks of U.K. Parachute Regiment (PARA) training on upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) incidence and immune function (circulating leukocyte counts, lymphocyte subsets, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated neutrophil degranulation, and salivary immunoglobulin A concentrations) were investigated for 14 PARA recruits and 12 control subjects. No significant differences were reported between groups for the number or duration of URTIs, lymphocyte subsets, or salivary immunoglobulin A concentrations during training. URTI incidence was greater in the PARA group at weeks 2 and 3 (p < 0.05), coinciding with a decrease in circulating leukocyte and lymphocyte counts (p < 0.05). Neutrophil degranulation was similar in the PARA and control groups at weeks 0 and 19. Decreases in saliva flow rate occurred in the PARA group at week 15 and weeks 18 to 20 (p < 0.05). These results show a limited effect of PARA training on URTI incidence and immune function. The progressive decrease in saliva flow rate during PARA training may indicate an ensuing state of hypohydration.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The replication of the educational activities of a course developed by the National Training Program for social health workers for controlling HIV infection].

A course for regional trainers was organized by the Working Group for HIV training (PFH) and held in Rome. This course has motivated the participants and has given them the ability to organize similar training activities at local level. The training methodology, the evaluation methods and the objectives used in the course are described. An investigation has been carried out by the Working Group of PFH to evaluate the training activity of the participants at the regional level. The results show that 17 out of the 25 participants have been able to organize a total number of 53 peripheral courses and train 2144 health workers. The training methodology and the evaluation method utilized at the different local levels have followed the ones used in the central course.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of a training program for detection of carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology-sponsored training packet for identification of carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs. STUDY DESIGN: Two examiners, who completed the training (trainees), examined 778 panoramic radiographs. The sample included 298 men, with a mean age of 66, and 480 women, with a mean age of 68. Findings were compared with those obtained by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist. A kappa statistic was used to determine agreement between the 2 trainees. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the program was estimated by comparing the trainees rating of disease status with an expert in case identification. RESULTS: Examiners 1 and 2 identified 99 and 78 positive cases, respectively. A kappa statistic of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81-0.92) was obtained, indicating good interexaminer agreement. The expert identified 27 positive cases, resulting in a PPV of 34.6% (95% CI, 24.4-46.3). CONCLUSION: Although the training packet offers valuable training, it does not provide a high PPV, suggesting the need to modify it or to seek an expert opinion before classification of a patient as having calcification on a panoramic radiograph.

Aged↗