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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Chronic toxoplasmosis in pregnant women--an epidemiological and social problem].

Frequency of pregnancy miscarriage was analized in 52 women with chronic toxoplasmosis treated clinically. The pregnancy miscarriage was found in 78.4% of cases including abortion-48.7%, premature and immature delivery resulting in death-17.1% and newborns with congenital defects-12.6%, of with 78.6% died shortly after the delivery. The percentage of normal pregnancy amounted to 21.6% and in 3 cases newborns with congenital defects survived. It was shown that chronic toxoplasmosis is dangerous for successive pregnancies and it is not restricted to one pregnancy only.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1983

[Tomodensitometric aspects of a case of intracranial toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed patient].

The case of a 42 years old man who had a monoblastic acute leukemia treated by a bone-marrow graft is described. The patient died of a cerebral toxoplasmosis and a cerebral computed tomography done two days before is correlated with anatomopathologic slices done in the same planes than the computed tomagraphy examination. There is a good correlation between necrotic abceded areas and hypodense areas accompanied by serpiginous fixations of contrast media. The immunocompromised patient is very favorable for the development of a cerebral toxoplasmosis. CT, while not specific, has the advantage to suspect the diagnosis which must be discussed with other oportunistic infections, leukemic infiltrates, methotrexate encephalopathy, progressive multifocal encephalopathy, and small infarcts.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Toxoplasmosis: a treatable neurologic disease in the immunologically compromised patient.

A 10-year-old girl with aplastic anemia developed seizures and a mild hemiparesis following a bone marrow transplant. Based on serologic evidence and a computed tomography scan, which showed a left parietal lucency with ring enhancement, a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was considered. A brain biopsy of the lucent area demonstrated the inflammation and necrosis but no organisms were seen. During a six-week course of pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and folinic acid therapy there was clinical and neuroradiologic resolution. The short course of therapy as well as the inadvertent substitution of folic acid for folinic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for sulfadiazine resulted in the reappearance of neurologic deficits. Reinstitution of appropriate therapy produced gradual improvement over a nine-month period. Serial computer tomography scans correlated with the clinical course. In the immunologically compromised host CNS toxoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an evolving CNS syndrome. Early detection and prolonged therapy with appropriate drugs can result in a favorable outcome. Computed tomography scanning may be helpful in diagnosis and follow-up.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1982

Leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) by a specific antigen in human toxoplasmosis.

The diagnostic value of the leukocyte migration inhibition test was examined by comparing it to other specific laboratory methods i.e. complement fixation, indirect haemagglutination and skin test in 10 patients with acquired lymphoglandular toxoplasmosis. In the acute phase the serological tests gave more reliable results than did the LMI test. In subacute and chronic cases, however, there was a good correlation between dermal reactivity and LMI test. LMI is believed to represent a specific test for the detection of cellular hypersensitivity in human toxoplasmosis and so it can be used as a non-invasive method instead of dermal tests.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1981

[Congenital ocular toxoplasmosis and late recurrences (author's transl)].

Congenital toxoplasmosis is essentially characterized on the ophthalmological point view by a pathognomonic focus of necrotic chorioretinitis in the cicatricial stage and taking the aspect of a rose-window, which is seen in more than 50% of the cases. The late recurrences of this ocular toxoplasmosis are not rare and may be seen in nearly one third of the cases. They may be due to a congenital toxoplasmic cyst, which may exist in a healthy retina in the absence of any old cicatricial focus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Clindamycin therapy for toxoplasmosis.

Clindamycin hydrochloride hydrate (Cleocin), a semisynthetic antibiotic shown experimentally to be effective in ocular toxoplasmosis in the rabbit, was used in the treatment of four patients with active retinochoroiditis secondary to toxoplasmosis. The drug was administered subjunctivally on alternate days for 30 days. Both subjective and objective evidence indicated beneficial results in these patients during the first 30 days. One of the four did not respond during the first 30 days but did respond during an extended period. One of those who responded initially had exacerbations when the drug was stopped and required treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Toxoplasmosis as an unusual cause of massive lymph node enlargement.

An immunologically competent adult with acquired toxoplasmosis presented with inguinal lymphadenopathy and associated lymphatic and venous obstruction. A diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was made by demonstration the presence of the trophozoite, and response to therapy, while satisfactory, was slow. Recrudescence of lymphadenopathy was associated with a change from reactive lymphadenitis to angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. There was a dramatic improvement following local therapy and systemic corticosteroids and chlorambucil. The patient remains well.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serological studies of the diffusion of toxoplasmosis in a sample of the population of northern Italy].

