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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Osteopetrosis of temporal bone with blockage of the eustachian tube. A case report.

Osteopetrosis is an inherited disorder characterized by bone sclerosis. One of the more predominant feature of the disease in the temporal bone is conductive hearing loss due to anomalous bone formation in the middle ear and to otitis media. A 55-year-old woman affected by the adult type of osteopetrosis was referred to our department with a long history of otitis media. CT study demonstrated a narrowing of Eustachian tube due to abnormal deposition of sclerotic bone; this condition was confirmed during surgery. Tubotomy was performed during tympanoplastic surgery and there were no relapse of otitis after 12 months of follow up. Timpanoplastic surgery should be considered in those cases where medical treatment has failed in dealing with otitis media. In our experience an enlargement of Eustachian tube shuld be performed in this kind of patients, thus helping the functional recovery and the potential well-being of the patient as we observed in our case.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1996

Trauma to the external auditory canal and temporal bone.

Sources of trauma to the external auditory canal range from impaction of small foreign bodies to severely comminuted temporal bone fractures sustained after blunt or penetrating forces. This article provides an overview of commonly encountered injuries. The proposed systematic approach to evaluation and management is meant to serve as a guide to individualizing patient care.

Ear, External↗
PubMed1988

Pseudoankylosis of the mandible after temporal bone attached craniotomy.

Mandibular hypomobility after intracranial surgical procedures is seldom encountered. A case of limited oral opening after temporal bone attached craniotomy is described. The condition is due to fibrosis of the temporalis muscle resulting in a pseudoankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. The appropriate operative intervention is transoral coronoidectomy, which restores normal joint function.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone: description of a case and review of the literature].

Only a few cases of fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone (monostotic form) have been described in the literature. The recent observation of a 15-year-old child presenting this pathology led the authors to review the literature available and to analyze the most common aspects of this disease. The clinical and radiological aspects, the differential diagnosis, histopathological features and therapeutical approaches are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A planimetric study of therapy-dependent development of temporal bone pneumatization in secretory otitis media.

The present study is based on the results of a planimetric investigation of temporal bone pneumatization in 43 children. Radiological and clinical follow-up studies 10 years after therapy for secretory otitis media indicate an adaptation in the size of pneumatization to an almost normal area. The increase shows that a myringotomy is sufficient in cases of serous effusion, whereas a mucous fluid requires long-term middle ear ventilation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

New aspects of facial nerve pathology in temporal bone fractures.

Electron microscopic examination of intratemporal facial nerve segments removed from 12 patients with persisting facial paralysis following temporal bone fractures revealed that traumatic injury at the geniculum induces retrograde degeneration through the labyrinthine and distal meatal segments of the facial nerve. Fibrosis may occur in the traumatized labyrinthine segment and block regenerating motor fibers. The surgical treatment of traumatic facial nerve injuries should be aimed to avoid or eliminate fibrosis within the labyrinthine segment of the Fallopian canal.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

[X-ray tomography in fractures of the temporal bone and injuries of the ossicula (author's transl)].

Since a high percentage of cross-fractures of the temporal bone cannot be verified in standard projections, tomography is indicated under clinical aspects. With this technique even small fractures concerning the meatus acusticus internus, the labyrinth, and the proximal part of the canalis facialis can be diagnosed. Experimental data concerning longitudinal fractures with facial palsy show the course of the fracture but not the exact point of the lesion. Additional information will be given to verify luxations or displacement of the ossicula.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Radiologic approach to paragangliomas of the temporal bone.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has become the primary radiologic method for evaluation of paragangliomas of the temporal bone. The HRCT evaluation of the integrity of certain bony landmarks has a profound effect on selection of surgical approach. The most important landmarks are the bony walls separating the carotid artery and the jugular bulb from the middle ear. Arteriography is not necessary if the lesion is confined to the middle ear. However, it is indicated in tumors that have eroded the above landmarks or in those patients with related neurologic symptoms.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal bone findings in a case of sudden deafness and relapsing polychondritis.

Light microscopic examination was made of the right temporal bone from a 57-year-old female who developed sudden total hearing loss in both ears 1 year before death. The patient had suffered from relapsing polychondritis for 1 1/2 years prior to death. Pathological changes were compatible with known viral endolymphatic labyrinthritis. Slight ossification and fibrous tissue proliferation in the perilymphatic space seem to have been caused by a spread of infection from the middle ear. Susceptibility to viral infection in the labyrinth in patients with a long-devastating illness is discussed.

Acoustic Maculae↗
PubMed1986

Temporal bone region: high-resolution MR imaging using surface coils.

