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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[The value of radiographic examinations of the thorax in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

The degree of pulmonary congestion seen on chest radiographs taken in the intensive care unit was compared with the end-diastolic pulmonary artery pressure in 65 patients with recent transmural myocardial infarcts without cardiogenic shock. There was good correlation between the radiographic appearances and the end-diatrolic pulmonary artery pressure, so that the severity of left heart insufficiency could be diagnosed radiologically at an early stage. Errors were due to the time interval which must pass before the radiographic appearances approximate the haemodynamic changes. This resulted in a diagnostic "phase lag" (following a rise in end-diastolic pulmonary artery pressure) or in a post-therapeutic "phase lag" (after a fall in end-diastolic pulmonary artery pressure). Repeated examinations allow one to recognize changes in the haemodynamics. One should pay particular attention to the features of pulmonary venous and pulmonary arterial hy

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Extravasation of contrast media in brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid space after CT or DSA of thorax or abdomen].

PURPOSE: Analysis of clinical and CT findings in patients with signs of disruption of the blood-brain or blood-CSF barrier after i.v. or i.a. administration of non-ionic contrast media. METHODS: 1. Retrospective analysis of 8 patients with clinical and CT findings of disruption of the blood-brain or blood-CSF barrier after i.v. or i.a. administration of non-ionic contrast media (200-450 ml). 2. Prospective analysis of 30 intensive care patients with sepsis and suspected abscess, who underwent CT of the chest and abdomen with 240 ml of a non-ionic contrast medium followed by cranial CT to rule out septic lesions. RESULTS: The retrospective analysis proved that disruption of the blood-brain barrier may occur in elderly patients with risk factors after injection of higher amounts of contrast media. In the prospective study, equivalent CT phenomena were observed in 3 of 30 patients with sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxemic and toxics damage to the blood-brain barrier as well as higher amounts of contrast media may result in extravasation of contrast medium into the CSF space, which can be demonstrated by CT. For differential diagnosis, the clinical symptoms and CT patterns of a disruption of the blood-brain or blood-CSF barrier should be known.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Hybrid 3-D rendering of the thorax and surface-based virtual bronchoscopy in surgical and interventional therapy control].

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the possibilities of a hybrid rendering method, the combination of a color-coded surface and volume rendering method, with the feasibility of performing surface-based virtual endoscopy with different representation models in the operative and interventional therapy control of the chest. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In 6 consecutive patients with partial lung resection (n = 2) and lung transplantation (n = 4) a thin-section spiral computed tomography of the chest was performed. The tracheobronchial system and the introduced metallic stents were visualized using a color-coded surface rendering method. The remaining thoracic structures were visualized using a volume rendering method. For virtual bronchoscopy, the tracheobronchial system was visualized using a triangle surface model, a shaded-surface model and a transparent shaded-surface model. RESULTS: The hybrid 3D visualization uses the advantages of both the color-coded surface and volume rendering methods and facilitates a clear representation of the tracheobronchial system and the complex topographical relationship of morphological and pathological changes without loss of diagnostic information. Performing virtual bronchoscopy with the transparent shaded-surface model facilitates a reasonable to optimal, simultaneous visualization and assessment of the surface structure of the tracheobronchial system and the surrounding mediastinal structures and lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid rendering relieve the morphological assessment of anatomical and pathological changes without the need for time-consuming detailed analysis and presentation of source images. Performing virtual bronchoscopy with a transparent shaded-surface model offers a promising alternative to flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2004

[Recurrent syncope after blunt trauma of the thorax].

HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 35-year-old patient presented with a non-penetrating chest trauma due to an automobile accident. Examinations showed a trauma of the left shoulder (reversed Hill-Sachs lesion). After diagnostic procedures, he underwent surgery four weeks later. During the hospital stay, the patient developed angina pectoris, dizziness and syncopes. INVESTIGATIONS AND DIAGNOSIS: When the patient was transferred to our institution a 12-leads electrocardiogram and blood analysis were unremarkable. Cardiac catheterization revealed a relaxation disorder of the left ventricular anterior wall with normal coronaries. The Holter-ECG detected with occasional attacks of dizziness and recurrent syncopes concurrent with intermittent episodes of high-degree atrioventricular block and supraventricular tachycardias. This led to the diagnosis of myocardial contusion with long term symptomatic arrhythmias. TREATMENT AND COURSE: Since syncopes and arrhythmias persisted over several weeks following myocardial contusion a combined therapy with a dual chamber pacemaker and beta-blocker was initiated. CONCLUSION: ECG monitoring after blunt chest trauma in the early period and after several days is mandatory to screen and prevent potentially life threatening posttraumatic arrhythmias.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

Ruptured hydatid cyst in the right thorax: differential diagnosis to pleural empyema.