The prevalence of toxoplasmosis as results by serologic tests (agglutination test = Fulton test and indirect emoagglutination test) of 904 subjects of North Italy was determined. Serologic signs of toxoplasmosis were present by only one or by both two tests in 66.4% and respectively in 64.1% of these subjects. The prevalence increased highly from the first 5 years of life, reach c.a. 40% at 20th year and 60% in the group of subjects of 20-24 years. The results of Fulton test and indirect hemoagglutination test correlate very well. 96.6% of the levels of Fulton test were from 1:16 to 1:128 and 76.9% of those of passive hemoagglutination test were from 1:64 to 1:512.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Protective immunity against clinical toxoplasmosis in dairy goats vaccinated with Hammondia hammondi and Hammondia heydorni.

To determine the virulence of Toxoplasma gondii, twelve 2- to 3-month-old goats were inoculated orally with 1,000 to 100,000 infective oocysts of the GT-1 strain of T gondii. Four of 4 goats inoculated with 100,000 oocysts, 4 of 4 goats inoculated with 10,000 oocysts, and 2 of 4 inoculated with 1,000 oocysts died (or became moribund) of acute toxoplasmosis 7 to 26 days after inoculation. Goats vaccinated with Hammondia hammondi or H heydorni were challenge exposed with 10,000 or 100,000 oocysts (10 or 100 median lethal doses). Four of 4 goats vaccinated with H hammondi survived after challenge exposure with 10,000 T gondii oocysts, whereas only 2 of 4 goats survived challenge exposure with 100,000 T gondii oocysts. Of 4 goats vaccinated with H heydorni, 3 died or were euthanatized 13, 14, and 26 days after challenge exposure with 10,000 T gondii oocysts. Goats vaccinated with H hammondi developed low levels of Sabin-Feldman dye test antibodies (less than or equal to 1:64) to T gondii antigen, whereas H heydorni-vaccinated goats generally remained seronegative. The results indicate that goats may be a model to investigate immune protection after vaccination with H hammondi against clinical toxoplasmosis in animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Toxoplasmosis and habitual abortion. Our experience.

The possibility that toxoplasmosis may be an important cause of single or repeated abortion has been considered for some time. The agreement among various authors is, however, far from being reached, above all in the case of habitual abortion. The present research shows that the frequency of positive serological tests on patients with habitual abortion is not substantially different from that of a control group, and that toxoplasmosis, even if only latent, may only in exceptional cases be considered a cause of habitual abortion.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1980

[Acute toxoplasmosis outbreak in rabbit flocks].

Acute toxoplasmosis occurred in 2-18 month old domestic rabbits of 15 flocks entailing losses of 3-66%. Pathomorphological examinations of 49 rabbits revealed lesions of a generalized granulomatous-necrotizing toxoplasmosis with spleen, liver, lungs and lymphonodes mainly affected. Similarities existed to pseudotuberculosis. The spleen was massively packed with pseudocysts and cysts of Toxoplasma. Electronmicroscopic examinations of organ specimens fixed in formalin assured the identity of Toxoplasma and serological tests (CFT, SFT, IFAT) as well as the mouse test confirmed it.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immunological analyses of antigens associated with experimental toxoplasmosis.

By immunoelectrophoresis of periotoneal exudates and toxoplasma cell antigens from mice and hamsters infected with Toxoplasma gondii, using their corresponding rabbit antisera absorbed with serum of uninfected animals, eleven precipitating antigens were distinguished and named No. 1--11 in order of increasing electrophoretic mobility. Monospecific rabbit antisera against two of these antigens (antigen No. 1 and 11) were prepared by immunization with antigen purified by zone electrophoresis, and were used for immunochemical analyses: the component with higher mobility on immunoelectrophoresis, antigen No. 11, was detectable only in association with toxoplasma infection of mice, hamsters, rats and guinea pigs. Antigen No. 11 was also detectable as a single major antigen in the medium of cultures of L cells infected with T. gondii, RH strain. In contrast, antigen No. 1 was detectable in uninfected mice in peritoneal exudates, and homogenates of thymus, liver and spleen, but not of brain or lymphocytes. In the latex agglutination test (LAT) for toxoplasmosis, anti-No. 1 serum gave a positive reaction, but anti-No. 11 gave a negative one. In 31 anti-toxoplasmosis sera examined, there was no correlation between the number of precipitating antibodies detectable by immunoelectrophoresis and the LAT titer.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Spinal cord toxoplasmosis and AIDS].

