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At least 1,243 records · Page 69Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Epizootic canine rabies transmitted by coyotes in south Texas.

Prior to 1988, rabies was reported only sporadically in coyotes. However, in the final 4 months of 1988, Starr County, Tex, which is situated on the US-Mexico border, experienced an epizootic of canine rabies, consisting of 6 laboratory-confirmed cases of rabies in coyotes and of 2 cases in domestic dogs. The first 3 cases were detected in coyotes, and the first case in a domestic dog was observed 84 days after the index case. Adjacent Hidalgo County reported 9 cases of rabies in dogs during the same time that rabid dogs were being reported in Starr County. In 1989, the epizootic primarily involved dogs: 15 dogs in Starr County and 19 dogs in Hidalgo County. Five rabid coyotes were reported in Starr County in 1989, and 1 rabid coyote was reported from Hidalgo County. In 1990, rabies was reported in 3 coyotes and in 31 dogs in Starr County; cases were not detected in Hidalgo County. During 1991, the epizootic expanded approximately 160 km northward, resulting in laboratory-confirmed cases in 42 coyotes and 25 dogs in 10 counties. In 1992, Webb and Willacy Counties became involved; 70 rabid coyotes and 41 rabid dogs were reported in 1992 from the 12-county area. During the first 6 months of 1993, there were 31 rabid coyotes and 38 rabid dogs reported from the same 12 south Texas counties. In May 1993, a raccoon infected with the canine rabies ecotype was reported from Cameron County. Antigenic and genetic analysis revealed the virus ecotype affecting dogs and coyotes to be that associated with urban canine rabies along the US-Mexico border.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The Texas Dental Peer Assistance Program and the impaired dental professional.

Chemical dependence is a devastating disease that, unless some form of intervention and treatment takes place, will ultimately destroy a person's life. Dentists are not immune to this malady. In fact, certain conditions of heredity, relative affluence, lifestyle, and drug availability may make them more susceptible. The Texas Dental Peer Assistance Program was formed to assist dentists who have a drug problem and whose goals include getting their lives back in order. Hopefully, this article will introduce this valuable program to those in need of its services.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1993

Challenges to quality care in Texas nursing facilities.

The American population is aging. Predictions for the future estimate that nearly 50% of those over age 65 will need long-term institutionalized care in nursing facilities at some time. Texas has gained national attention for the difficulties it faces in providing quality care to this vulnerable group. Nursing facilities face challenges in reimbursement, regulation, medical direction and nursing care, quality improvement, and ethical dilemmas. This article will attempt to present these challenges and offer solutions consistent with the goals and desires of consumers and providers.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center Library management information system.

A management information system (MIS) provides a means for collecting, reporting, and analyzing data from all segments of an organization. Such systems are common in business but rare in libraries. The Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library developed an MIS that operates on a system of networked IBM PCs and Paradox, a commercial database software package. The data collected in the system include monthly reports, client profile information, and data collected at the time of service requests. The MIS assists with enforcement of library policies, ensures that correct information is recorded, and provides reports for library managers. It also can be used to help answer a variety of ad hoc questions. Future plans call for the development of an MIS that could be adapted to other libraries' needs, and a decision-support interface that would facilitate access to the data contained in the MIS databases.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1994

Human rabies--Texas and California, 1993.

During November 1993, two persons, a resident of Texas and a visitor to California, died from rabies. This report summarizes epidemiologic and clinical information about these cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The determinants of early fertility decline in Texas.

This study examines the determinants of fertility control in a frontier population made up largely of German-Americans during the years from 1850 to 1910. The analysis employs a complex register of population constructed from census enumerations, civil and ecclesiastical vital registration, and tax assessment rolls. The article begins with a series of bivariate analyses with cohort of mother's birth, religion, ethnicity, and husband's occupation determining marital fertility. The second half of the paper presents a multivariate model of the determinants of fertility using these and other demographic characteristics as independent variables. The conclusions emphasize the importance of the overall trend toward fertility decline in the United States, as well as the role of religion and of occupational differences, in determining changes in fertility behavior in the population of Gillespie County, Texas.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1993

The metazoan parasite community of migrating greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca, from the Rio Grande Valley, Texas and New Mexico.