We present a case of a hydatid cyst (Echinococcus granulosus) rupturing into the right pleural cavity. Clinical and radiological findings were consistent with a pleural effusion caused by pneumonia and led primarily to a wrong diagnosis. Pleural fluid analysis was suspicious for parapneumonic pleural empyema. After thoracoscopy led to the correct diagnosis a combined surgical and chemotherapy approach achieved complete remission.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed1996

[Radiological thorax monitoring in ventilated intensive-care patients].

PURPOSE: At many institutions chest x-rays (CXR) are routinely performed on mechanically ventilated patients on a daily basis. Among the aims of this study was the assessment of a) frequency of clinically relevant findings from routine CXR in surgical patients under mechanical ventilation, b) comparison of expectations of clinically important CXR findings with estimation of clinical relevance of findings once films were obtained, c) indications and clinical consequences of findings from CXR requested in addition to routine films. METHODS: Prospective study, 40 patients with 741 CXR. Standardised film reporting. Daily recording of clinical data by means of an evaluation score. Interview of intensive-care physicians for assessment of: what information was expected from any routine CXR? did CXR offer helpful information for further treatment planning? RESULTS: 26% of routine CXR had a considerable therapeutical impact. 43% of all routine CXR were expected to have an influence on patient management, 57% were not. 16% of those CXR that had been expected not to offer essential information, disclosed relevant findings. Of the additionally obtained CXR, 53% were performed to check position of endotracheal tube and catheters and 47% related to other indications. CONCLUSION: Critically ill surgical patients under mechanical ventilation should have daily CXR follow-up, as one-fourth of these films has an impact on the patient's management.

APACHE↗
PubMed1998

Meconium thorax: a case report and review of literature.

A case is presented in which extension of meconium peritonitis through muscular defects in the diaphragm lead to intrathoracic calcifications diagnosed sonographically at 23 weeks of gestation. There were three diaphragmatic defects, two small ones corresponded to foramina of Morgagni and one large posterior defect that did not correspond to the foramen of Bochdelak. There were three additional muscular defects: one in the rectus abdominus and two, bilaterally, in the loins. Despite long-standing fetal ascites and fresh intraperitoneal meconium at laparotomy, postoperative progress was uneventful. The baby did not have other dysmorphic features except for a single palmar crease, the chromosomes were normal, and the baby did not have cystic fibrosis. Follow-up examination at 10 months showed a thriving infant with mild hypotonia and developmental delay, but no respiratory or gastrointestinal problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The value of the AMBER system in demonstrating intrathoracic space-occupying lesions. A comparative ROC study of the AMBER and conventional technics for postero-anterior views of the thorax. Advanced Multiple Beam Equalization Radiography].

Since October 1991 the AMBER technique has been used for the diagnosis of chest diseases in about 4,000 patients. The ability of this technique, compared with conventional methods, for demonstrating intrathoracic masses on p.a. views has been assessed. Amongst the patients there were 43 with coin lesions, 18 with hilar and 33 with mediastinal masses. ROC analysis showed the AMBER technique to be superior in demonstrating coin lesions (AMBER 0.92, conventional 0.85) and mediastinal masses (AMBER 0.89, conventional 0.73). There was a small, statistically not significant, disadvantage in the AMBER technique for demonstrating hilar masses (AMBER 0.80, conventional 0.84).

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Electrocardiography changes in scoliosis and kyphosis deformities of the thorax].

Preoperative electrocardiograms and lung function tests in patients with severe scoliosis were compared. The electrocardiograms were analysed by recognizing signs of right ventricular hypertrophy and signs of right ventricular strain. The results are as follows: Dates of electrocardiography and lung function testing show a very good correlation. Scoliotic and kyphotic deformities show a clear dependency on grade of scoliosis and age. Electrocardiographic changes do not depend on additive kyphotic deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[High-resolution computed tomography of the thorax in lymphangioleiomyomatosis and tuberous sclerosis].

We present three cases that illustrate the HRCT appearance of pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis and pulmonary involvement in tuberous sclerosis. All patients had multiple cystic lesions diffusely distributed throughout the lungs. The lack of fibrotic changes was a prominent feature in all patients. HRCT correlated more closely than conventional CT with the pathologic findings.

Adult↗