Toxoplasmosis is the most common brain parasitic infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Spinal cord localisations are still rare (2 cases with cerebral involvement, 2 cases without). A case of both spinal cord and cerebral involvement is reported. MR imaging was performed because of sensory level (L1). A focal conus medullaris enlargement was seen, iso intense on T1 weighted images. This lesion was hyperintense on T2 weighted sequence, and was homogeneously enhanced after Gadolinium on T1 weighted images. A medullary oedema was noted. A toxoplasmosis treatment was initiated, without corticotherapy. MR imaging performed one month later (D30), while important clinical improvements were seen, pointed out normal thickness of conus medullaris, without enhancement after Gadolinium. Disease lesions in AIDS with focal spinal cord processes are reviewed, and diagnostic work-up is discussed. Spinal cord single lesion, associated or not with brain involvements should be treated as a toxoplasmic infection, with MR imaging follow up. This work up should avoid medullary biopsy, still required in case of treatment failure. Cerebral involvements, with multiples lesions, can mask medullary localisation.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

[Diagnosis of acquired toxoplasmosis using simultaneous determination of specific immunoglobulins M, A and E].

Simultaneous estimation of specific immunoglobulins M,A,E was tested in sera of 57 patients with confirmed acquired toxoplasmosis (24 acute and 33 subacute or chronic) using immunosorbent agglutination assay (ISAGA) and immunofluorescent tests (toxoplasma antibody-total and IgM). The antigen for ISAGA was prepared from tissue cultures HeLa infected with Toxoplasma gondii virulent strain P. Toxoplasmas were maintained in tissue cultures continuously for 18 years. High levels of IgM antibodies were found in all 24 patients during the acute phase of toxoplasmosis (0-5 month after onset). IgA antibodies were found also in all but one and IgE in 71% of these patients. IgM antibodies persisted for the longest period and it was possible to find them in 14% of patients 3 years or longer after the onset, IgA antibodies persisted for 9 months similarly as IgE (with one exception after 2 years). Simultaneous estimation of specific immunoglobulins M,A,E combined with immunofluorescent tests makes the diagnosis of Toxoplasma infection more reliable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Pulmonary toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients: usefulness of polymerase chain reaction and cell culture.

Toxoplasmosis is a serious opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The lung is a major site of infection after the central nervous system. The aim of the study was to assess the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell culture for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii. One hundred and thirty two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with respiratory manifestations, who underwent fibreoptic bronchoalveolar lavage, were investigated. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii was compared using three techniques: Giemsa staining; polymerase chain reaction with specific primers derived from the P30 gene; and culture on the MRC5 cell line. Toxoplasma gondii was detected in the same four samples by all three techniques. We conclude that PCR adds little to conventional (and cheaper) tools already used to diagnose pulmonary toxoplasmosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Diagnosis of induced toxoplasmosis in neonatal cats.

Sixteen pregnant queens were inoculated orally with tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii, and fetal membranes and offspring were examined for T gondii infection by bioassay in mice. Queens appeared clinically normal, although all shed T gondii oocysts. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissues of 7 of 33 fetuses or kittens from 5 litters (at 13, 23, 26, 27, and 29 postinoculation days) from 8 queens euthanatized between 10 and 31 postinoculation days. Infection with T gondii was found in kittens from all 8 litters from the 8 queens that were allowed to undergo parturition and nurse their kittens. A total of 43 kittens were born to these 8 queens. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from tissues of 26 of 40 kittens bioassayed; in 3 kittens, tissues were not available for bioassay. Toxoplasmosis was severe in full-term kittens born to 5 queens; all 25 kittens from these litters died or were ill by 24 days of age. Anorexia, lethargy, hypothermia, and sudden death were the most common manifestations. Cytologic examination of peritoneal fluid aspirate samples and determination of hepatic-associated enzyme concentrations in affected kittens, as well as measurement of anti-T gondii antibodies in serum of kittens and queens, were helpful in the diagnosis of neonatal toxoplasmosis. Transplacental transfer of anti-T gondii antibodies was not observed in cats. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were found in fecal samples of 3 kittens from different litters at 16, 24, and 63 days of age.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1995

Late toxoplasmosis evidenced by PCR in a marrow transplant recipient.

We report a case of disseminated toxoplasmosis occurring 12 months after allogeneic BMT. The patient was seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii, and the donor was seronegative, so the patient was given anti-Toxoplasma prophylaxis. One year after BMT, he developed fever and muscle pain without other clinical symptoms. PCR amplification for T. gondii performed on blood was positive. Toxoplasma were found in bronchoalveolar lavage by PCR and in the marrow by special stains. With treatment, the PCR signal disappeared in 3 days while clinical symptoms resolved over 15 days. This case emphasizes the possibility of late toxoplasmosis after BMT despite prophylatic treatment, and the value of PCR in making the diagnosis.

Adult↗