Forty-eight migrant greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca, collected from southwestern Texas and southeastern New Mexico were examined for metazoan parasites. Nine helminth and 7 ectoparasite species were collected. Five new host records were recorded. The helminth fauna showed little diversity, little concentration for dominance, and no significant positive or negative associations between species were found. All species of helminths showed a contagious distribution. The component helminth community consisted of 2 core, 3 secondary, and 4 satellite species, and there was no host specialist. A checklist of metazoan parasites reported from greater yellowlegs in North America is included.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Demographic data of the neonatal intensive care population of a county hospital in Texas.

Morbidity and mortality associated with neonatal intensive care affect strongly the socioeconomic aspect of the health-care system. A retrospective study of the neonatal intensive care population at a county hospital in Texas showed that most deaths were related to nontreatable causes. Prematurity was a major cause both of increased mortality and morbidity. Although improved management of a premature infant with hyaline membrane disease using artificial surfactant improved survival, this treatment did not change the morbidity. The incidence of morbidity was related directly to the degree of prematurity. Illicit drug use also had a direct correlation with infants who had low birth weights. Overall, the mortality and morbidity data were consistent with incidence data reported nationally.

Black People↗
PubMed1993

Minors' access to tobacco--Missouri, 1992, and Texas, 1993.

Approximately 75% of adults who have regularly smoked cigarettes tried their first cigarette before their 18th birthday, and about half became regular smokers by age 18 years. Despite the importance of reducing smoking among adolescents, the prevalence of smoking among high school seniors has not decreased substantially from 1981 through 1991. National health objectives for the year 2000 have targeted substantial reductions in smoking among persons aged < 20 years, and reducing access to cigarettes through laws or statutes is an important strategy in reaching this goal. This report describes the results of efforts in two states--Missouri and Texas--to characterize access of minors to cigarettes and other tobacco products.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Persistence of a recurrent group of intestinal helminth species in a coyote population from southern Texas.

The persistence and interrelationships of a recurrent group of intestinal helminth species in a coyote population from southern Texas were determined; data were collected at 4-yr intervals (1979, 1983, and 1987). The a priori expectation was that a defined recurrent group of helminth species persisted over time and that the respective helminth species were stable in terms of their abundances. The Fager index and subsequent recurrent group analysis indicated a small group of taxonomically unrelated recurring species of helminths that always demonstrated affinities with each other and occasionally with certain of the remaining species. Although there were differences across host subpopulations delineated by sex and age, temporal changes reflective of extrinsic environmental variables acting on certain helminth species appeared to have the greatest effect on recurrent group size and structure. Three of the 8 common intestinal helminth species (Ancylostoma caninum, Oncicola canis, and Alaria marcianae) occurred in all recurrent groups. Thus, there was temporal persistence of a small recurrent group of dominant helminth species that formed the basis of the intestinal helminth community in this coyote population.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMed1993

An ultrasound survey of gallbladder disease among Mexican Americans in Starr County, Texas: frequencies and risk factors.

The Mexican-American population of south Texas has been shown previously to have elevated frequencies of gallbladder disease, based on medical history. In the present study, ultrasonography was employed to screen 1004 randomly selected individuals aged 15 to 74 years. Among women, the frequency of previous cholecystectomy was 10.0%; the frequency of stones on ultrasound was 12.2%. In men, the respective frequencies were 1.7% and 6.3%. Highest frequencies of gallbladder disease occurred among those aged 45 years or above: 40.2% and 19.2% among women and men, respectively. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension were also markedly elevated in this population. Overall, more than 40% of the population had either gallbladder disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, obesity, or hypertension. Among those older than 45 years, 70% had one or more of these chronic conditions. Examining the associations of gallbladder disease with other chronic diseases or measures of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins demonstrates that factors predictive of or associated with cholecystectomy are different from those for gallstones by ultrasound. Diabetes and obesity show the strongest associations with cholecystectomy among women under 45 years (women with diabetes being 6.8 times as likely to have had a cholecystectomy than those without diabetes). Testing an extensive array of lipid-related measures resulted in no clear patterns, with the possible exception of alpha-lipoprotein and related measures. That the Mexican-American population is relatively young and experiencing extremely rapid growth indicates that the burden of chronic disease in general and gallbladder disease in particular will increase dramatically in the coming years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The impact on tissue utilization of screening donor corneas by specular microscopy at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.