Specially designed surface coils for the region of the temporal bone enable high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the structures of the inner ear. Eight healthy volunteers and 21 patients (six with cholesteatomas, five with acoustic neuromas, five with glomus tumors, and five with mastoiditis) were examined using a 0.5-T MR imager. The demarcation of tumor extent with MR imaging was better than with computed tomography because of improved soft-tissue contrast and because the surrounding bony tissue did not generate any signal. High-resolution MR imaging is particularly useful for small acoustic neuromas because of its higher specificity compared with gas cisternography.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Clinical and experimental study on facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To study the main prognostic factors and significance of facial nerve decompression for facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture. METHODS: The main relative prognostic factors of 64 patients with facial paralysis were analyzed. An experimental model of facial paralysis was made. The expansion rates of facial nerve in the facial canal opening group and the facial canal non-opening group were measured and observed under electron microscope. RESULTS: The main factors affecting the prognosis were facial nerve decompression and selection of surgery time. The expansion rate of facial nerve in the facial canal opening group was significantly higher than that of the facial canal non-opening group (t=7.53, P<0.01). The injury degree of the nerve fiber in the facial canal non-opening group was severe. CONCLUSIONS: Early facial nerve decompression is beneficial to restoration of the facial nerve function.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Magnetic susceptibility artifacts on high-resolution MR of the temporal bone.

PURPOSE: To determine whether signal variations and subtle anatomic deformities observed in high-resolution MR studies of temporal bones were caused by the large susceptibility differences at air-fluid interfaces near the round and oval window. METHODS: A systematic study of healthy subjects and plastic phantoms was conducted. The phantom consisted of a series of cylindrical holes of various small sizes within a solid block of plastic. These holes were partially filled with water and then covered with a reservoir of gelatin to simulate the otic capsule air-water interfaces. On a 1.5-T system, T2-weighted fast spin-echo images and three-dimensional Fourier transform gradient acquisition in steady state images were obtained using dedicated phased-array radio frequency coils. The directions of the frequency and in-plane phase-encoding gradients were swapped, and the receiver bandwidth was changed to demonstrate the dependence of the artifacts on these parameters. RESULTS: The phantom images confirmed and characterized artifacts consistent with magnetic susceptibility differences at the air-water interfaces. There is a combination of signal loss, misregistration in the frequency-encoding direction, and high signal foci related to the air-water interfaces. Furthermore, the artifacts were worse with narrower receiver bandwidth. Similar consistent artifact patterns were seen near the oval and round windows in studies of healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In high-resolution MR imaging there are significant deformities in the display of the normal anatomy because of magnetic susceptibility.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphometric comparison of endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces in human temporal bones.

To measure the endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces, we used human temporal bones (horizontal serial sections) under two selection criteria: absence of otological pathology, and absence of artifact in the membranous labyrinth (boundary between endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces) maintaining an intact structural integrity. Under magnified projection, the area of scala tympani, scala vestibuli, scala media, vestibular endolymphatic space, and vestibular perilymphatic space were measured separately, using a microcomputer digitizing tablet. Three repeated measurements were obtained and averaged. The mean total labyrinthine fluid space was 204.5 mm3; the mean total endolymphatic space was 38.1 mm3 and mean total perilymphatic space 166.4 mm3. The mean total vestibular fluid space was 120.9 mm3 and mean total cochlear fluid space 83.6 mm3. In the vestibule, the perilymphatic space occupied 74.8%, and the endolymphatic space, 25.2%, whereas 90.8% of the cochlear fluid space was occupied by perilymph.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone.

Fibrous dysplasia is a slowly progressive bony disorder where normal bone is replaced by abnormal fibro-osseous tissue. Its monostotic variety in the temporal bone is very rare and such a case is presented here. Computed tomography (CT) may be adequate for the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients. Limited surgery should only be considered in cases of symptomatic disease.

Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Indications for surgical treatment of fractures of the pyramid of the temporal bone].

On the basis of data from literature and personal experience, the authors precise indications for surgery of the fractured temporal bone. They suggest that after appeasement of neurosurgical phase of the disease operation should only be carried out if peripheric paralysis of the facial nerve, conductive deafness and otoliquorrheoa, are evident. In addition to these indications they also suggest operation in patients with chronic otitis due to injury or if this process preceded the injury.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

A temporal bone preparation for the study of cochlear micromechanics at the cellular level.

An in vitro preparation of the guinea pig temporal bone was developed for studying the micromechanical behaviour of the cochlea. The preparation consists of the cochlea opened at the apex, allowing observation of cellular structures within the cochlear partition with an optical sectioning microscope and measurements of cellular vibration with laser interferometry. The middle ear ossicles and the tympanic membrane are left intact as well as the bony part of the external auditory canal, which is used for delivering a sound stimulus to the cochlea.

Acoustic Stimulation↗