To determine how frequently specular microscopy results affect the outcome of eye-bank judgments on the transplantability of donor corneas, 1,011 consecutive donor records from a 3-year period at the Transplant Services Center of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas were analyzed. Specular microscopy cell counts from each decade of donor age were determined, and it was found that there were no cell counts < 2,000 mm2 for any donor age < 40. Above age 40, the percentage of cell counts < 2,000 per mm2 rose from 3.9% for donors in their forties of 6% for donors in their seventies. For donors between 40 and 69 years, specular microscopy was used to rule out unacceptable tissue in an additional 3.3% of a prescreened pool of corneas evaluated by current Eye Bank Association of America standards. While corneas from donors over age 69 were initially presumed to be unacceptable for transplant at this eye bank, routine specular microscopic examination helped to clear for transplant of 31 corneas from donors of this age group.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1996

Outbreaks of hepatitis B virus infection among hemodialysis patients-- California, Nebraska, and Texas, 1994.

From April through August 1994, outbreaks of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurred in five chronic hemodialysis centers in California, Nebraska, and Texas. This report summarizes investigations by state and local public health officials and CDC, which suggest that transmission of HBV from hemodialysis patients with chronic HBV infection to susceptible patients resulted from failure to identify and isolate HBV-infected patients during hemodialysis; sharing of staff, equipment, and supplies among patients; and failure to vaccinate susceptible patients against hepatitis B.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed1996

Cancer incidence and mortality in urban versus rural areas of Texas, 1980 through 1985.

Cancer incidence and mortality rates were estimated among three ethnic groups in Texas. Ratios confirmed higher rates of total cancers (all cancer types combined) and of many individual sites in urban versus rural areas for all males and for Anglo females. Urban African-American females had elevated cancer mortality, but incidence did not show significant urban-rural differences. Hispanic females did not exhibit significant urban-rural differences in either incidence or mortality. Cancers of the digestive system and smoking-related cancers follow the general pattern of higher incidence and mortality rates in urban areas, consistent with studies published previously. Despite higher rates of cancer mortality, urban areas have a larger proportion of total cancer cases diagnosed at a premalignant stage. Various hypotheses may be offered to explore the findings of urban-rural differences in cancer incidence and mortality.

Black People↗
PubMed1996

Mercury poisoning associated with beauty cream--Texas, New Mexico, and California, 1995-1996.

The Texas Department of Health (TDH), New Mexico Department of Health (NMDH), and San Diego County Health Department (SDCHD) recently investigated three cases of mercury poisoning among persons who had used a beauty cream produced in Mexico. The investigations implicated the beauty cream as the source of the mercury. The cream, marketed as "Crema de Belleza--Manning," lists "calomel" (mercurous chloride) as an ingredient and was found to contain 6%-8% mercury by weight. This report summarizes the ongoing investigation of these and other possible cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Coccidia of the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu) in southern Texas with descriptions of three new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae).

In February 1993, fresh fecal samples were collected from 47 collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) killed by hunters at the Chaparral Wildlife Management Area, southern Texas, USA. Five species of coccidia (Eimeria chaparralensis n. sp. [9/47, 19%], Eimeria dicotylensis n. sp. [21/47, 21%], Eimeria pecari n. sp. [2/47, 4%], Eimeria sp. [1/47, 2%], and Klossia sp. [1/47, 2%]) were observed. Measurements are in micron. Sporulated oocysts of E. chaparralensis are rough-walled, elongate ovoidal, 43.3 x 28.5 (37-52 x 26-35); sporocysts are elongate ellipsoidal 21.8 x 9.0 (16-27 x 7-12); micropyle (approximately 4.9), Stieda, and substieda body are present; sporocyst residuum is present in newly sporulated oocysts; polar granule and oocyst residuum are absent. Sporulated oocysts of E. dicotylensis are smooth-walled, ovoidal, 25.7 x 20.1 (23-29 x 17-23); sporocysts are ellipsoidal 13.0 x 6.9 (11-17 x 6-9); micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent; polar body sometimes present; Stieda body and sporocyst residuum always present. Sporulated oocysts of E. pecari are smooth-walled, elongate ellipsoidal, 26.8 x 18.1 (22-31 x 15-21); sporocysts are elongate ellipsoidal 16.4 x 5.9 (13-22 x 4-7); micropyle (approximately 5.8) with collar, Stieda body, substieda body, and sporocyst residuum are present; polar granule and small oocyst residuum sometimes present. There were no sex or age differences in prevalences of infection, and there were no positive or negative associations between any species of eimerian. The majority of hosts were infected with a single species of Eimeria. Overall prevalence of infection with eimerians was 23/47 (49%).

Animals↗